• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Prior studies have shown positive effects of outdoor activities on the elderly's physical, mental and social health. 'Active aging' and 'age-friendly' neighborhood can be created by modifying the experiences and perceptions of the outdoor environment. This study aims to investigate the outdoor activities of the elderly living in a low-income elderly concentrated area and their perception of the neighborhood environment. We also explored the context of interactions between the facilitators and inhibitors of outdoor activities on the basis of temporal, spatial, and social conditions. We used a mixed method approach by collecting two different types of qualitative GIS data : observation maps of the main places and individual cognitive maps with in-depth interviews. The observational map analysis indicated that the preferred places and activity patterns differ by age, gender, and size of the group. The cognitive map and interviews demonstrated that the elderly's activity goals and perception of the landscape differ by places such as forests, parks, streams, open-spaces, vegetable gardens, and alleys. The elderly's desire for outdoor activities can be better fulfilled when their front doors and alleys are well-connected to an open-sight pleasant space. Familiarity is an important factor for the elderly, therefore it is important to remove the psychological and physical barriers by increasing the legibility and accessibility of places. In addition, social interactions and conflicts can have a significant influence on the elderly's occupation of space in the neighborhood environment.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to determine the impact of an instrumental daily living activity program for adults with developmental disabilities on their daily living activities and quality of life (QOL). Methods : This study used a single-group pre-test-post-test experimental design. Participants comprised 17 adults with developmental disabilities from the Welfare Center for the Disabled. This program consisted of 10 sessions, including pre- and post-assessments, pertaining to training and education on grocery shopping, meal preparation and cleaning, home management, safety, and emergency management. The evaluation tools used in this study were the Quality of Life Questionnaire, Korean version of the Life Space Assessment (K-LSA), and Korean version of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL). Results : There was a statistically significant difference in the QOL and K-IADL scores before and after the instrumental activities of daily living occupational therapy program, and there was no statistically significant difference in the K-LSA scores. Conclusion : This study confirmed that implementing an IADL program for adults with developmental disabilities had a positive impact on performance and QOL. For adults with developmental disabilities to participate in daily life and society, interventions for work participation, including training in activities of daily living, must be expanded.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.803-810
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• 1998

We have studied the catalytic combustion of soot particulate over perovskite-type oxides prepared by malic acid method. The catalysts were modified to enhance the activity by substitution of metal into A or B site of perovskite oxide. In addition, the reaction conditions, such as temperature, $O_2$ concentration, space velocity have been studied. The effect of $SO_2$ pretreatment and water introduced into reactants were also examined. In the $LaCoO_3$ catalyst, the partial substitution of alkali metals into A site enhanced the catalytic activity in the combustion of soot particulate and the activity was shown in the order : Cs>K>Na; In the $La_{0.6}Cs_{0.4}CoO_3 $; catalyst, the substitution of Fe or Mn showed no effect on the ignition temperature. The ignition temperature decreased with increasing $O_2$ concentration and contact time. The introduction of water into reactants feed decreased the ignition temperature and the pretreatment of $SO_2$ showed no effect on the catalytic activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 1998

Reactivity of Pt catalysts(0.2, 0.5 wt% Pt) supported on solid super acid, $ZrO_2$ $SO_4{^{2-}}$ for low-temperature oxidation was investigated for complete oxidation of cyclohexane. Catalytic activity measured as reactant conversion in a packed-bed tubular reactor increased in accordance with the acidity and specific surface area of the catalyst activity and specific surface area of $Pt/ZrO_2$ $SO_4{^{2-}}$ catalyst were diminished by adding potassium during catalyst preparation. the catalyst activity decreased in accordance with the amount of potassium added. In addition, $Pt/ZrO_2$ $SO_4{^{2-}}$ catalyst exhibited an activity greater than that of a $Pt/SiO_2$ or $Pt/Al_2O_3$ catalyst possessing much larger specific surface area at $250^{\circ}C$ for the reactant stream of 15.000 ppm cyclohexane concentration and $18,000hr^{-1}$ space velocity, a cyclohexane conversion as high as 96% was obtained over 0.2 wt% $Pt/ZrO_2$ $SO_4{^{2-}}$, whereas cyclohexane conversions over 0.2 wt% $Pt/SiO_2$ and 0.2 wt% $Pt/Al_2O_3$ were 83 and 79%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.182-197
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• 2020

