• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of roasted Cassia tora seed against aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and or TA98. The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. The $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH fractions possessed antimutagenic activity, but the EtOAc and $H_2O$ fractions were inactive. Both the MeOH extract and its fractions were capable of inhibiting the indirect-acting mutagen $AFB_1$, suggesting that these fractions may prevent the metabolic activation of $AFB_1$, or scavenge the electrophilic intermediate capable of inducing mutations. Column chromatography using silica gel yielded pure alaternin from the $CH_2Cl_2$ a fraction, and adenosine and isorubrofusarin gentiobioside from the n-BuOH fraction. Alaternin and isorubrofusarin gentiobioside demonstrated significant antimutagenic activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.986-993
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• 2002

Mushroom mycelia-cultured traditional meju (MTM) was prepared by inoculating 10% submerged-liquid culture of mushroom strains to five holes (1$\times$3 cm) per side of the traditionally-fermented meiu (10$\times$10$\times$10cm), followed by incubating additional 4 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. Mushroom strains used were Neutari (Pleurotus ostreatus, PO), Yeongji (Ganoderma lucidum, GL), Synryeong (Agaricus blazei, AB), Ypsae (Grifola frondosa, GF), Pyogo(Lentinus edodes, PE), Dongchunghacho (Paecilomyces japonicus, PJ) and Sanghwang (Phellinus linteus PL). All MTMs showed an enhanced anticarcinogenicity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer antimutagenicity against aflatoxin B$_1$ (AFB$_1$) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and sensory qualities, relative to control meju. Such positive effects of MTM prepared with Sanghwang, Yeongji, or Synryeong were superior to those of MTM with Ypsae, Pyogo, Dongchunghacho, or Neutari.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1999

The antimutagenic effects of buchu kimchi and Chinese cabbage kimchi and theri cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell line were investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium system and MTT assay, respectively. Leek and Chinese cabbage were aslo evaluated in the same system. Buchu kimchi was fermented at 15 $^{\circ}C$ for 4 days . Buchu kimchi samples showed somewhat higher antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) than CHinese cabbage kimchi in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. There was no difference onthe antimutagenic activity according to the length of fermentation . Leek exerted stronger antimutagenicity against AFB1 than Chinese cabbage in the Ames assay. In MTT assay, 6-day fermented buchu kimchin revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in which 62% and 82% of the inhibition were observed wiht the addition of 100ug, 400ug/well, respectively. Buchu kimchi samples caused 60~70% inhibition on the proliferation of HT-29 at 400ug/well. Leek exhibited higher antiproliferative effect against both AGS cells and HT-29 cells than Chinese cabbage in MTT assay. From these results, it is considered that buchu kimchi has stronger antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects than Chinese cabbage kimchi and the high inhibition rate of buchu kimchi probably results from leek, the major ingredient of buchu kimchi .

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.174-174
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• 1993

목적: Cinnamic acid의 유도체들중에서 항돌연변이 효과가 보고된 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 E. coil PQ37균주를 사용한 SOS chromotest를 이용하여 약 170개 cinnamic acid의 유도체들의 항돌연변이 효과를 확인하고자 하였고, 1차로 확인된 수종의 유도체들에 대한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 방법: SOS chromotest는 sul A:: lacz fusion strain 인 E. coli PQ37 에서의 chemical로 인한 DNA damage에 대한 SOS response를 $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme activity level로서 측정하는 실험이며, m-RNA 또는 protein synthesis에 대한 test chemicals의 cytotoxic저해효과를 알아보기 위하여 alkaline phosphatase를 병행측정하여 보완하였다. 결과 및 고찰: (－)S－9 경우는 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)를 유도물질로 하였으며 대략 Induction factor가 9.7 정도였고, (＋)S－9의 경우는 aflatoxinB$_1$을 유도물질로 하였고 이때의 Induction factor는 13.8 정도였다. 이결과 1차로 test된 cinnamic acid유도체 6개중에서 RK001, RK002, RK003, RK004, RK005는 거의 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, RK006은 항돌연변이 효과를 보여주어 이들의 Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) 및 Dose-response와 RK006의 항돌연변이 효과의 mechanism에 관해 M13 mp2 viral DNA의 유전자 염기서열을 이용하여 항돌연변이 기전연구를 수행중이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.350-358
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and anticancer activities of glycoprotein(GP) and chondroitin sulfate(CS) from sea cucumbers were studied using Ames mutagenicity test and human cancer cells culture test. The GP's inhibitory effect toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl(DMAB) increased with the higher added concentrations up to 5% level(w/w) regardless fractionation methods. The GP from sea cucumbers through DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed an inhibitory effect ranged from 84 to 98%, and the maximum antimutagenicities resulted in red sea cucumber with 98% (AFB1) and 95% (DMAB). But 5% level of CS from various sea cucumbers had an inhibitory effect toward those both indirect mutagens ranged from 79% to 85%. However, in case of direct mutagens(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, MNNG and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4-NQO), the GP's inhibitory effect was 55∼78% and the CS had a low inhibitory effect(58∼70%) at the added level of 5%. The GP from sea cucumbers exhibited the strong inhibitory effects with 89∼95% and 82∼92% on the growth of HT-29 human crcinoma cells and AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells (at 5% level).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.436-442
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• 1994

