• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2002

BMP can induce ectopic bone formation when implanted into sites such as rat muscle and can greatly enhance healing of bony defects when applied exogenously. In addition, BMP stimulated osteoblastic differentiation in vitro in various types of cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein(rhBMP-2) on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts. The cell number and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured in 3 experimental groups of human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts (control group, rhBMP-2 50ng/ml group, and rhBMP-2 100ng/ml group) at 1 and 2 weeks after culture. At the same time, total RNA of cultured cells were extracted and reverse trascription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of mRNA of bone matrix protein. RhBMP-2 had no effect on the cell proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts. Alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated significantly by rhBMP-2 in both cells. And periodontal ligament cells showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than gingival fibroblasts. ${\beta}$-actin, type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, BMP-2 mRNA were expressed in all of the samples. Osteopontin, osteocalcin mRNA were expressed in all periodontal ligament cell groups, and rhBMP-2 50ng/ml group, rhBMP-2 100ng/ml group of 2 week culture period of gingival fibroblasts. Bone sialoprotein mRNA was only expressed in rhBMP-2 50ng/ml group and rhBMP-2 100ng/ml group of 2-week culture period. These results suggest that rhBMP-2 stimulates osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.694-708
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 과학 수업에서 학생들이 과학 현상을 근거 있게 설명하고 주장할 수 있도록 인지적 발판이 포함된 과제를 개발하였고, 과제가 소집단 논변 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 한 학급에서 이질적인 소집단을 구성한 후, 개발된 과제를 수업중에 활용하였다. 소집단 논변활동에서 학생들은 먼저 각자의 의견을 적고, 서로의 의견을 공유한 후 가장 그럴듯한 의견을 선택하였다. 학생들의 사전 사후 논변 검사지와 논의가 활발하게 일어난 한 소집단의 담화 전사본, 학생들의 반 구조화된 인터뷰, 수업관찰 노트를 통해 과제가 소집단 논변에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 개발된 과제는 모순된 논변 예시를 포함하여 학생들이 증거를 가지고 반박할 수 있도록 하였으며, 친구의 생각과 비교하고 설득하는 활동을 통해 소집단 논변이 활발히 이루어지도록 하였다. 그 결과 학생들의 논변 검사 점수가 향상되었으며, 증거와 추론이 포함된 주장을 하였다. 또한 과제를 진행함에 따라 학생들의 논변은 높은 향상 발화의 빈도와 긴 추론 고리의 특성을 보이면서 그 수준이 높아졌다. 학생들은 과제를 수행하면서 제시된 예시 의견에 대해 반성적, 비판적으로 사고하여 타당한 증거와 추론이 포함된 정교한 주장을 하였으며, 자료를 바탕으로 다양한 근거를 제시할 수 있는 과제는 학생들로 하여금 자발적으로 의견을 제시하도록 하여 다양한 참여로 이끌었다. 본 연구는 발달된 소집단 논변 활동의 맥락에 대한 이해와 일반 중학교 과학 탐구수업에서 학생들의 논변 활동을 조력하는 교수 학습 상황에 대한 정보를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1660-1666
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• 2012

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), one of the world's most geographically widespread diseases, still represents a considerable economic and public health significance, although a variety of methods has been used to control the disease. It has been demonstrated that genetic factors, especially variations in MHC loci, can influence the outcome of CE infection in the human population. The study described here was designed to determine whether variation in MHC-DQB1 was associated with susceptibility or resistance to CE in sheep. If so, it would lay a theoretical foundation for breeding disease resistance sheep in future. This study was carried out on 204 Chinese Merino sheep, including 101 CE sheep and 103 healthy controls. The polymorphism of MHC-DQB1 exon 2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and $x^2$ test was used to compare genotype frequencies between CE sheep and healthy controls. A total of 22 alleles and 42 genotypes were identified in DQB1 exon 2 in Chinese Merino sheep. In addition, $x^2$ test showed that frequencies of DQB1-TaqIaa and DQB1-HaeIIInn genotypes were significantly higher in the healthy group (82.5% and 57.3%, respectively) than that in the CE group (57.4% and 28.9%, respectively) (both p values = 0, OR = 0.286, 0.303, respectively), suggesting that these genotypes appeared to be associated with resistance to CE. Whereas, frequencies of DQB1-TaqIab and DQB1-HaeIIImn genotypes were significantly higher in the CE group (36.9% and 32.0%, respectively), as compared with the healthy group (16.5% and 11.15%, respectively) (p = 0.001, 0.001 and OR = 2.963, 3.629, respectively), indicating that these genotypes might be associated with susceptibility to CE. It is concluded that the genetic polymorphism within MHC-DQB1 might influence immune responses to pathogens, thus leading to the development of CE or protection against CE in Chinese Merino sheep, which would pave the way for breeding disease resistance sheep in future.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the expression of cathepsin B mRNA and protein in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis and in normal endometrial tissues and to clarify the association between the cathepsin B expression and endometriosis. A total of 40 women with histologically confirmed endometriosis were recruited for study group. For controls, 20 women undergoing operative treatment for uterine myoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or benign gynecologic conditions other than endometriosis were recruited. Eutopic endometrial tissues of both groups and ectopic endometrial tissue of study group were collected during the operations. We employed real time reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify mRNA levels of cathepsin B in these tissues. Then, we performed western blot analysis to measure the protein levels of cathepsin B. The expressions of cathepsin B mRNA and protein were significantly higher in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis than in endometrial tissues of controls. These data suggest that the higher expression of cathepsin B in the endometrial tissues might be associated with the development of endometriosis. In addition, eutopic endometrium itself with higher expression cathepsin B may play a pivotal role in the histogenesis of endometriosis.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1999