This study investigated the home range and characteristics of activities to contribute to the improvement of management techniques and the successful promotion of management policies of invasive nutria, which is a representative invasive species of South Korea. Six individuals were captivated for the study. Remote radio tracking on three of them was carried out followed by the analysis of the results. The average home range of the follow-up individuals were confirmed to be 0.043 ㎢ at MCP 95%, 0.085 ㎢ at K 95%. It was 0.018 ㎢ at K 50%, which is the core space. In 95% MCP, males exhibited the home range with 0.058 ㎢, showed wider home range 0.046 ㎢ than females who showed 0.012 ㎢, and showed a wider home range 0.015 ㎢ more at night than during the day. As a result of comparing the results of this study with the case studies of overseas studies, it is determined that the magnitude of the derived home range is the result of a stable habitat in which the procurement of food resources is smooth and human interference is limited. The daily moved distance of males was larger than that of females, with a maximum moved distance of 1,278 m per day. Activity at the study site is high from around sunset to around 6 A.M., 10 P.M., 7 P.M., 1 A.M., and 5 A.M., and high around sunrise and low during the daytime such as 2 P.M., which reflected the propensity of nocturnal animals to act. The results of this study on the home range and activity in nutria can be used as useful data forimproving the management of invasive alien species for the installation and operation of traps, the spatial setting of controlled areas, and the calculation of the amount ofresources together with a basic understanding of nutria's behaviors in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the availability of ABM (Active-Based Model), FEATHERS, as a policy evaluation tool. To achieve the goal, scenario analysis on flexible working policy was conducted to measure its impact on activity-travel behavior. As a consequence, there seems no significant change in worker's daily life, other than mitigating traffic congestion due to decreasing commuting travel in the rush hour. The result of VKT (vehicle kilometers traveled) shows an opposite pattern according to given household/individual constraints. The scenario analysis on telecommuting indicates a decreasing trend in both travel frequency and distance because of the diminished number of commuting trips. As the activity space of telecommuters is shifted to a residential area, there are more short-distance trips by using non-motorized transport, which leads to decrease in VKT (using a private vehicle). Thus, the sensitivity of VKT by population groups varies due to transport mode shift (between personal and another mode) and growing non-work trips (using a private mode). This study found few things. First, it is necessary to evaluate the details of policy impact by population groups since it can be varied depending on household/individual characteristics. Second, the case study shows a promising performance of ABM as policy measurement that provides reality in policy evaluation. Third, ABM allows us to do more accurate analysis (i.e. time-series analysis by population groups) of policy assessment than those of FSM (Four-Step Model). Lastly, a further effort in data collection, literature review, and expert survey should be made to enhance the accuracy and confidence of future research.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

We investigated space-time patterns of Quaternary fault activity of the Yangsan fault zone using ESR ages in the Samnam-myeon region, Ulsan, Korea. Some of fault gouge zones consist of well-defined bands which added to the older gouge band, indicative of reactivation. During addition of new bands, the older gouge band was inactive, which represents the type I faulting mode. ESR analyses of each band of the gouge zone allow us to construct history of fault movement. The entire fault gouge zones were reactivated by type III faulting mode giving us ESR ages of the lastest reactivation. ESR dates show temporal clustering into active and inactive periods analogous to historic and paleoseismic fault activities. ESR ages and dates of fault movements indicate migration of fault activities along the Yangsan Fault Zone. Segments of the Quaternary faults in the study area are branched in the south of Sangcheon site. The earliest record of activity in segmented faults is recorded from the western segment to the northern segment. Before 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active. At 750~850 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the eastern segment to the northern segment were active. During 630~660 ka and 480~540 ka only the northern segment was active. After 340 ka ago, the fault gouge zone from the western segment to the northern segment were active again.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.475-482
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• 2004

