• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.65.2-65.2
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• 2013

We present a study of outflows on 24 embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), which are selected from the sources of the Dust, Ice, and Gas in Time (DIGIT) Herschel key program. Molecular outflow activity, which is believed to have strong dependence on accretion process, is the most powerful in the early embedded phase of star formation and declines as the central protostars evolve to the main sequence stage. In order to study the relation between the CO outflow observed in low J transitions and the properties of protostars, we mapped the CO outows of the selected targets in J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 lines with the 14-m TRAO telescope and the 6-m SRAO telescope, respectively. We estimate CO outflow momentum fluxes (Fco) and compare with bolometric luminosity, Lbol, bolometric temperature, Tbol, and the FIR molecular line luminosities of CO, $H_2O$, OH and [O I], which were detected by the Herschel-PACS observations. We found that $Fco_{1-0}$ is greater than $Fco_{2-1}$, and the mean ratio is about 2. L1455-IRS3 and IRAM04191 have high Fco in spite of low $L_{bol}$. The well known correlation between Fco and $L_{bol}$. is not very evident from all our samples. However, Fco and $L_{bol}$. show a rather strong correlation if L1455-IRS3 and IRAM04191 are excluded. Fco shows little correlation with FIR line luminosities of individual species, while the total FIR line luminosity summed over CO, $H_2O$, OH, and [OI] lines seems to have some correlation. In addition, we report 22 GHz $H_2O$, and 44 GHz CH3OH maser line detections in four sources out of the 24 YSOs.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.245-249
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• 2017

We selected 47 DOGs at z ~ 1.5 using optical R (or r'), AKARI $18{\mu}m$, and $24{\mu}m$ color in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Deep survey field. Using the colors among 3, 4, 7, and 9µm, we classified them into 3 groups; bump DOGs (23 sources), power-law DOGs (16 sources), and unknown DOGs (8 sources). We built spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with optical to far-infrared photometric data and investigated their properties using SED fitting method. We found that AGN activity such as a AGN contribution to the infrared luminosity and a Chandra detection rate for bump and power-law DOGs are significantly different, while stellar component properties like a stellar mass and a star-formation rate are similar to each other. A specific star-formation rate range of power-law DOGs is slightly higher than that of bump DOGs with wide overlap. Herschel/PACS detection rates are almost the same between bump and power-law DOGs. On the other hand SPIRE detection rates show large differences between bump and power-law DOGs. These results might be explained by differences in dust temperatures. Both groups of DOGs host hot and/or warm dust (~ 50 Kelvin), and many bump DOGs contain cooler dust (${\leq}30$ Kelvin).

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 1995

In order to identify an antifreeze proteins responsible for freeze-tolerance in barley the proteins accumulated in extracellular space during cold acclimination were extracted and analyzed. After 42 days cold treatment there were several proteins sized of 70, 21, 16, 14 KDa increased in their amount accumulated in extracellular space. In addition, continuously sized polypeptides smaller than 10 KDa were found to be increased in their amount as cold treatment prolongs. Since these proteins were not detectable in total leaf protein extract it appears that the procedure used to isolate extracellular extract was valid. A similarity in profile of the extracellular proteins isolated from barley and rye may indicate a possibility for these proteins to be an antifreeze proteins since the same extract from rye was reported to show an antifreezing activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.914-924
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• 2010

In this paper, results on the orbit analysis for the KOMPSAT-2 satellite using a real orbit data during the LEOP and normal mission lifetime are presented. In particular, the preparation and performance of an orbit operations during the LEOP is emphasized and the effects of space environments (i.e., Solar activity) on orbit evolutions are investigated comparing to those of the KOMPSAT-1 satellite. The summarized results in this paper would be an important reference to improve the stability and effectiveness of satellite operations during the LEOP and normal mission lifetime in case of LEO satellites such as successors of KOMPSAT-2 (i.e., KOMPSAT-3, KOMPSAT-3A, KOMPSAT-5).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to provide basic data for building better exterior spaces for stadiums in the future by analyzing the behavior of users, such as the satisfaction measure and the physical environment, after using the exterior space at an existing stadium. To achieve this, multiple methods of data gathering and analyses such as field surveys, documentary surveys, and questionnaires research were used in this study. In the survey of user satisfaction, regression analysis was conducted on all factors. Factor analysis was conducted on the variables that were classified into physical, functional, social, and psychological factors. The factors were then tested and based on the results, multiple regression analysis was conducted to measure the effects of the factors concerning satisfaction. A questionnaire research on the use of the exterior space of a stadium as well as the social and economic backgrounds of the users was also conducted in order to utilize the results for the basic data for analysis of satisfaction. According to the results of this study, the exterior space of a stadium satisfied overall expectations. However, it is deemed important to introduce various facilities and activity programs and to improve the exterior spaces for users in building stadiums in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.2099-2104
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• 2010

