• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

The purpose of this study were to translate the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale into Korean and to verify the content validity by utilizing a back-translation method with a view to assessing balance function and the risk of falling in a clinical research setting. This research was conducted in six steps. First, three Korean physical therapists translated the FAB scale into Korean. Second, two bilingual professors of physical therapy and a physical therapist evaluated translation conformity of Korean-translated FAB scale. In the third and fourth steps, twelve physical therapists evaluated the degree of translation comprehension, and a translator back-translated the Korean FAB scale into the original language. Fifth, a bilingual professor of physical therapy and two native speakers evaluated the technical and conceptual equivalence between the original and translation versions. In this process, inappropriate translated items were revised using recommended substitute words or sentences, and all items were evaluated on the basis of three points or more on a rating scale in terms of translation comprehension, and the technical and conceptual equivalence of the back-translation. In the sixth and last step, the translation verification committee completed the final Korean version. The above process indicated that the content validity of the Korean-translated FAB scale was established by means of systematic translation methods, and it can therefore be used to assess balance function and the risk of falls in a clinical research setting.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2001

The effects of the sintering atmosphere and Ni content on t도 densification of TiB$_2$-Ni have been investigated. TiB$_2$powder compacts containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% Ni were liquid-phase sintered at 1500-1$700^{\circ}C$ in vacuum or in flowing Ar. The densification was enhanced as Ni content increased. For a given Ni content, the densification was faster in compacts in compacts with larger grain size. These densification behaviors agree well with the prediction of the recently developed pore-filling theory. For samples containing high Ni contents, 80TiB$_2$-20Ni and 70TiB$_2$-30Ni, the densification was faster in vacuum than in Ar. In particular, 70TiB$_2$-30Ni was fully densified at 1$700^{\circ}C$ for 60min in vacuum. The suppressed densification in Ar was due to the entrapped Ar in the isolated pores. On the other hand, for 90TiB$_2$-10Ni, the Ar-sintering resulted in higher densification than did the vacuum-sintering. This result was attributed to the suppression of Ni volatilization by the Ar in the furnace and a retarded isolation of pores due to the limited amount of liquid in the sample. Therefore, vacuum sintering is recommended for the preparation of TiB$_2$-Ni with a high Ni content while Ar sintering is recommended for the preparation of TiB$_2$-Ni with a low Ni content.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1388-1391
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• 2005

Temporal changes of cell growth pattern and intracellular content of $\beta$-D-glucans were investigated with off-gas data in Agaricus blazei culture where glucose was intermittently fed. It was observed that the time point of carbon source depletion coincided with the point of sudden drop in the carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), and that the sole supplementation of glucose was not enough to maintain active cell growth and glucan content. On the other hand, when yeast extract, a typical nitrogen source, was supplemented together with glucose when the CER suddenly dropped because of carbon source depletion, an active cell growth could be maintained until the end of the culture and the glucan content did not decrease with culture time, significantly enhancing glucan productivity.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1999

The hydrogen storage performance and electrochemical properties of $Zr_{1-X}Ti_X(Mn_{0.2}V_{0.2}Ni_{0.6})_{1.8}$(X=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) alloys are investigated. The relationship between discharge performance and alloy characteristics such as P-C-T characteristics and crystallographic parameters is also discussed. All of these alloys are found to have mainly a C14-type Laves phase structure by X-ray diffraction analysis. As the mole fraction of Ti in the alloy increases, the reversible hydrogen storage capacity decreases while the equilibrium hydrogen pressure of alloy increases. Furthermore, the discharge capacity shows a maxima behavior and the rate-capability is increased, but the cycling durability is rapidly degraded with increasing Ti content in the alloy. In order to analyze the above phenomena, the phase distribution, surface composition, and dissolution amount of alloy constituting elements are examined by S.E.M., A.E.S. and I.C.P. respectively. The decrease of secondary phase amount with increasing Ti content in the alloy explains that the micro-galvanic corrosion by multiphase formation is little related with the degradation of the alloys. The analysis of surface composition shows that the rapid degradation of Ti-substituted Zr base alloy electrode is due to the growth of oxygen penetration layer. After comparing the radii of atoms and ions in the electrolyte, it is clear that the electrode surface becomes more porous, and that is the source of growth of oxygen penetration layer while accelerating the dissolution of alloy constituting elements with increasing Ti content. Consequently, the rapid degradation (fast growth of the oxygen-penetrated layer) with increasing Ti substitution in Zr-based alloy is ascribed to the formation of porous surface oxide through which the oxygen atom and hydroxyl ion with relatively large radius can easily transport into the electrode surface.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2014

