• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2005

Cytokines interleukin (IL) 12 and 23 play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. They are members of heterodimeric cytokines, sharing a subunit p40. Although IL12/23 p40 is mainly induced in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) after stimulation with microbial Toll-like receptor ligands, methods to monitor the cells that produce IL12/23 p40 in vivo are limited. Recently, the mouse model to track p40-expressing cells with fluorescent reporter, yellow fluorescent protein, has been developed. Macrophages and DCs from these mice faithfully reported p40 induction using the fluorescent marker. Here we took advantage of these reporter mice to screen bio-compounds for p40-inducing activity. After screening hundreds of compounds, we found several extracts inducing IL12/23 p40 gene expression. Treatment of DCs with these extracts induced the expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, which implies that these might be useful as adjuvants. Next, the in vivo target immune cells of candidate compounds were examined. The reporter system can be useful to identify cells producing IL12 or IL23 in vivo as well as in vitro. Thus, our cytokine reporter system proved to be a valuable reagent for screening for immunostimulatory molecules and identification of target cells in vivo.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2012

In For the past few years, query log data has been collected to find user's behavior in using the site. Many researches have studied on the usage of query logs to extract user's preference, recommend personalization, improve caching and pre-fetching of Web objects, build better adaptive user interfaces, and also to improve Web search for a search engine application. A query log contain data such as the client's IP address, time and date of request, the resources or page requested, status of request HTTP method used and the type of browser and operating system. A query log can offer valuable insight into web site usage. A proper compilation and interpretation of query log can provide a baseline of statistics that indicate the usage levels of website and can be used as tool to assist decision making in management activities. In this paper we want to discuss on the tasks performed of query logs in pre-processing of web usage mining. We will use query logs from an online newspaper company. The query logs will undergo pre-processing stage, in which the clickstream data is cleaned and partitioned into a set of user interactions which will represent the activities of each user during their visits to the site. The query logs will undergo essential task in pre-processing which are data cleaning and user identification.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2017

Salt stress is one of the most limiting factors that reduce plant growth, development and yield. However, identification of salt-inducible genes is an initial step for understanding the adaptive response of plants to salt stress. In this study, we used an annealing control primer (ACP) based GeneFishing technique to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Italian ryegrass seedlings under salt stress. Ten-day-old seedlings were exposed to 100 mM NaCl for 6 h. Using 60 ACPs, a total 8 up-regulated genes were identified and sequenced. We identified several promising genes encoding alpha-glactosidase b, light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein, metallothionein-like protein 3B-like, translation factor SUI, translation initiation factor eIF1, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 and elongation factor 1-alpha. These genes were mostly involved in plant development, signaling, ROS detoxification and salt acclimation. However, this study provides new molecular information of several genes to understand the salt stress response. These genes would be useful for the enhancement of salt stress tolerance in plants.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2019

주어진 회귀자료에 유한혼합회귀모형을 적합하는 경우 적절한 성분의 수를 선택하고 선택된 각각의 회귀모형에서 의미있는 예측변수들의 집합을 선택하며 동시에 편의와 변동이 작은 회귀계수 추정치들을 얻는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 혼합선형회귀모형에서 성분의 개수와 회귀계수에 벌점함수를 적용하여 적절한 성분의 수와 각 성분의 회귀모형에 필요한 설명변수들을 동시에 선택하는 방법을 제시하였다. 성분에 대한 벌점은 성분들의 로그값에 SCAD 벌점함수를 적용하였고 회귀계수들에는 SCAD와 더불어 MCP 및 Adplasso 벌점함수들을 사용하여 가상자료와 실제자료들에 대한 결과를 비교하였다. SCAD-SCAD 벌점함수 조합과 SCAD-MCP 조합의 경우 기존의 Luo 등 (2008)의 방법에서 문제가 되었던 과적합 문제를 해결함과 동시에 선택된 성분의 수와 회귀계수들을 효과적으로 선택하였으며 회귀계수들의 추정치에 대한 편의도 크지 않았다. 본 연구는 성분의 수가 알려져 있지 않은 회귀자료에서 적절한 성분의 수와 더불어 각 성분에 대한 회귀모형에서 모형에 필요한 예측변수들을 동시에 선택하는 방법을 제시하였다는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

교통사고와 사회·경제적 손실 간의 연계성이 확인됨에 따라 사고 데이터에 기반을 둔 안전 정책 마련 및 중상·사망 등 그 심각도가 높은 교통사고의 절감 방안의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인구 대비 교통사고 사망자 비율이 높은 대전시를 대상지역으로 설정하고 보행자 교통사고 데이터를 수집한 후, 기계학습을 통해 최적알고리즘과 심각도 분류의 주요 인자를 도출하였다. 연구의 결과에 따르면, 적용한 9개 알고리즘 중 앙상블 기반의 학습 기법인 AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting)와 RF (Random Forest)가 최적의 성능을 보여주었다. 이를 기반으로 도출된 대전시 보행자 교통사고 심각도의 주요 인자는 보행자의 연령이 70대 및 20대이거나 사고유형이 횡단사고에 의한 경우로 나타남에 따라 대전시 보행자 사고 저감 대책을 위한 고려요인으로 제안하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.785-795
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• 2022

