• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2012

In this paper, we consider the sway suppression control problem for container cranes with load hoisting. The proposed control law improves the positioning accuracy but also the sway suppression through fast stabilization of the under-actuated sway dynamics, which is based on a class of feedback linearizing control incorporated with an additional control including the sway angle and its rate as well as positioning errors and their rates. For the design of the additional control, a variable structure control with the proper sway damping and simple switching action is employed, thus preventing excessive overshoots of the trolley travelljng and effectively suppressing the residual sway of container arrived at the target position. Simulation results are provided to show effectiveness of the proposed controller in the presence of such uncertainties as winds and the variation of payload weights.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.227-260
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• 2019

This paper offers a comprehensive view of international risk sharing and of related policy issues from the perspective of the European Union. The traditional analyses contemplate three risk-sharing channels: the capital markets channel (through cross border portfolio investments), international transfers and the credit markets channel (via savings). Comparative analyses reveal that, on average, about 80% of the shock remains unsmoothed in Europe while only about 18% of the shock is transmitted to consumers within the US. From aggregated figures, there is space for improving, particularly, the cross-border investments channel in Europe. In this sense, the completion of the Banking and Capital Markets Union are expected to boost risk sharing across European member states. We also review new additional issues usually not contemplated by the traditional literature as depreciation, migration and the role of sovereigns and two new additional channels recently considered in the literature: government consumption and the real exchange rate. Finally, we also examine recent analysis related to the geographic distribution of risk sharing.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1237-1243
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• 2018

In the HDTV video codec, conventional the padding method of DEPA(DTV essential padding area) region is aimed at minimizing the redundant information to be transmitted. This article propose a method to transmit additional data by using DEPA region. The proposed method is effective for the channel and storage because it can reduce the amount of bits while preventing deterioration of image quality by inserting binary gray image blocks into the DEPA region. Additionally this algorithm can be used in various fields because it conforms to the standards of MPEG-2, ATSC, and DVB encoders.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2022

In this study, a novel group-indexed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing index modulation (OFDM-IM) scheme is proposed to achieve a tradeoff between spectral efficiency (SE) and bit-error-rate (BER) performance. In the proposed scheme, the total subcarriers in a group are divided into subgroups, and additional bits are transmitted by subgroup indexing, unlike the conventional OFDM-IM scheme, which uses index bits to select active subcarriers. With the proposed scheme, the additional degree of freedom provided by the number of active subgroups selected provides a tradeoff between spectral efficiency and BER performance. Decoding is performed in steps to reduce computional complexity in the decoder design. Simulaton results show that the number of active subgroups selected influences the proposed scheme's performance in terms of energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, and BER performance.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.43.4-43.4
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• 2021

One of the most promising secondary target programmes of DESI is the peculiar velocity survey, which will notably improve the measurements of cosmology parameters in the low-redshift universe. We use the Fundamental plane and Tully-Fisher relation as distance indicators to calculate peculiar velocities for DESI. This required additional observations to obtain spectra with sufficient quality to measure the velocity dispersions in the case of the fundamental plane, and to get off-centre redshift measurements to reconstruct the rotation curve in the case of the Tully-Fisher relation. However, we devised a clever strategy for suitable target galaxies, that takes advantage of the spare fibres of DESI to gather the required additional data without causing conflicts with the main survey programmes. We provide a brief overview of the preliminary results and success rate based on the first measurements obtained during survey validation as well as an outlook on expected improvements in the fσ₈ measurements once the survey has been completed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