The effect of garlic on glutathione S-transferase activity and the level of glutathione in the mouse liver was studied. the intraperitoneal injection of the methanol extract of garlic and ally sulfide which is one of possible active compounds in garlic to ICR mouse before the injection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) increased the levels of glutathione and nonprotein-SH in microsomal fraction of the livers. The injection of the chloroform fraction 2 which revealed the highest antimutgenic activity in our previous research in the increase of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and the levels of glutathione and nonprotein -SH. The glutathione itself also had the antimutagenic effect on AFB1 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1146-1154
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antimutagenic and anticancer effects and dyeing properties of the fermented indigo extract. The methanol extract of fermented indigo showed a strong inhibition effect on Trich. mentagrophytes and antimutagenic activities against aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. We also found in vitro anticancer effects of the methanol extract of fermented indigo and it was evaluated by using Clone M-3 mouse melanoma cells and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells and exerted little cytotoxity against 3T3-L1 embryo fibroblast cell. In the relationship between the K/S values of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with fermented indigo and dyeing repeating times, the K/S values became higher as the repeating times were increased. The K/S values were high when the fabrics were dyed at low temperture. The K/S values of cotton fabrics were higher than those of silk fabrics. Changes of surface color of silk fabrics were higher than those of cotton fabrics after water fastness test, laundering, irradiation and treatment of acidic and alkaline perspiration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2003

Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and their related fungi that grow in improperly stored foods such as com, rice, peanuts and other cereals. In addition to its high mutagenicity and cytotoxicity, aflatoxin B$_1$ (AFB$_1$) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in experimental animals and an important factor for the human liver cancer. In spite of a high attention to the hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxins, the relative toxicity, for the risk assessment, of other types (AFB$_2$, AFG$_1$ and AFG$_2$) of the toxin was not fully studies.(omitted)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2001

Antimutagenic, antioxidative and nitrite-scavenging effects of seafood bun were investigated. Each samples were extracted with methanol. Aflatoxin Bl(AFB1) was used as mutagen. Seafood bun added 20% kimchi(5mg/plate) reduced mutagenicity of AFB1 for Salmonella typhimurium TA and YG 1024 to 47% and 61%, rrespectivery. The reduction rate of seafood bun added 20% kimchi was higher relative to that of other samples. Mydrogen donating activity in all buns showed over 50% and seafood bun added 20% kimchi was higher than others, but the activity was lower than that of 0.1% BHT. The peroxide value for linoleic acid increased during the storage, the values in seafood bun added 20% kimchi was higher than others, but the activity was lower than that of 0.1% BHT. The peroxide value for linoleic acid increased during the storage, the values in seafood bun added 20% kimchi was significantly lower and the values in other buns were a lower than that of control, the values in all of the samples were higher than that in 0.1% BHT. Among the samples tested, the TBA value in the seafood bun added 20% kimchi for liver homogenate of rat was the lowest. Nitrite-scavenging effect in all the samples tested was higher than 50%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate feasibility of feedstuff for animal using food waste by fermentation mechanism of indigenous microorganism. To achieve this purpose, indigenous bacteria was isolated from soils to use as an inoculant. Enzyme test was performed to verify activity of amylase, protease and lipase using isolated bacteria. Bacteria(H1, D1), which vigorously express the enzyme activity, was selected and used in the fermentation experiments of food waste. From the analysis of 16s rDNA sequencing, H1 and D1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus polymyxa, respectively. In the fermentation experiment, food waste was mixed with rice bran and popped rice to control moisture and nutrient content. Isolated bacteria(B. subtilis and P. polymyxa) was used as an inoculant. From the measured data such as temperature, pH and ORP, it can be verified that food waste adding the indigenous bacteria was effectively fermented. From the nutritional analysis of manufactured feedstuff, it showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber were enough to use as feedstuff for animal. In addition, harmful components such as Pb, Hg, Cd, aflatoxin and salmonella concentration were not exceeded permitted standards. Therefore, fermented food waste using indigenous bacteria can be used as feedstuff.