• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.638-650
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• 2021

This study collected data from 301 men and women in their teens and 50s living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to analyze the impact of gender, age, and experience in purchasing cosmetics through live commerce on purchasing satisfaction and continuous purchase intention. As a result, the purchasing experience through live commerce was classified as 'practical value', 'entertainment value' and 'trusted value', and purchase satisfaction and continuing purchase intention were presented in a single dimension. Depending on gender and age, the experience of purchasing cosmetics through live commerce has had a positive impact on purchasing satisfaction and continuous purchase intention. Depending on gender and age, purchase satisfaction affects continuous purchase intention. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for establishing marketing strategies that utilize live commerce by gender and age in the cosmetics industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of determinants of Smartphone purchasing such as A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design on customer satisfaction and verify the accordance of the results of existing researches and our research with customers' actual experience. The study also sought to confirm if moderating effects exist between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and customer satisfaction by age, gender. Data for this study was gathered by analyzing the results of a survey we conducted on 252 respondents. By taking into account the results of antecedent researches, we determined A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design as the 5 main factors that influence Smartphone purchasing behavior. We focused on analyzing the effect determinants of Smartphone purchasing has on consumer satisfaction and whether there exist any moderating effects between the determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender. As a result, we found out that design, brand, H/W had a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in the descending order. Switching cost and A/S turned out to have very little influence on consumer satisfaction. Also as a result of analyzing the moderating effects between determinants of Smartphone purchasing and consumer satisfaction by age and gender, the study verified that that A/S had the most significant influence as a moderating effect on age. And as for gender, switching cost was turned out to have a significant influence. The result of this study indicates several academic and practical implications for customer satisfaction of Smartphone business. Therefore, this result is expected to contribute to verifying influential factors of customer satisfaction improvement both academically and practically.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The competition to acquire customers with repurchase intention is getting more and more intense in the saturated smartphone market. That is why the aim of this study is to investigate the difference in purchasing determinants between various age groups and gender. Furthermore we aimed to analyze which of the purchasing determinants influence repurchase intention. In order to gather information we conducted a survey on 252 respondents. We selected 5 purchasing determinants (A/S, H/W, switching cost, network effect and design) by conducting factor analysis and validity analysis. Then we analyzed how respondents of different age groups and gender perceived different purchasing determinants and analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention. As for analyzing the difference of purchasing determinants throughout various age groups, the H/W, A/S, network effect showed a notable difference. The older respondents tended to consider H/W, A/S, network effect more importantly than younger respondents. When it came to comparing the results depending on the gender, male respondents tended to consider H/W factor more importantly compared to female respondents and the opposite was true for other factors such as A/S, switching cost, design, and network effect but there weren't any significant differences. Finally, out of various determinant factors, network effect and design turned out to have a considerable influence on repurchase intention. That is why it would be highly appropriate to say that if a company intends to boost repurchase intention, enhancing network effect and developing an effective design would be crucial. This study differs from other existing researches in that we analyzed respondents from different age groups and gender separately. Also unlike other researches we directly analyzed the influence purchasing determinants have on repurchase intention not customer satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as basic information that can be used to establish strategies both in an academic and practical level, allowing companies to boost the repurchase intention of the smartphone market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.1185-1186
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• 2012

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

We examined the prevalence of sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition in Korean older persons. Community dwelling 77 men and 65 women($60{\sim}88\;yr$) were recruited for this study. Fat-free mass and the percent body fat were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Isometric grip strength was measurement using grip strength dynamometer. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were assayed. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to increase with aging (men in their sixties 82.6%, seventies 96.6% and eighties 100%, and women in their sixties 47.4%, seventies 63%). In both gender groups, handgrip strength was inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with height, lean mass, and fat free mass. Better handgrip strength was related with higher weight in the men and with lower heart rate in the women. Fat free mass, age, and gender were found to be independent factors significantly associated with handgrip strength in the multivariate analysis. In summary, results of the present study suggest that handgrip strength is well associated with age, gender, and fat free mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia is increased with age and is exceeded by 40% among Korean persons older than 60 years.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.530-538
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• 2007

Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a device to measure the magnetic field from the heart. It is a noninvasive device and takes only few minutes to record magnetocardiogram from a subject. In this study, we compared the difference of MCG data recorded from 56 normal subjects in early twenties (28 males and 28 females, mean $age=21.0{\pm}1.6$ years) and 36 elderly subjects (20 males and 16 females, mean $age=61.9{\pm}6.9$ years) for the analysis of the age and gender difference. A total of 24 parameters used in the analysis were derived from QRS complex, R-wave, T-wave, and ST-T period. As a result, seven parameters including maximum current angle and map angle showed the significant difference (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) between young males and young females. Significant difference (p<0.05) between elderly males and elderly females was found from a parameter, pole distance at T-wave peak. In the comparison of age difference, seven parameters regarding current moment, pole distance, and dynamics showed the significant difference between young and elderly males. Eight parameters also showed significant difference (p<0.05) between two younger and elderly female groups. Results showed that parameters regarding current moment, pole distance, and dynamics might be changed when people get older. In conclusion, gender and age difference should be considered when MCG data are analyzed for certain parameters.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.123-139
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• 2011