The thermodynamic instability of bubbles in wet-foam colloidal suspension is due to the substantial area of their gas/liquid interface. Several physical processes lead to gas diffusion from smaller to larger bubbles, resulting in a coarsening and Ostwald ripening of wet foam. This includes a narrowing of the bubble size distribution. The distribution and microstructure of porous ceramics, the adsorption free energy and Laplace pressure of $Al_2O_3$ particle-stabilized colloidal suspension, and $SiO_2$ content were investigated for tailoring the bubble size. Wet-foam stability of more than 80% is related to the degree of hydrophobicity with contact angles of $62-70^{\circ}$ achieved from the surfactant. The contact angle replaces part of the highly energetic interface and lowers the free energy of the system. This leads to an apparent increase in the surface tension (26-33 mN/m) of the colloidal suspension.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.414-414
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• 2008

Vertically well-aligned Ga-doped ZnO nanorods with different Ga contents were grown by thermal evaporation on a ZnO template. The Ga-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized with 50 wt % Ga with respect to the Zn content showed maximum compressive stress relative to the ZnO template, which led to a rapid growth rate along the c-axis due to the rapid release of stored strain energy. A further increase in the Ga content improved the conductivity of the nanorods due to the substitutional incorporation of Ga atoms in the Zn sites based on a decrease in lattice spacing. The p-n diode structure with Ga-doped ZnO nanorods, as a n-type, displayed a distinct white light luminescence from the side-view of the device, showing weak ultraviolet and various deep-level emissions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 1995

A bacterial strain C-02 using methanol as a carbon source was isolated from Gumi Industrial Estate and selected based on its rapid growth and capability of poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate accumulation. Characteristics of strain C-02 showed that it belongs to the Methylococcaceae family, Type II subgroup. Strain C-02 could incorporate valerate into the PHB chain to form 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (P(3HB-co-3HV)). Among various nutrient limitation tests, the nitrogen limitation test resulted in the highest content of P(3HB-co-3HV) per dry cell weight, 50$%$. Under the nitrogen limited condition, the average molecular weight of P(3HB-co-3HV) obtained was determined to be approximately $2.8\times 10^5$ daltons.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

New porous separators based on non-polyolefin materials including the blend of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF-co-HFP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and the porous separator based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) were prepared by phase inversion method. The porosity and morphology were controlled with phase inversion rate, which is governed by the relative content of non-solvent and solvent in coagulation bath. To enhance tensile strength, the solvent pre-evaporation and uni-axial stretching processes were applied. The ionic conductivity was increased with increasing stretching ratio, and tensile strength was increased with increasing solvent pre-evaporation time and stretching ratio. The 200% stretched PVdF separator showed 56 MPa of tensile strength, and the ionic conductivity of the stretched PVdF separator was $8.6{\times}10^{-4}\;S\;cm^{-1}\;at\;25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2013

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of sputtered CoFeB thin films covered by MgO was investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry. Three different $Co_xFe_{80-x}B_{20}$ alloys were studied. Under out-of plane magnetic field, the saturation field was found to increase with increasing the Co content. The magnetization and interface anisotropy energy were obtained for all samples. Both showed a marked dependence on the MgO overlayer thickness. In addition, their variations were found to be non-monotonous as a function of the Co concentration.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2009

In this paper, the regenerated silk fibroin (SF)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) blend filaments were prepared by wet spinning and the effect of HPMC concentration on the post drawing and morphology of blend filaments was elucidated. The result of maximum draw ratio indicated that the wet spinnability of wet spun SF / HPMC was improved with increasing HPMC concentration until 8% and remained constant after that concentration. The SEM observation revealed that the enhanced wet spinnability of blend filaments was strongly related to the morphological change by increasing HPMC concentration. Regardless of HPMC concentration, as SF content was reduced, the wet spinnability of blend film decreased resulting in reduced maximum draw ratio. It was also found by SEM observation that the cross section of blend filament deviated from circularity with an increase of HPMC content.