• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.448-455
• /
• 2016

Diffuse pollution management in Korea initiated by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) resulted to the construction of pilot facilities termed Best Management Practices (BMPs). Twelve BMPs installed for the diffuse pollution management in the Kyung-An Stream were monitored since 2006. Data on the mass loading, removal efficiency, maintenance activities, etc. were gathered and utilized to conduct the evaluation of long-term performance of BMPs. The financial data such as actual construction, design and maintenance cost were also collected to evaluate the lifecycle cost (LCC) of BMPs. In this study, most of the maintenance activity was focused in the aesthetic maintenance that resulted to the annual maintenance cost of the four BMP types was closely similar ranging from 8,483 $/yr for retention pond to 8,888 $/yr infiltration system. The highest LCC were observed in constructed wetland ($418,324) while vegetated system had the lowest LCC ($210,418). LCC of BMPs was not so high as compared with the conventional treatment facility and sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, the relationship of removal efficiency on unit cost for TSS and TN was significant. This study will be used to design the cost effective BMP for diffuse pollution management and become models for LCC analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we present a motion-driven rowing simulation framework that allows multiple players to row a boat together by their harmonized movements. In the actual rowing game, it is crucial for the players to synchronize their rowing with respect to time and pose so as to accelerate the boat. Inspired by this interesting feature, we measure the motion similarity among multiple players in real time while they are doing rowing motions and use it to control the velocity of the boat in a virtual environment. We also employ game components such as catching an item which can accelerate or decelerate the boat depending on its type for a moment once it has been obtained by synchronized catching behaviors of the players. By these components, the players can be encouraged to more actively participate in the training for a good teamwork to produce harmonized rowing movements Our methods for the motion recognition for rowing and item catch require the tracking data only for the head and the both hands and are fast enough to facilitate the real-time performance. In order to enhance immersiveness of the virtual environment, we project the rowing simulation result on a wide curved screen.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1991.10b
• /
• pp.1649-1654
• /
• 1991

In 1995 the VSOP satellite, which is called MUSES-B in Japan, will be launched under the VLBI Space Observatory Programme(VSOP) promoted by ISAS(Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) of Japan. We are now developing the GPS Receiver(GPSR) and On-board Orbit Determination System. This paper describes the GPS(Global Positioning System), VSOP, GPSR(GPS Receiver system) configuration and the results of the GPS system analysis. The GPSR consists of three GPS antennas and 5 channel receiver package. In the receiver package, there are two 16 bits microprocessing units. The power consumption is 25 Watts in average and the weight is 8.5 kg. Three GPS antennas on board enable GPSR to receive GPS signals from any NAVSTARs(GPS satellites) which are visible. NAVSATR's visibility is described as follows. The VSOP satellite flies from 1, 000 km to 20, 000 km in height on the elliptical orbit around the earth. On the other hand, the orbit of NAVSTARs are nearly circular and about 20, 000 km in height. GPSR can't receive the GPS signals near the apogee, because NAVSTARs transmit the GPS signals through the NAVSTAR's narrow beam antennas directed toward the earth. However near the perigee, GPSR can receive from 12 to 15 GPS signals. More than 4 GPS signals can be received for 40 minutes, which are related to GDOP(Geometric Dillusion Of Precision of selected NAVSTARs). Because there are a lot of visible NAVSTARs, GDOP is small near the perigee. This is a favorqble condition for GPSR. Orbit determination system onboard VSOP satellite consists of a Kalman filter and a precise orbit propagator. Near the perigee, the Kalman filter can eliminate the orbit propagation error using the observed data by GPSR. Except a perigee, precise onboard orbit propagator propagates the orbit, taking into account accelerations such as gravities of the earth, the sun, the moon, and other acceleration caused by the solar pressure. But there remain some amount of calculation and integration errors. When VSOP satellite returns to the perigee, the Kalman filter eliminates the error of the orbit determined by the propagator. After the error is eliminated, VSOP satellite flies out towards an apogee again. The analysis of the orbit determination is performed by the covariance analysis method. Number of the states of the onboard filter is 8. As for a true model, we assume that it is based on the actual error dynamics that include the Selective Availability of GPS called 'SA', having 17 states. Analytical results for position and velocity are tabulated and illustrated, in the sequel. These show that the position and the velocity error are about 40 m and 0.008 m/sec at the perigee, and are about 110 m and 0.012 m/sec at the apogee, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.615-624
• /
• 2003