This study sought to examine the impact of reading ability and vocabulary at age 5, as well as analyzing the impact which children's gender, parental education level and family income level has on reading comprehension ability and vocabulary at the first grade level in primary school. The study also sought to compare the characteristics of the results obtained in Korea and Japan on this particular research topic. For the Korean part of the study, 328 first grade Korean children, who had participated in the initial testing as five-year olds and agreed to participate in the longitudinal study were tested; whereas in Japan, 215 students were tested. The study results indicated that, in the case of Korea, reading comprehension ability in the first grade was affected by vocabulary and reading abilities at age 5, gender, as well as the mother's education level, in that order. In Japan, it was affected in the order of vocabulary, gender, and father's education level. In terms of first grade vocabulary, in the case of Korea, it was affected in the order of vocabulary and reading ability at age 5 and father's education level; whereas in Japan, it was affected in the order of vocabulary, gender, and reading ability. In both Korea and Japan, at age 5, vocabulary was shown to have a more significant impact than reading ability on both of language ability and vocabulary in the subsequent primary school period. As such, it can be seen that more interest should be shown not only in the ability to read at age 5 but also in expanding the vocabulary of children at this age through appropriate interaction and support.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This retrospective study analyzed the distribution of the dental implants with regards to age and gender of the patients and type of indication for the implant therapy, as well as the location, dimension and type of the implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The data of demographics (age and gender), type of indication for implant therapy, anatomical location, dimensions (length and diameter) and type (bone and tissue level) of 1616 implants were recorded from patient charts between January 2000 and January 2010. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using a chi-squared test for demographic parameters, type of indication, tooth position, anatomical location, implant dimensions and type (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. The patient pool comprised of 350 women and 266 men, with a mean age of $52.12{\pm}13.79$ years. The difference in n% of the implants of the age groups was statistically significant between the types of indications. The difference in the position of the implants was statistically significant between the n% of the implants of all age groups. Gender did not significantly vary, except that the diameter of the implants was significantly higher for the standard diameter implants in males. The difference between the implant positions was statistically significant when considered according to indication. The relationship between implant length and anatomical location was statistically significant. CONCLUSION. The indication for dental implant use is age dependent and the type and size of the implant seems to be strongly related to the location of the implant.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

Objective : This study explored the relationships among demographic (DVs) and clinical variables (CVs), neurocognitive (NOs) and functional outcome (FO) that could be used as prognostic factors for old aged patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) undergoing or appointed disability evaluation (DE) after treatment. Methods : A total of 162 subjects with TBI above the age of 55 years undergoing DE or appointed to do so after treatments were selected. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to age : a junior elderly group 55 to 64 years old and a senior elderly group over the age of 65. NOs and FO were evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery and Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Results : Gender, age, and education level were shown to significantly impact the recovery of NOs after TBI. Other DVs and CVs such as area of residency, occupation, type of injury, or loss of consciousness were not found to significantly affect the recovery of NOs after TBI. Analysis of the relationships among DVs, CVs and NOs demonstrated that gender, age, and education level contributed to the variance of NOs. In FO, loss of consciousness (LOC) was included to prognostic factor. Conclusion : Gender, age and education level significantly influence the NOs of elderly patients with TBI. LOC may also serve as a meaningful prognostic factor in FO. Unlike younger adult patients with TBI, old aged patients with TBI did not show global faking-bad or malingering attitudes to DE for compensation, but assume that they could faking their performance in a test set available visual feedback.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2017

Classification of age and gender has been carried out through different approaches such as facial-based and audio-based classifications. One of the limitations of facial-based methods is the reduced recognition rate over large distances, while another is the prerequisite of the faces to be located in front of the camera. Similarly, in audio-based methods, the recognition rate is reduced in a noisy environment. In contrast, gait-based methods are only required that a target person is in the camera. In previous works, the view point of a camera is only available as a side view and gait data sets consist of a standard gait, which is different from an ordinary gait in a real environment. We propose a feature extraction method using skeleton models from an RGB-D sensor by considering characteristics of age and gender using ordinary gait. Experimental results show that the proposed method could efficiently classify age and gender within a target group of individuals in real-life environments.