4차 암모늄염 촉매 존재하에서 poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[poly(GMA)]에 이산화탄소를 직접 부가시켜 poly[(1,3-dioxolane-2-oxo-4-yl)methyl methacrylate][poly(DOMA)]를 합성하였다. 4차 암모늄염 촉매는 높은 이산화탄소 고정화 효율을 나타내었으며, 양이온의 크기가 클수록, 짝음이온의 친핵성이 강할수록 높은 촉매 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 반응온도가 높을수록 높은 이산화탄소 부가율을 나타내었다. 한편 고압 회분 반응기에서 이산화탄소의 압력변화를 관찰함으로써 실시한 속도론적 고찰 결과 반응속도는 poly(GMA)와 이산화탄소의 농도에 대하여 각각 1차 반응이었고, 이때 반응속도상수 k는 $0.69L/mol{\cdot}h$이었다. DMSO를 용매로 사용한 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서의 $CO_2$의 Henry 상수 H'는 $6.8{\times}10^{-4}mol/L{\cdot}KPa$로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 1999

Butyrate는 탄소사슬이 짧은 지방산 중 하나로 소화되지 않은 식이성 섬유의 혐기적 발효결과 포유동물의 위장관내에 millimolar 농도로 유지되며 대장의 상피세포에서 흡수되어 energy원으로 사용된다. 70%정도 confluent하게 자란 사람의 대장암세포주인 HT29 cell에 5mM sodium butyrate를 시간별로 처리하고 세포의 생존율, 암세포의 분화정도의 biomarker로 알려진 alkaline phosphatase 및 PLC-rl의 발현정도를 측정하였으며 sphingolipid의 생합성 및 ceramidase 활성도 측정하였다. Sodium butyrate 처리는 성장중인 HT29 cell의 부착을 저해하여 처리 1일째부터 세포수가 감소하였고 형질막 효소인 alkaline phosphatase의 발현을 증가시켰으며 PLC-${\gamma}$의 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, 복합 sphingolipid들의 생합성을 측정한 결과, 세포성장의 저해와 함께 sphingomyelin은 2일째부터 감소하였으며, galactosyl ceramide는 1일째부터 급속히 감소하였다. 그러나 ceramide의 경우, 1일째는 처리하기 전보다 680dpm/mg protein정도 증가하였으며 2일째에는 다시 급속히 감소하였다. 또한 butyrate처리에 의하여 HT29 cell의 acid ceramidase와 neutral ceramidase활성이 저해됨을 관찰하였는데 그 결과 ceramide함량이 초기에 증가된 것으로 생각된다. 본 실험결과들로부터 HT29 cell의 sodium butyrate처리는 세포분화 또는 세포성장저해를 가져오는데 이와 함께 초기의 ceramide함량 및 alkaline phosphatase활성의 증가와 galactosylceramide함량 및 LC-rl 발현의 감소현상이 동반됨을 알 수 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2014

본 연구는 떡잎의 발달 동안 지방의 유동 및 대사와 관련된 오이 유전자들의 발현을 조사하여 유전자의 활성을 비교하고자 하였으며, 글라이옥시좀과 미토콘드리아 사이의 탄소원(아세틸 단위)의 가능한 경로를 탐색하고자 하였다. 네 곳의 세포 내 소기관인 글라이옥시좀(퍼옥시좀), 미토콘드리아, 엽록체 및 세포질에서 작동하는 중요 대사경로의 10개 유전자들이 조사되었다. 나아가 암소에서 발아한 유식물체의 발아 초기 반응과 이후 3일간 빛을 주었을 때의 반응을 조사하였다. 역전사-중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)에 따르면, 유식물체의 발달 동안에 저장지방의 유동과 관련된 Thio2, ICL 및 MS 유전자는 항상 유사한 유전자 발현 양상을 나타냈다. 오이의 발아 초기에 BOU 유전자와 함께 ICL 및 MS 유전자의 공조된 발현은 퍼옥시좀과 미톤콘드리아 사이에 아세틸 단위의 2차 통로의 존재 가능성에 대한 강한 증거이다. 앞서 보고된 연구에서 보여준 BOU 활성에서처럼 BOU 유전자는 빛 의존성으로 암소에서는 세포막의 미약한 발달로 인하여 활성이 저하됨을 암시한다. 나머지의 유전자들은 떡잎이 초록색으로 발달하고 노쇠화 할 때까지 떡잎의 전 발달 기간 동안에 활성을 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 아세틸 단위의 운반에 대한 새로운 추가적 제안으로써 지방 저장 종자의 발아와 오이 떡잎의 발달과 관련된 유전자의 발현을 통해 처음으로 확인하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