The most accurate method to assess bone level is the histometric measurement. However it causes discomfort in patients and damage to the regenerated tissues. in the present study, we used 4 type regenerative therapies, The present study evaluated the clinical reliability and accuracy of bone probing measurements and radiographic bone level in the assessment of bone level by comparing those results with histometric confirmed bone level. Twentyfour(24) intrabony defects(4${\times}$4mm 1-wall intrabony defects) were surgically created in the mandibular second and fourth premolars of 6 beagle dogs. The control group underwent a conventional flap operation. Experimental group I was treated with calcium phosphate glass only, and while experimental group 2 was treated with GTR and experimental group 3 was treated with calcium phosphate glass and GTR. The subjects were sacrificed 8 weeks after the operation and a bone probing measurements, radiographic measurement and histometric measurement was performed. The correlation between bone probing measurements(BP) and histometric measurement(HL), and radiographic measurement(RL) and histometric measurement(HL) were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation analysis and the statistical significance with respect to the type of regenerative therapies was analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test. The coefficient of correlation to HL was 0.73 for RL and 0.90 for BP. The type of regenerative therapies had no significant effect on the difference between HL and other measurements. The results of this study suggests that bone probing measurements most closely represents actual bone level. So bone probing measurements may be a good clinical method for assessing the hone level following any type of periodontal regenerative therapies.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.495-503
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of humidifier disinfectant-like products (HD-like products) and humidifier disinfectant products (HD products) and introduce actual cases of the usage of HD-like products in hospitals based on an on-site investigation. Methods: The characteristics, chemical components, and usage of HD-like products (Hichlor or Biospot) and HD products (N-with) containing NaDCC (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) were compared. In the process of conducting the on-site investigation, four hospitals were identified as previously using HD-like products. Each on-site investigation to identify the use of HD-like products was composed of four parts: 1) hospital infection control guidelines, 2) manual for humidifiers in patient's rooms, 3) interviews with nursing staff, infection managers, and purchase managers, 4) searching on the product purchase system. Results: Although HD-like products (Hichlor and Biospot) and HD products (N-with) were sold for different usage purposes, they were all white-colored and coin-shaped foaming tablets with the same chemical component, NaDCC. The manual for using HD-like products and HD products was similar (inserting the tablet in a humidifier container with water). Among the four hospitals, one had used Hichlor in the same manner as HD (N-with) by inserting a tablet in 1L of water in a filled humidifier container and Biospot as a kind of detergent for humidifier container cleaning. Another two hospitals had used Biospot and/or Aniosyme as a kind of detergent for humidifier container cleaning. The other hospital had used unknown product in the same manner as N-with, so we thus assumed it was either an HD products (N-with) or HD-like products (Hichlor, Biospot). Conclusion: This study raises the possibility of the development of adverse health effects similar to exposure to an HD-products when exposed to an HD-like products and the possibility of further use in other medical institutions or multi-use facilities. Therefore, an expansion of the investigation is needed in order to confirm whether there have been similar cases in the past.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects a music group therapy program has on cognitive function and life satisfaction. We targeted the elderly who are receiving service at a daycare center. This study monitored seventeen elderly subjects who were available for language communication, walking, and defecation function even if the subject had a slight mind-body function disorder based on using the service of the daycare facilities. The subjects visited each of the welfare centers one week prior to the Korean classical music group therapy program. We conducted a pre-test of MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination, Korean version) modified by Park and Gwon(1989). We also supplemented the MMSE developed by Folstein(1975) and LSI-A(Life Satisfaction Index) for the elderly developed by Neugarten, Havighurst and Tobin(1961). We conducted the Korean classical music group therapy program for 15 sessions at 50 minutes each for 1~2 times a week from July 9 to September 13, 2013 at the daycare center for OO senior welfare center. The welfare center belongs to the experimental group, excluding the OO general welfare center, which is the control group. Finally, we carried out the post-test of the MMSE-K and LSI-A in the same manner as the pre-test. We carried out the post-test on July 17, 2013, 4 days after concluding the Korean classical music group therapy program. A t-test was used in order to analyze the differences in cognitive function and life satisfaction according to each group. We used SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. This study has significance by proving that the use of Korean classical music is conducive in the improvement of cognitive function and life satisfaction of the elderly at the daycare facilities. Also, we presented the actual contents of the study to the clinical field.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 2015

