• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

In order to study milk preference and intake pattern of adolescents, the questionnaire survey was conducted with 929 middle and high school students residing in Chungnam cities through October and November 2004. Of the subjects, 56.3% liked milk or liked very much. They preferred chocolate and fruit-tasted milk to plain milk. Reasons for liking milk were for health and its taste, while the reasons of disliking were unpleasant smell and stomach upset. However those who disliked milk did like milk products such as ice-cream, yogurt or cheese. Of the students 35.1% drank milk 2 times or more a day, while 11.8% drank milk less than 2-3 times a month. As a whole they drank milk 8.6$\pm$6.7 times a week, of which 4.3$\pm$3.1 times for plain milk. Daily intake amount was estimated as 308$\pm$315mL. Middle-school students and boys drank more milk than high-school students and girls, respectively. Among the students 64.3% used to drink 1 cup of milk at a time, and 58.3% drank only milk without other foods. It was shown that 51.8% took milk school-serviced and their milk intake frequencies were higher than those of who were not given school milk service. Also milk intake frequencies was higher in students whose mother were housewives than in students whose mother had jobs. Milk preference, intake frequency, and one portion size showed significant and positive correlations each other. In conclusion, milk intake level of the subjects was insufficient and unpleasant smell and stomach upset were the main reasons which decreased milk preference and consumption. Students with low milk preference should be guided with how to drink milk deliciously, how to choose milk type and its products. It is also effective to go into school milk service and to provide milk at home anytime. As students like much fruit-tasted and chocolate milk, the milk processing industries should take their nutritional and health benefits into considerations importantly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.316-324
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to review existing research trends to find highly reliable tools for measuring inconsistencies in parenting attitudes for adolescent children. We reveal factors that heavily affect reliability and feasibility of these tools and compose stable measurement items. We found a total of 37 items with high reliability and feasibility comprising six questions on affection, three questions on childcare, nine questions on interest, seven questions on demands, five questions on neglect, and seven questions on abuse. We surveyed first to third-year high school students in public and private schools nationwide and carried out statistical analysis for the 1,020 respondents. Upon analysis, questions were removed if they showed low factor loading (less than 0.6) for the father and mother in each of the 37 measurement items. Only questions that could be used for both the father and mother were extracted to carry out exploratory factor analysis. Eight questions were were deleted: five on interest, one on demands, one on neglect, and one on abuse. The final 29 questions were selected for the measurement tool. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to analyze reliability, which showed high reliability values ranging from .857 to .931 for the father and mother. Therefore, these inspection tools for inconsistent parenting attitude were both reliable and feasible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.494-502
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• 2019

Various international reports have shown strong proof that socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables are correlated with allergic diseases, yet little is known about how these variables affect Korean adolescents. This study was conducted to identify the socioeconomic and sociodemographic risk factors for allergic diseases of Korean adolescents, and to provide information for preventing and managing such conditions. Data from the 2018 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) of 60,040 adolescents was used for this study. An anonymously administered online survey was conducted to collect information on the dependent variables. The independent variables were asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlations between the dependent variables and the independent variables. Low economic status, living with mother, high education level of parents, high school record, obesity, drinking and smoking were the risk factors for asthma. Low economic status, the place of residence, living with mother, high education level of the parents, gender, high school record, obesity, drinking and smoking were the risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Low economic status, living with mother, high education level of parents, genderhigh school record, obesity and drinking were the risk factors for atopic dermatitis. We found that low socioeconomic status and unhealthy behavior were the risk factor for allergic diseases of Korean adolescents. Balanced economic growth in the community and controlling unhealthy behavior can help reduce the prevalence of allergic diseases.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.85-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables on adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship. Independent variables were the expectation of the parents' role, role performance by adolescents' perception and socio-demographic variables. In order to achieve this purpose, the survey was taken by 758 adolescents (middle & high school students) from Daegu. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Scheffe test for post hoc, and Multiple Regression. The major findings were: 1) Role expectation had significant differences in the grade, gender, birth order, father's level of education, father's job, mother's age, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. Role performance showed significant differences in the grade, gender, father's age, parents' level of education, father's job, and household economy of socio-demographic variables. 2) Adolescents' perception of parents and children's relationship was affected by role expectation and role performance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.121-134
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• 2003