Objectives: Rehmannia glutinosa pharmacopuncture solution (RGPS) was investigated to determine both its anti-allergic inflammatory effects on mast cells and its detailed mechanism of actions. Methods: We investigated whether RGPS suppress cytokines, enzymes, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with anti-DNP IgE/DNP-HSA. The suppressive effects of RGPS on the levels of cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and GM-CSF were measured using emzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of cytokines, enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2 and 5LO) and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}$ subunits were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The activation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling was examined using Western blot analyses. Results: RGPS suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and GM-CSF) in stimulated RBL-2H3 cells significantly (p < 0.05). RGPS also suppressed mRNA expression of inflammatory enzymes (HDC2, COX-1, COX-2, 5LO). In addition, mRNA expression levels of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\alpha}$, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\beta}$and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\gamma}$ were lowered by treatment with RGPS. Finally, RGPS prevented phosphrylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, Gab2, PLC ${\gamma}1/2$, PI3K, Akt, cPLA2 and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Conclusions: RGPS effectively suppresses mast cell activations such as degranulation and inflammatory response via down-regulation of the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated signaling pathways in IgE/Ag-stimulated mast cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

Influenza A virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family is a contagious respiratory pathogen that continues to evolve and burden in the human public health. It is able to spread efficiently from human to human and have the potential to cause pandemics with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been estimated that every year about 500 million people are infected with this virus, causing about approximately 0.25 to 0.5 million people deaths worldwide. Influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes by antigenicity based on their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. The sudden emergence of influenza A virus subtypes and access for epidemiological analysis of this subtypes demanded a rapid development of specific diagnostic tools. Also, rapid identification of the subtypes can help to determine the antiviral treatment, because the different subtypes have a different antiviral drug resistance patterns. In this study, our aim is to detect influenza A virus subtypes by using real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) which has high sensitivity and specificity through molecular beacon. Real-time NASBA is a method that able to shorten the time compare to other molecular diagnostic tools and is performed by isothermal condition. We selected major pandemic influenza A virus subtypes, H3N2 and H5N1. Three influenza A virus gene fragments such as HA, NA and matrix protein (M) gene were targeted. M gene is distinguished influenza A virus from other influenza virus. We designed specific primers and molecular beacons for HA, NA and M gene, respectively. In brief, the results showed that the specificity of the real-time NASBA was higher than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, time to positivity (TTP) of this method was shorter than real-time PCR. This study suggests that the rapid detection of neo-appearance pandemic influenza A virus using real-time NASBA has the potential to determine the subtypes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2012

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections and is predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC strains generally possess several genes encoding virulent factors, which are mostly adhesins, toxins, bacteriocin and siderophores. E. coli is composed of four main phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, D) and virulent extra-intestinal strains mainly belong to groups B2 and D. Prescription of ciprofloxacin, a kind of fluoroquinolone group antibiotics, is increasing now a days, but resistance to this drug is also increasing. A total of 188 strains of E. coli were collected. Thirteen strains were collected from healthy students in 2011 and 175 strains from patients with urinary tract infection in 2010. Virulence factor genes (papC, fimG/H, sfaD/E, hlyA, cnf1, and usp) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, D) detection. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method. The identified virulence factors (VFs), phylogenetic groups and ciprofloxacin resistance in 13 E. coli strains isolated from healthy students were papC (15.4%), fimG/H (76.9%), sfaD/E (30.8%), hlyA (23.1%), cnf1 (23.1%), usp (7.7%), phylogenetic group A (23%), B1 (8%), B2 (46%), D (23%) and ciprofloxacin resistance (7.7%), while those of in 175 E. coli strains isolated from patients with UTI were papC (41.1%), fimG/H (92.5%), sfaD/E (30.3%), hlyA (10.3%), cnf1 (30.3%), usp (27.4%), phylogenetic group A (9.1%), B1 (5.1%), B2 (60.6%), D (25.1%) and ciprofloxacin resistance (29.7%). In this study, 10 out of 13 E. coli strains (76.9%) from healthy students were found to possess more than one virulence factor associated with adhesion. In addition, one E. coli strain isolated from healthy students who had never been infected with UPEC showed ciprofloxacin resistance. According to these results between the virulence factors and phylogenetic groups it was closely associated, and UPEC strains isolated from patients showed high level of ciprofloxacin resistance.