To investigate the attributes of seed germination of the plants for greening of river bank slope, low-temperature treatment, chemical treatment, plant hormones treatment, and stratification were conducted using the seeds of 6 herbs growing naturally around river banks, such as Setaria glauca and faberii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Lespedeza cuneata and the seeds of 3 shrubs, such as Lespedeza bicolor., Rosa multiflora, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora. The findings are as follows. In case of herbs, Setaria glauca and faberii. have stone seeds. In the treatment with $H_2SO_4$, they were germinated through dormancy breaking, even though there were some differences depending on immersion time, and the germination rate of Setaria faberii was a bit higher than that of Setaria glauca. The germination rate of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii was low in the treatment with $GA_3$, NAA, and the plant hormone, but the seed germination rate has improved and the germination rate of Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides showed the improved seed germination rate in low temperature treatment. In case of Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor, the leguminous plants, the treatment with $H_2SO_4$ was most effective for the improvement of seed germination and the decrease in germination time. Only Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, the rose among 3 woody plants showed the seed germination rate above 50% without any additional treatment. Thus, it was thought to be appropriate for greening. Rosa multiflora showed the attribute of germination in a dark condition at low temperature through stratification, despite its low germination rate. Based on the results as above, with respect to the greening using directly collected seeds, Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum alopecuroides, and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora are suitable for greening, because they do not need any additional treatment, and Lespedeza cuneata and bicolor are also suitable for greening because it is possible to improve the germination rate and reduce the germination time through the treatment on the seeds before sowing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.805-824
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• 2007

Purpose: Developments in micro/macrostructures of implants and surgical techniques brought out stable outcomes of implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distributions of implant patients, the types of implanted sites, and the success or survival rates of various implant systems and to analyze the implant placement done at each specificintraoral site and situation. Materials and Methods: The data of dental implantations collected between 1992 and 2006 at the Department of Periodontology in 00000 University Hospital were analyzed. Results: 1. Largest part of the patients were at the age of 40s and 50s in bothgender who lost their teeth mostly by periodontaldiseases and caries at the posterior intraoral sites as major ones. Bone densities of type II(mandible) and III(maxilla) were likely to be seen with quantity of type B. Lengths of the implants between 10 and 15 mm and wide platform took the largest part. 2. Survival rates of $Implantium^{(R)}(98.8%)$, $Xive^{(R)}(100%)$ and ITI $TE^{(R)}(100%)$ were high when $Frialit-2^{(R)}$ showed 82%(poor bone density area) or 87.2%(combined with additional therapy). $IMZ^{(R)}$ had lowest cumulative survival(67.5%) and success rate(49.4%) amongst all. 3. Replacement with 2 wide or 3 regular platforms showed no significant differences in survival rate and marginal bone loss atmandibular posterior area. In single restoration of mandibular second molar, 5-year success rate of machined surface $Br{\aa}nemark^{(R)}(70.37%)$ was lower than that of rough surface $ITI^{(R)}$ SLA(100%). 4. Replacement of single tooth in anterior area showed high survival rate of 94.5%. 5. The success rates of $Br{\aa}nemark$ Ti-Unite and ITI SLA at posterior maxilla with poor bone density both showed stable outcomes. 6. 10-year cumulative survival rate of implants with maxillary sinus augmentation by lateral window approach appeared to be 96.60%. Low survival rate(75%) was shown when there were more than two complications combined. Height of grafted bone remained stable above the implant apex. Conclusions : Rough surfaced implants showed stable outcomes in most of the situation including poor bone density and additional therapy combined.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