In this paper, HRV signal which was appeared RR intervals from ECG was analyzed using return-map during anesthesia. We intended to estimate the depth of anesthesia observing the change of autonomic nervous activity(ANS) because HRV showed change of cardio-vascular system of the body according to state of ANS. Return-map analysis is to reconstruct time series of HRV to phase space after calculating delay time and embedded time. After approximating the signal distribution which was reconstructed in phase space in elliptic, we calculated the lengths of major and minor axises of the elliptic and the values was used to estimate the depth of anesthesia. Stages of the anesthesia were 7 levels to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. At induction stage of strong external stimulation, the length of major and minor axis were statistically high and at the operation stage of non-external stimulation, the values were statistically low. Conclusively, the stages of anesthesia were discriminated by HRV signal mapped in the phase space during operation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2011

As serving people's activities, pedestrian road systems are basic and necessary facilities in urban structure. To provide and utilize these pedestrian road systems in residential area would enhance urban environment as well as quality of life. For this reason, pedestrian road should be planned by consideration of people's activity in residential area. Evaluation of existing pedestrian road should be also oriented how people use it and what people do in it. This study amis to investigate functions of pedestrian road system throughout evaluation of user's satisfaction in order to improve better pedestrian road system in residential area. The purposes of this study are to analyze components of factors affecting on user's satisfaction, and to find the relationship among affecting factors. For this study, the on-site questionnaire method was applied to 267 individuals who were collected as the study areas where locate Toyogaoka and Kaidori, Japan. The collected data were clarified exploratory factors, and analyzed relationship between the factors and satisfaction by applying quantitative statistical techniques for the mapping investigation, Mann-Whitney u-test, and correlation. The results of this study are follows. The pedestrian road system is more preferred than surroundings of vehicle roads in residential district area where maintains pedestrian road as open space. In addition, satisfactions of the pedestrian road for each purpose were highly evaluated, because of conformability and convenience for usage. Consequently, the pedestrian road which is secure and greening as an open space is well carried out for the living circulation of residents. It would suggest that pedestrian road have to be managed and planned not a function of circulation but an open space system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2020

This paper puts forward protection strategies for the environmental problems of Busan coastline, providing theoretical basis and guiding standards for the tourism development and environmental transformation of the coastline. The order of research is to deduce the factors that affect environmental problems from the theoretical coastline development characteristics. The investigation method of spatial structure combined with time axis is adopted, and historical images and image processing techniques are used to find the characteristics of morphological changes of Busan coastline. The three types of natural coastline, artificial coastline and ecological restoration coastline are analyzed through the five factors that affect the fluctuation, extensibility, greening rate, concealment and vision of space. According to the above discussion, international competition examples are introduced to find solutions. Finally, environmental protection schemes are put forward from five aspects of tourism, accidents, development, culture and transformation. In the future research, it will focus on the transformation of coastline space to provide a more humanized activity space for coastline residents.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1129-1145
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• 2016

Functional neuro-connectivity is one of the main issues in brain science in the sense that it is closely related to neurodynamics in the brain. In the paper, we choose fMRI as a main form of response data to brain activity due to its high resolution. We review methods for analyzing functional neuro-connectivity assuming that measurements are made on physiological responses to neuron activation. This means that we deal with a state-space and measurement model, where the state-space model is assumed to represent neurodynamics. Analysis methods and their interpretation should vary subject to what was measured. We included analysis results of real fMRI data by applying a high-dimensional autoregressive model, which indicated that different neurodynamics were required for solving different types of geometric problems.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are known for irregular variability on all time scales, down to intra-day variability with relative variations of a few percent within minutes to hours. On such short timescales, unexplored territory, such as the possible existence of a shortest characteristic time scale of activity and the shape of the high frequency end of AGN power spectra, still exists. We present the results of AGN single-dish fast photometry performed with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). Observations were done in a “anti-correlated” mode using two antennas, with always at least one antenna pointing at the target. This results in an effective time resolution of less than three minutes. We used all four KVN frequencies, 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz, in order to trace spectral variability, if any. We were able to derive high-quality light curves for 3C 111, 3C 454.3, and BL Lacertae at 22 and 43 GHz, and for 3C 279 at 86 GHz, between May 2012 and April 2013. We performed a detailed statistical analysis in order to assess the levels of variability and the corresponding upper limits. We found upper limits on flux variability ranging from ~1.6% to ~7.6%. The upper limits on the derived brightness temperatures exceed the inverse Compton limit by three to six orders of magnitude. From our results, plus comparison with data obtained by the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory, we conclude that we have not detected source-intrinsic variability which would have to occur at sub-per cent levels.