For the induction of arthropathy, 4% hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) was injected for 4 weeks into the intra-articular space of the 25 New Zealand white rabbits to damage articular cartilage. The verification of arthropathy induction and the effect of scan-bio laser treatment were determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, by observing gross and histopathologic findings. The SOD activity increased by about 40% in arthropathy group, as compared to controls. Although SOD activity in arthropathy group was not significantly different from the 2-week group, it was significantly different from the 4-week control and treatment groups. There was also a significant difference between the 4-week control and treatment groups. Grossly, erosions formed on the articular cartilage surface, and the lateral femoral condyle was damaged in arthropathy group. In comparison, there was slight, but not significant, progression of the lesion in the 2-week control group, and no difference between the 2-week treatment and control groups. Conversely, severe erosions damaged the articular cartilage in the 4-week control group. Cartilage proliferation was seen in gross observations in the 4-week treatment group, suggesting a treatment effect. Histopathologically, there was slight articular surface damage and apoptosis in arthropathy group, and serious cartilage damage, despite slight chondrocyte proliferation, in the 4-week control group. By contrast, the 4-week treatment group showed chondrocyte replacement, with close to normal articular cartilage on the articular surface. There was significant cartilage proliferation with regeneration of the articular cartilage on the articular surface in the group treated with low-level laser, as compared to control group, when arthropathy was induced by $H_2O_2$ injections. Therefore, low-level laser was effective in the treatment of chemically induced arthropathy.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.134-150
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• 2016

This study has analyzed the subjects of transportation technology problem solving activities at Energy and Transportation Technology unit in the 12 kinds of middle school Technology Home Economics textbooks of the 2009 national revised curriculum. An analysis frame was developed with systems and environmental mediums which are common elements of transportation and the subjects were analyzed. As a result of this study, first, 8 kinds of subjects among 20 subjects in analysis frame were suggested in the textbooks. Second, according to the environmental, there are 13 terrestrial activities, 2 atmospheric activities, and 1 marine activity in the textbooks. However, there is no space related activity. Third, according to the system, there are 13 activities for the structure, 12 activities for the propulsion and suspension system, 5 activities related to the control system, and 1 activity regarding guidance system. Fourth, there are 4 kinds of problem solving activities depending on categorizing result of the analysis of the activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.61-62
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• 1999

;The mechanisms inducing hypertension are actively investigated and are still challenging topics. Basically hypertension must be caused by the disorder of $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in vascular smooth muscle, such as the increase of $Ca^{2+}$ influx, the decrease of ci+ efflux, or the change of sensitivity of contractile protein etc. The one of cause of the increase of ci+ influx may be the change of ci+ channel activity. Even though the relationships of ci+ channel activity and hypertension were studied using various hypertension models, still it is not clear how much change of $Ca^{2+}$ channel activity in diabetes mellitus (DM) induced hypertension is occurred. We induced DM hypertension in SD rat and compared the $Ca^{2+}$ channel activity with age-matched normotensive SD rat. For inducing DM hypertension, left kidney was removed with 200 gm rat and, after 1 month, 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin was injected into peritoneal space to induce diabetes mellitus. Usually after 4-6 weeks, hypertension was fully induced. For isolating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we used mesenteric arteriole (3rd - 4th branch of mesenteric artery) of which diameter is below 150 urn. VSMCs were isolated enzymatically. $Ca^{2+}$ current was measured using whole cell patch clamp technique. All experiments were performed at $37^{\circ}C$. The cell membrane area of VSMC of DM hypertensive rat is larger than that of control VSMC($36.6{\pm}3.64{\;}pF{\;}vs{\;}22.4{\pm}1.29{\;}pF, {\;}mean{\pm}S.E.$) When we compared the current amplitude, the $Ca^{2+}$ current amplitude in VSMC of DM hypertensive rat is much larger than that in VSMC of normotensive age-matched rat. After $Ca^{2+}$ current amplitude was normalized by cell membrane area, the current amplitude in DM hypertension is increased to $249.1{\pm}15.9{\;}%{\;}(mean{\pm}S.E.M)$, which means the ;absolute current amplitude is about 4 times larger in DM hypertension. When we compared the steady state activation and inactivation. there were no noticeable differences. From these results. one of cause of the DM hypertension is due to the increase of $Ca^{2+}$ current amplitude. But it need further study why the $Ca^{2+}$ current is so large in VSMC of DM hypertension and how much $Ca^{2+}$ influx through $Ca^{2+}$ channel contribute to the increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and eventually contribute to development of hypertension.ypertension.