An effort was made to assess comparative production performance in broiler chickens fed diets containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) processed from BT and Parental Non-BT lines. Processed meal of national check and commercial produce cottonseeds were also used for comparison. The free gossypol contents were 0.02, 0.02, 0.44 and 0.03% in meals of BT, Parental Non-BT, national check and commercial produce cottonseeds, respectively. Day-old broiler chicks (n=243) were divided to 27 groups of 9 each. Nine dietary treatments (iso-nitrogenous, 23% CP and iso-caloric, 2,800 kcal ME/kg) were formulated viz., D1 (control, soybean meal-SBM based), D2 and D3 (BT CSM at 10% of diet with and without additional iron), D4 and D5 (non-BT CSM with and without additional iron), D6 and D7 (national check CSM with or without additional iron), and D8 and D9 (commercial produce CSM with or without additional iron at 2 ppm for every 1 ppm of free gossypol, respectively). Each dietary treatment was offered to three replicated groups up to 6 weeks of age. At the end of 6 weeks of age, 10 birds were taken out randomly from each treatment and were sacrificed to study carcass traits, organs' yield and histo-pathological changes in vital organs. The broiler chickens received CSM processed from BT (D2, 1,753 g and D3, 1,638 g) and Parental Non-BT (D4, 1,653 g and D5, 1,687 g) with or without additional Fe grew at same rate as observed in soybean meal (solvent ext.) based diet (D1, 1,676 g). The feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (feed: gain) in these dietary treatments (BT, non-BT line based diets) also did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from control diet. Similar observation was also observed in dietary treatments (D8 and D9) containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal of commercial produce origin. However, a decrease (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in D6 containing national check CSM with high gossypol content. Addition of Fe in the diet (D7) improved (p<0.05) feed intake and weight gain but not to the extent as observed in diets containing BT, parental non-BT, and commercial produce CSM or control. However, any type of CSM did not affect feed conversion efficiency when fed with or without additional iron. The carcass characteristics in terms of dressing percentage, liver weight and heart weight was not significantly (p>0.05) different between the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets containing either BT, non-BT or commercial produce were statistically similar to control. However, eviscerated yield of broilers fed national check CSM with or without iron supplementation was lower (p<0.05) than BT cotton with Fe supplementation and commercial produce CSM. The study envisaged that BT, parental non-BT and commercial produce solvent extracted cottonseed meal can be included at 10% in soybean meal based broiler diet replacing soybean meal and rice bran without additional iron.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1235-1243
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• 2003

Under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber, 24 experiments were performed to compare the ability of a Variable-Air-Volume/Bypass Filtration System(VAV/BPFS) to remove indoor pollutants and to conserve energy with the ability of conventional Variable Air Volume(VAV) system. The specific conclusions of this paper were; first, the VAV/BPFS was more efficient than the VAV system in removing particulate matter, TVOC, and target VOCs. The total effective removal rate of PM for the VAV/BPFS was two times as high as that of the VAV system. The total effective removal rate of TVOC for the VAV/BPFS was 20 percent higher than that of the VAV system. Also each target VOC concentration was reduced by using the VAV/BPFS. Second, clean air delivery rate was increased by using VAV/BPFS due to additional filtration rate. Otherwise, the VAV/BPFS decreased outdoor supply air rate above 25 percent relative to the rate of VAV system. Third, total energy consumption by the VAV/BPFS was lower than that of the VAV system during the period with indoor thermal load, occupied time. The energy saving of the VAV/BPFS ranged from 11 to 16 percent. The VAV/BPFS improves indoor air quality more efficiently than the VAV system, and it reduced energy consumption. Retrofitting the VAV system with the VAV/BPFS was easy The use of VAV/BPFS is, therefore, recommended far buildings with VAV system as well as for buildings at designing stage.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2017

This purpose of this study to analyze effect material properties have on change in QR code recognition rate according to change of materials by comparing recognition rate of color QR code. QR code applied to textile materials has the advantage of being washable and being applicable to lost child prevention goods or clothes or a person with dementia through record of information relating to the material or input of additional information, differently from QR code printed on the conventional paper. An effective method of entering QR code in textile materials is Digital Textile Printing(DTP), that facilitates printing by rapidly applying diverse information, and small quantity production. It is possible to tailor various QR codes according to use. Regarding samples to use, cotton material used in clothing products and Tyvek material recently applied to clothing and related products were selected. Reactive dyes were used for cotton, pigment was used for Tyvek, and QR code was printed with an inkjet printer by direct printing method. Printing methods and surface textures are different between cotton and Tyvek. It was revealed that consequent print results and results of recognition rate were different. Regarding color to be printed, 2015 S/S - 2017 S/S color presented by Pantone was used. Color combination affected recognition rate of color QR code. Understanding color combination, material properties and print characteristics may be helpful in increasing recognition rate of color QR code, and may contribute to usability of color QR code applied to textile materials in the future.