As the demand for urban business hotel has increased in the recent years due to the sharp rise in overseas tourists, the potential of business hotel development has gained in financial attention for the real estate investment. However, its concept and business domain has not been defined, and none of investment guidance for the development has not been clarified. Accordingly, this report intends to define the concept of urban business hotel in perspective of real estate investment through prior case studies and literature review, and provide the structure of determinants which control its investment decisions. Furthermore, this study develops the weight of determinants depending on the type of investment, and evaluate the two actual projects in urban area of Seoul, differed from investment type: direct and indirect, based on AHP and Fuzzy methodologies. Research finding indicate that the financial factors affecting the sales and tour business condition factors are critical determinants regardless of investment type. And it is notable that the direct investment perspective pays more attention on the finance and investment associated determinants while the indirect one more focuses on the regional and environmental ones. From the analysis of case evaluation, it is also noteworthy that the direct investors turn out to be more conservative than indirect investors due to the risk of equity capital investment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2018

To control manage environmental load during construction work, it is required to ascertain an accurate quantity for materials those are using during the construction. In construction industrial nowadays, especially on design part, there are lots of mistakes occurred on quantity take-off between plan documents and actual work. That mistakes are caused by omission of design items, overcount because of interference each materials or simple calculate error. Besides, in case of a construction project, engineers are impossible to design perfectly due to a lot of invalid variable in a construction site. Thus, design errors and changes occur frequently in the process of construction work or design due to such unclear elements. And in case of LCA assessment based on 2D design, there is difficult for an engineer who is in charge to calculate the volume of materials manually using drawings and relevant specifications. This study is aimed for examining and verifying a high reliable method of evaluating environmental load which is useful in construction process through comparing LCA analysis. In addition, this study provides the method of calculating the volume of materials and LCA assessment in working on the basis of 2D design, using the specifications which is used for LCA evaluation, and possibility of utilizing the LCA assessment by introducing BIM design technic to improve the former problem through comparing and analyzing the previous method with 3D-based evaluation process.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to develop an algorithm for predicting sediment discharge by debris flow, and develop GIS-based decision support system for optimal arrangement of check dam. Method: The average stream width and flow length were used to predict the cumulative sediment discharge by debris flow. At this time, the amount of slope failure on source area and average flow length were utilized as input factors. Result: The predicted sediment discharge calculated through the algorithm was 1.1 times different on average compared to the actual sediment discharge by debris flow. In addition, the program is an objective indicator that selects the location and size of the check dam, and it can help practitioners make rational decisions. Conclusion: The soil erosion control works are being implemented every year. Therefore, it is expected that the GIS-based decision support system for location and size of the check dam will contribute to the prevention of sediment-related disasters.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.594-597
• /
• 2004

Effects of various levels and molecular weights (MWs) of chitooligosaccharides and chitosan with pork salt-soluble protein (SSP) on pH, moisture (%), viscosity, and hardness of protein-chitosan mixtures were determined in a model study. Mixtures of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45% chitosan at various MWs (Low, 1.5 kDa; Medium, 30-50 kDa; High, 200 kDa) were dissolved in 3% SSP solution for measurement of pH and viscosity at $20^{\circ}C$. pH value increased with addition of 0.45% low MW of chitooligosacchearides into SSP (p<0.05), whereas decreased with addition of 0.45% medium MW and 0.3% or higher level of high MW chitosan. Viscosity increased with addition of more than 0.3% either medium or high MW chitosan (p<0.05), as compared to mixture with low MW chitolligosaccharide and control (p<0.05). No differences in gel pH, moisture, and hardness values were observed among treatments (p>0.05). Further study will be performed to evaluate rheological properties actual meat products with various levels and MWs of chitosan.