• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.455-472
• /
• 2003

The period from 1946 until his retirement from Department of Forest Resources, Seoul National University was a time of research and professional activity on many fronts for Korean Plant Taxonomy. From 1952 to 1984, he travelled south Korea and collected more than 70,000 specimens. Working out of this project, Dr. Lee developed the SNUA herbarium (Herbarium of The Arboretum of Seoul National University) as the best University herbarium in Korea for the modem floristic work. Dr. Lee's first interest rests on his contributions to our understanding of the twig identification in early 1950. Asian deciduous oak taxa have attracted particular focus to him late 1950 and early 1960. Accordingly Dr. Lee has been one of the specialists on systematic study of Asian oak which is a basis of identification in eastern Asia now. Dr. Lee's contributions concerning rare and endangered plants in Korea provide a tremendous information after a Japanese taxonomist, T. Nakai did in early 1920 to late 1930 in Korea. During his fourteen year career from 1970 to 1984, Dr. Lee spent time to investigate flora of many local and National Park sites. Much of his effort was directed to the voucher specimens for which he worked for the Illustrated Flora of Korea and also served as a field collector. These collections at SNUA enabled us to extend our educational outreach from the local to the national flora research. Although Dr. Lee has been and continues to be the soul of SNUA, collection records about his purpose and aim for each trip are not well documented except date and field studied sites. This lesson enables us to tackle the same issue of balancing quantity and quality with well documented specimens now.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.159-173
• /
• 2004

The desire for the healthy life is increasing as a result of rapidly changing social and economic environment in Korea. Because of the need, informations on health, food and nutrition are being introduced through the mass media. The object of this study is to investigate and analyze the quantity and quality of informations about health, food and nutrition in women's magazines. Six representative domestic monthly magazines(Lady Kyunghyang, Women Donga, Women Chosun, Women JoongAng, Women sense, Jubu Senghwal) were selected for this study. The results of monitoring from June 2002 to September 2002 for the women's magazines were summarized as follows; 1. The percentage of the articles on health, food and nutrition by total area of the women's magazines was 23.1%. There were total 595 articles on health, food and nutrition. Among these, 400 articles(67.2%) were about food and nutrition. 2. The percentage of the advertisements on health, food and nutrition was 35.3% by total area of the woman's magazines. There were 2,353 advertisements on health, food and nutrition. Among these, 1,574(66.9%) advertisements were about food and nutrition. The most frequently advertised advertisements on food and nutrition were about processed foods (527 cases, 33.5%). The second most frequently advertised advertisements were about diet (374 cases, 23.8%). The third one was healthy foods (345 cases, 21.9%). 3. The contents of 215(53.8%) articles (the total number of articles was 400) was suitable. The contents of 89 advertisements(22.3%) did not have accurate informations on health, food and nutrition. For the advertisements in women's magazines (the number of total articles was 2,203), the percentage of the advertisements which was not able to capture the feature of the advertisements was 27.9%, insufficiency of reliable sources was to 21.9%, and exaggeration of the contents in the ads was 16.0%. Articles and advertisements should be backed by scientific research or reliable sources and also the opinions of people with expertise in order to report accurate informations to the general public. In order to achieve these results, there should be continuing monitoring activity for the women's magazines.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 1979

Our nation is confronted with the situation that the rice, a principal food, short of some essential amino acids, leads to imbalanced meals insufficient in the nutrient of Protein, to bring many difficulties in the elevation of nutritional state in our nation. While. our country has been produced much amounts of Panax Ginseng roots which has a stimulating effects on the metabolism of protein, lipid and nucleic acids in the body. And the leaf and trunk of Panax Ginseng were also produced a considerable amounts as the by-products. Author believe that these by-products (leaf and trunk) of Panax Ginseng might have some components possessing simillar activity with Panax Ginseng root although the quantity and qualify of the functional components may more or less be different. Therefore, this study was demised to observe the supplemental effect of the Panax Ginseng-by-Products on the dietary protein efficiency and nutritional state of rats. The feeds used for this experiment were rice containing 30% barely, fish four, and the leaf, trunk and small root of the Panax Ginseng, and the contents of the general nutrients including protein, lipid and carbohydrate etc. in each feed were analyzed for the combination of each feed. And, being based on analytical values of Protein in food. fish Pour as Protein source was added were rice containing 30% barely to be include 8.6 to 8.7%, 12%, 15% and 18% of protein. Then 2% of the leaf, trunk or small reef of Panax Ginseng was supplemented into each of above protein diet group, ton 16 kinds of diets were Prepared. The male albino rats from a Pure strain, weighing 70g to 80g. were used for experimental animals. They were maintained with coresponding fist for f and 8 weeks, and the growth rate, consumption of diets and protein, efficiency of feed and Protein in animals were determined. The lipids, proteins and cholesterols in serum and liver were also determined quantitatively after they were sacrificed in coresponding term. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Body weigh of diet group containing 8.6 to 8.7%,12%, and 15% of protein are increased remarkably by supplement of 2% of the leaf or small root of Panax Ginseng in comparison with each of controls. But this tendency could not observed in diet group containing 18eA Proteins. 2. Feed efficiency showed same tendency in comparison with changes of gained body weight. Specially, in each of diets containing 8.7%, 12%, 15% and 18% of Proteins, supplement of the leaf of Panax Ginseng showed the better feed efficiency than supplement of the trunk or small root. 3. In feeding group for 8 weeks, protein efficiency showed worst efficiency in diet containing 18% proteins and showed the best efficiency was the diet group containing 12% Proteins. And the efficiency was improved according to supplement of the leaf of Panax Ginseng. 4. Nitrogen contents in serum and liver did not show large differences each other in all diet groups. But contexts of total cholesterol and 1ipid were decreased markedly in diet groups containing 12%, 15% and 18% of proteins in comparison with diet group containing 8.6% to 8.8% of proteins.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.47-70
• /
• 2007