Traditional germplasms are unsuitable for mechanized production, limiting adzuki bean production. The creation of cultivars that can be harvested by mechanized means is an urgent task for breeders. The bottom pod height (BPH), lodging resistance, and synchronous maturing of adzuki beans are critical factors for the reduction of losses due to mechanized harvesting. In this study, 14 traits of 806 adzuki bean accessions were analyzed. All growth stages and the yield, lodging score, and synchronous maturing correlated negatively with the BPH. These negative correlations reflect the increased difficulty of breeding to simultaneously satisfy the needs for no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, BPHs > 10 cm, and high yield. We screened three germplasms with no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, and BPHs > 10 cm that were used as mechanization-adapted breeding material for crossing with high-yield cultivars. Agronomic trait diversity in adzuki beans was also examined in this study. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted for 806 germplasms resulting in three clusters with the yield and three growth stage traits serving as the main discriminating factors. Cluster 1 included high-yield germplasms with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod being the major discriminant factors. Cluster 2 included germplasms with long growth periods and large 100-seed weights while cluster 3 contained germplasms with high BPHs. In general, the characteristics that make mechanical harvesting feasible and those assessed in this study could be utilized to choose and enhance adzuki beans production.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2023

In this study, pneumonia identification networks with the small number of layers were constructed by using chest X-ray images. The networks had similar trainable-parameters, and the performance of the trained models was quantitatively evaluated with the modification of the network architectures. A total of 6 networks were constructed: convolutional neural network (CNN), VGGNet, GoogleNet, residual network with identity blocks, ResNet with bottleneck blocks and ResNet with identity and bottleneck blocks. Trainable parameters for the 6 networks were set in a range of 273,921-294,817 by adjusting the output channels of convolution layers. The network training was implemented with binary cross entropy (BCE) loss function, sigmoid activation function, adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer and 100 epochs. The performance of the trained models was evaluated in terms of training time, accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F1-score. The results showed that the trained models with the small number of layers precisely detect pneumonia from chest X-ray images. In particular, the overall quantitative performance of the trained models based on the ResNets was above 0.9, and the performance levels were similar or superior to those based on the CNN, VGGNet and GoogleNet. Also, the residual blocks affected the performance of the trained models based on the ResNets. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated that the object detection networks with the small number of layers are suitable for detecting pneumonia using chest X-ray images. And, the trained models based on the ResNets can be optimized by applying appropriate residual-blocks.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : Sleep disturbances in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are related to health problems after discharge. Therefore, active prevention and management are required. Hence, identification of the factors that affect sleep in patients who are critically ill is necessary. Methods : The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Selection criteria were observational and experimental studies that assessed sleep as an outcome, included adult patients admitted to the ICU, and published between November 2015 and April 2022. Results : A total of 21,136 articles were identified through search engines and manual searches, and 42 articles were selected. From these, 22 influencing factors and 11 interventions were identified. Individual factors included disease severity, age, pain, delirium, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, sex, sleep disturbance before hospitalization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low hemoglobin (Hb), and low respiratory rate (RR). Environmental factors included light level, noise level, and temperature. Furthermore, treatment-related factors included use of sedatives, melatonin administration, sleep management guidelines, ventilator application, nursing treatment, and length of ICU stay. Regarding sleep interventions, massage, eye mask and earplugs, quiet time and multicomponent protocols, aromatherapy, acupressure, sounds of the sea, adaptive intervention, circulation lighting, and single occupation in a room were identified. Conclusion : Based on these results, we propose the development and application of various interventions to improve sleep quality in patients who are critically ill.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.47.1-47.16
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• 2023

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Despite many attempts to develop a protective strategy, an effective preventive vaccine has not been developed. The identification of appropriate Ags that cover diverse antigenic strains and provide long-lasting immunity is a fundamental challenge in the development of a scrub typhus vaccine. We investigated whether this limitation could be overcome by harnessing the nanoparticle-forming polysorbitol transporter (PST) for an O. tsutsugamushi vaccine strategy. Two target proteins, 56-kDa type-specific Ag (TSA56) and surface cell Ag A (ScaA) were used as vaccine candidates. PST formed stable nano-size complexes with TSA56 (TSA56-PST) and ScaA (ScaA-PST); neither exhibited cytotoxicity. The formation of Ag-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in mice was enhanced by intranasal vaccination with TSA56-PST or ScaA-PST. The vaccines containing PST induced Ag-specific proliferation of CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells. Furthermore, the vaccines containing PST improved the mouse survival against O. tsutsugamushi infection. Collectively, the present study indicated that PST could enhance both Ag-specific humoral immunity and T cell response, which are essential to effectively confer protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection. These findings suggest that PST has potential for use in an intranasal vaccination strategy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.570-590
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• 2024

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of malignancy and foremost cause of death by cancer worldwide. It is not preventable. Early and precise detection is the only remedy for lowering the rate of mortality and improving the probability of survival for victims. In contrast to present procedures, thermography aids in the early diagnosis of cancer and thereby saves lives. But the accuracy experiences detrimental impact by low sensitivity for small and deep tumours and the subjectivity by physicians in interpreting the images. Employing deep learning approaches for cancer detection can enhance the efficacy. This study explored the utilization of thermography in early identification of breast cancer with the use of a publicly released dataset known as the DMR-IR dataset. For this purpose, we employed a novel approach that entails the utilization of a pre-trained MobileNetV2 model and fine tuning it through transfer learning techniques. We created three models using MobileNetV2: one was a baseline transfer learning model with weights trained from ImageNet dataset, the second was a fine-tuned model with an adaptive learning rate, and the third utilized early stopping with callbacks during fine-tuning. The results showed that the proposed methods achieved average accuracy rates of 85.15%, 95.19%, and 98.69%, respectively, with various performance indicators such as precision, sensitivity and specificity also being investigated.