This study examined the degree of school life adjustment in rural adolescents as well as related variables. For this purpose, the data of 192 persons from 40 villages in 8 provinces were analyzed using a SAS 8.1 program. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1) The overall degree of school life adjustment was quantified as about 67 points out of a 100 possible points. 2) The variables that affected the level of adjustment were self-esteem, healthiness of family, age. 3) The explanatory power of such variables as sex, religion, personality, school grades, father satisfaction, and mother satisfaction partially affected significantly in four sub-areas (teather relation, friend relation, attitude of classwork and rule of school areas) of adjustment. The groundwork of this study could be used as basic materials to develop an educational program to improve the adjustment of school life for rural adolescent.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.133-145
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• 2018

Breastfeeding is highly recommended due to its benefits for both the infant and mother; however, most mothers predominantly use formula feed. Breastfeeding affords protection against a wide variety of medical conditions that may emerge at different time points over the lifespan, including hospital admissions for respiratory infections and neonatal fever, offspring childhood obesity, and cancer as well as cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, breastfeeding is expected to decrease the risk of adolescent depression and other psychopathologies. It is also important for the development of the gut, gut-brain axis, and immune system, and night-time breast milk is likely to have higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulatory effects due to the impact of breast milk melatonin on the infant's developing microbiome and gut permeability. Melatonin can be added to a night-time-specific formula feed; however, it is not included in the Korean Food Additive Codex.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1155-1170
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• 2014

This study was performed to understand the structure of family experiences of adolescent behavior problems by analyzing and integrating family experiences in the family relationships. This study intends to discover in-depth family experience by analyzing the individual meaning of family experiences from client's wording. This study was performed in phenomenological method through analyzing the actual counselling cases. The results indicated that 9 units of meaning were derived on family relationships. In the family relationship domain, desire to die or kill others, guilt and resentment, not receiving the respect, mother's ignorance and verbal abuse to father were derived as primary components. Parents-children relationships-Not understanding about his father's drunkenness and disgust, getting exhausted, untrusted parents, unidirectional attitude without communication. Sibling Relationships-younger brother or sister to work off frustration.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed factors affecting consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits in Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits, general characteristics, meal, health, and other variables were analyzed for a total of 147,047 adolescents who participated in the KYRBWS (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey) conducted in 2006 and 2011 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits more than once a day significantly decreased in 2011 compared to 2006 based on Chi-square test conducted for every factor employed in the study. Analysis of factors showed that consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits were reduced in both study years as subjective income decreased, whereas intake frequencies increased with mother's education level and reduction of adolescent stress level. CONCLUSIONS: In general, consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits decreased in 2011 compared to those in 2006. Thus, future research needs to improve dietary guidelines for nutrition education in order for students to recognize the importance of food consumption and necessity of increasing daily serving sizes of vegetables and fruits for their balanced consumption.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health risk behavior in high school students. Methods: The subjects were 512 students from 4 high schools in 3 cities. The questionnaire measured the level of self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and health risk behaviors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in the health risk behaviors according to sex, a classification of the school, whether or not smoking of mother, whether or not live alone, level of harmonious family, level of satisfying school-life and three variables of them were significant differences by Scheffe test. There was a significant positive correlation between sub-dimension of health risk behaviors and the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control were negative correlation with health risk behaviors. The most important influential factor of the health risk behaviors was the self-efficacy. Conclusion: From the studies reviewed, improving the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control and the general social environment of students will probably be the most effective strategies for primary prevention of health risk behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the predictors of smoking in middle school boys'. A comprehensive analysis of individual, family and social environment-related factors was done. Method: The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 318 students enrolled in middle schools who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collected from June to July 2003 were put in to logistic regression analysis to build a prediction model. Results: 1) Individual-related factors for smoking in middle school boys' were participation in drinking and deliilquent behavior 2) Family-related factors were ill-treatment physically of the types of ill-treatment and mother being unemployed. 3) Social environment/peer-related factors were friends' attitudes towards delinquency. Conclusion and Recommendations: The experience of smoking among Korean middle school boys was associated not only with individual factors, but also with family and social environmental factors. The findings of this study suggest that broad intervention program should be provided to prevent adolescent smoking. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with a follow up study to verify the model.