• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2005년도 춘계 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
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• pp.153-154
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• 2005

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2009

There are relatively few novel antimicrobial agents despite the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance and multiple drug resistance of clinical isolates worldwide. Vancomycin is still the most widely used antibiotic for treating resistant Gram-positive coccal infections in children, especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. For children with Gram-positive coccal infections where vancomycin is not effective or older therapeutic agents cannot be tolerated, linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin or daptomycin may be useful in the appropriate clinical setting. For Gram-negative bacterial infections, new carbapenems await clinical application. Tebipenem pivoxil is a novel oral carbapenem undergoing clinical trials for acute otitis media in pediatric patients. Antiviral drug development is now progressing at the pace of antibiotic development 30 years ago. Newer antiviral agents used for the treatment of herpes viruses and hepatitis C virus infections in children are included in this review.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2020

Background: Pain during the developmental period may adversely affect developing neuronal pathways and result in adverse neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral effects in later life. Immunizations, e.g., hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), administered at birth are painful experiences to which neonates are universally subjected. Purpose: Here we aimed to study and compare the effectiveness of various nonpharmacological pain management methods in newborns to enable the development of safe and effective analgesic methods for newborns. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in the Himalayan region. Three hundred term healthy neonates were divided into 6 groups of 50 each. Groups 1-5 were intervention groups, patients of which received a nonpharmacological intervention (breastfeeding, nonnutritive sucking, rocking, 25% sucrose, or distilled water) before the intramuscular HBV, while patients in group 6 received no intervention. The pain response in each group after the HBV injection was assessed and compared using cry duration and Douleur Aigue Nveau-ne (DAN) score, a behavioral acute pain rating scale for newborns. Results: Cry duration was decreased in all intervention groups, significantly so in the sucrose (19.90 seconds), breastfeeding (31.57 seconds), and nonnutritive sucking (36.93 seconds) groups compared with controls (52.86 seconds). DAN scores decreased significantly (P<0.05) at one or more points i.e. 30, 60, or 120 seconds in the breastfeeding and 25% sucrose intervention groups compared with controls. Conclusion: Oral sucrose and nonnutritive sucking are simple yet underutilized nonpharmacological interventions that effectively reduce pain in newborns.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1982

Hepatoscintigram has been a useful diagnostic method for the liver diseases since 1953, but reasonable diagnostic criteria for parenchymal liver diseases are not yet accurately established. For the purpose of searching for more advanced diagnostic criteria for various types of live disease by the liver scan, a retrospective study was made of 272 cases who underwent both hepatoscintigram with 198 Au colloid and liver biopsy in Hanynag University Hospital from Jan., 1978 to Dec., 1981. The results were as follows: 1. Fuzzy margin (irregular indentation of the liver margin) in the hepatoscintigram was noted in 226 cases (97.79%). 2. Of 35 cases with fuzzy margin only, 28 cases (80%) revealed mild parenchymal liver disease, such as acute hepatitis or chronic persistent hepatitis by the liver biopsy. 3. Mottling change (209 cases) was always accompanied by fuzzy margin except only one case, and 31 cases (86.1%) of fuzzy and mottling cases (36 cases) showed mild parenchymal liver disease. 4. Configuration change (193 cases) was usually accompanied with other changes and espicially 104 cases had configuration change with fuzzy and mottling changes. 73 cases (88.44%) of 86 cases with severe configuration change revealed advanced parenchymal liver disease on biopsy. If liver scan showed mild configuration change, we could not decide the type of liver disease only liver scan, and so further studies are needed. 5. Splenic uptake was noted in 34 cases (40.48%) of 84 cases with advanced parenchymal liver disease, and the degree of splenic uptake was for the most part morderate or severe; whereas splenic uptake was noted in 18 cases (16.51%) of the mild parenchymal liver disease (109 cases), and the degree of splenic uptake was largely mild.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.307-311
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• 1992

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are one of the most frequent symptoms in viral hepatits patients. These may be due to poorly detoxified substances by dysfunctioned hepatocytes or by gastritis, but the pathophysiology is not totally understood. The symptoms interfere with adequate nutrient intake and are managed by metoclopramide, which accelerates gastric emptying. Thus delayed gastric emptying may well be a contributing factor to such symptoms. To determine such a relationship, we measured gastric emptying time in 11 normal subjects,9 acute (AVH), and 12 chronic B viral hepatitis (CVH) patients. All were males with a mean age of 23 years. An egg was labeled with 0.5 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-sulfur$ colloid, fried, then eaten between 2 slices of bread with 100 cc of water. Anterior and posterior images were taken at 20 minute intervals over a 2 hour period. A geometric mean of activity pertaining to the gastric region was measured, and $T_{1/2}$ was calculated from the time activity curve. $T_{1/2}$ for normal the group was $57.8{\pm}6.3$ minutes while that for the AVH and CVH group was $58.2{\pm}8.2$ (p=0.40) and $64.1{\pm}10.5$ (p=0.09), respectively. There was 1 AVH Patient and 4 CVH patients with prolonged $T_{1/2}$. Anorexia and nausea was seen in 71% and 46% of the patients, respectively. 80% and 60% of the patients with prolonged $T_{1/2}$ had anorexia and nausea, respectively.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.192-201
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• 2008

Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma receptor B1 (EPHB1) is a member of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate vascular system development. Eph receptor overexpression has been observed in various cancers and is related to the malignant transformation, metastasis, and differentiation of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eph receptors regulate cell migration and attachment to the extracellular matrix by modulating integrin activity. EphrinB1, the ligand of EPHB1, has been shown to regulate HCC carcinogenesis. Here, we sought to determine whether EPHB1 polymorphisms are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected liver diseases, including chronic liver disease (CLD) and HCC. We genotyped 26 EPHB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 399 Korean CLD, HCC, and LD (CLD+HCC) cases and seroconverted controls (HBV clearance, CLE) using the GoldenGate assay. Two SNPs (rs6793828 and rs11717042) and 1 haplotype that were composed of these SNPs were associated with an increased risk for CLD, HCC, and LD (CLD+HCC) compared with CLE. Haplotypes that could be associated with HBV-infected liver diseases by affecting downstream signaling were located in the Eph tyrosine kinase domain of EPHB1. Therefore, we suggest that EPHB1 SNPs, haplotypes, and diplotypes may be genetic markers for the progression of HBV-associated acute hepatitis to CLD and HCC.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2015

The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intensity levels of C. sinensis. Extensive periductal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis were commonly observed during the infection. The different pathological responses in liver tissues strongly correlated with the infection intensity of C. sinensis. Massive acute spotty necrosis occurred in the liver parenchyma after a severe infection. The iNOS activity in liver tissues increased, and iNOS-expressing cells with morphological differences were observed after a moderate or severe infection. The iNOS-expressing cells in liver tissues had multiple origins.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2009

To figure out the epidemiological status and relevance with other diseases in toxoplasmosis, we checked serum IgG antibody titers of 1,265 patients and medical records of seropositive patients. Seropositive rates were 6.6% by latex agglutination test (LAT) and 6.7% by ELISA. No significant differences were detected between sexes and age groups. The peak seroprevalence was detected in the 40-49-year-old age group. According to clinical department, Toxoplasma-positive rates were high in patients in psychiatry, ophthalmology, health management, emergency medicine, and thoracic surgery. Major coincidental diseases in seropositive cases were malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, chronic hepatitis B, chronic renal diseases, schizophrenia, and acute lymphadenitis, in the order of frequency. In particular, some patients with chronic hepatitis B and malignant neoplasms had high antibody titers. These results revealed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in a general hospital-based study was similar to that in a community-based study, and T. gondii seropositivity may be associated with neoplasms, diabetes, and other chronic infections.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

We have synthesized $^{99m}$Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-biocytin as a new imaging agent for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy in differentiating carbon tetrachloride ( $CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity from $\alpha$-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, which reflecting the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice caused by neonatal hepatitis from congenital biliary atresia in humans. Methods: Balb/c mice (female, 20 g, n=4-6) were pretreated with $CCl_4$(0.5 or $1.0m\ell$/kg) and ANIT ($150 or 300 m\ell$/kg) 18 h before scintigraphy. Biochemical and histopathological examinations showed a pattern of typical acute hepatitis (increase of transaminases and hepatocellular necnsis) in $CCl_4$-treated mice and cholestasis (increase of alkaline phosphatase and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, and biliary hyperplasia) in ANIT-treated mice, respectively, Mice were fasted at least 4 hr prior to the intravenous injection of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin (18.5 MBq/20$\mu\textrm{g}$) in 2% human serum albumin in saline. Scintigraphy was performed with a ${\gamma}$-camera equipped with a 1-mm diameter pin-hole collimator for 30 min and images were acquired every 15 s. We compared the values of physical parameters, such as peak liver/heart ratio ($${\gamma}$_{max}$) and peak ratio time ($t_{max}$) far $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy. Results: Scintigraphic parameters of the $CCl_4$-pretreated (0.5 $m\ell$/kg) group showed a 81.9% decrease of r$_{max}$, and 42.2% decrease of $t_{max}$, whereas the ANIT-pretreated ( $150m\ell$/kg) group showed a 53% decrease of $r_{max}$, and 2.36-fold increase of $t_{max}$, (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the decrease of $r_{max}$ and the shortening of $t_{max}$ are characteristic features for hepatotoxicity, in contrast to the increase of $t_{max}$ and decrease of $r_{max}$ for biliary hyperplasia. Conclusion: $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin hepatobiliary scintigraphy can distinguish hepatitis from cholestasis in mice model and may be similarly useful in humans which differentiating the cause of neonatal jaundice in clinical study.cal study.cal study.cal study.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2014

식중독 유발 바이러스인 HAV는 제 1군 감염병원으로 규정되면서 감염 시 원인식품을 빠르게 분석하게 되었으며 그로 인해 정확하면서 빠른 검출기술을 요구하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 HAV에 오염된 상추에서 신속하게 바이러스를 검사하기 위해서 IMS를 통하여 신속하게 HAV를 순수 분리 및 농축하였고, 형광물질인 quantum dot을 활용하여 형광검출을 실시하였다. 또한 일반적으로 바이러스 농축에 사용되는 PEG 농축방법과 비교하였을 때 검출능은 유사한 결과를 얻었으나, 농축시간 면에서는 IMS를 통한 방법이 효과적이었다. 또한 IMS 방법으로 확보된 항원을 Quantum dot을 활용하여 10분 이내에 바이러스를 검출할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 검출기반은 식품 유통 과정 중 다양한 식중독 바이러스로부터 소비자를 보호 할 수 있는 검사방법으로 활용될 수 있다고 기대된다.