In recent days, people's requests about water resources have been developed from managing quality and quantity of water resources to forming a river environment by restoring normal function of river. To meet these requests, it is necessary to establish the concept of environmental flows. In Korea, the environmental flows was introduced as a concept of river maintenance flows in a sense of river management. The function of river maintenance flows has been changed according to what the major issue is in that age such as navigation, water quality, and prevention of saline water intrusion. As the assesment of river maintenance flows in Korea focused mainly on the function of water usage oriented in human, it could not be defined and emphasized in a sense of ecosystem as a pure meaning of environmental flows. And while the existing river maintenance flows are included the assesment of flows, there is not a practical procedure to supply them and the efficient management in a sense of environment is not performed. The environmental flows should be further developed from the river maintenance flows and changed to a new concept focused on maintaining the health of ecosystem. In other words, the environmental flows should be defined as a necessary flows for maintaining the function of river and its original value, and be considered on the same or higher value of flows for maintenance of economic activity, recreation, and power generation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 1979

SDS gel electrophoresis has been employed to examine the changes in distribution of three major classes of nuclear proteins extracted from isolated liver nuclei in response to refeeding of starved rats with a fat-free high carbohydrate diet and following insulin injection into streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The relative quantity of electrophoretically separated proteins in the fraction showed marked changes with 0.14 NaCl extracts, but not with histones and phenol soluble non-histone proteins. During 48h starvation at least five proteins ranging in molecular weight from 50,000 to 180,000 daltons decreased relative to normal controls while a protein with 36,000 daltons was increased. Refeeding the starved rats with a high carbohydrate diet reversed these changes over 24 h. Insulin injection into streptozotocin-diabetic rats increased levels of the set of five 0.14 M NaCl soluble proteins identified from refeeding experiment of starved rats. The 36,000 daltons protein was also diminished. These results indicate that changes in distribution of certain nuclear proteins in 0.14M NaCl extracts are associated with the control of nuclear activity ralated to known insulin-signalled modulation and induction of cytosolic lipogenic enzymes.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2010

This study aims to obtain technical data for improvement of utilization of Blast Furnace Slag(BFS), recycled aggregate in the future by complementing fundamental problems of BFS such as manifestation of initial strength and excessive alkali quantity as well as weakness of recycled fine aggregate through manufacturing of recycled fine aggregate mortar using BFS. The recycled aggregate includes the cement paste hardened as the surface and the type of the aggregate, which contains plenty of calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$) as well as the unhydrated cement. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are to inspect the manufacturing the recycled fine aggregate mortar used with blast furnace slag, to consider the effects of the recycled aggregate on the strength development of ground granulated blast furnace slag, and then to acquire the technical data to take into consideration the further usages of the recycled aggregate and blast furnace slag. In eluted ions from recycled aggregate, it showed that there were natrium($Na^+$) and kalium($K^+$), expected to be flown out of unhydrated cement, as well as calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$). Application of this water to mix cement mortar with ground granulated blast furnace slag was observed to expedite hydration as calcium hydroxide($Ca(OH)_2$) and unhydrated cement component were expressed to give stimuli effects on ground granulated blast furnace slag. The results of the experiment show that the recycled aggregate mixed with blast furnace slag has comparatively higher hydration activity in 7 day than the mortar not mixed with one in 3 day mortar does, causing the calcium hydroxide in the recycled fine aggregate to work on as a stimulus to the hydration of ground granulated blast furnace slag.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2016

Cultivated wild ginseng is a widely used dietary supplement and medicinal herb. The aim of this study was to optimize the ginseng using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)- charged aerosol detection (CAD) for ginsenoside analysis. CAD measures the physical property of an analyte and responds to almost all non-volatile species, independent of their nature, spectral properties, or particle size. It has become widely employed in pharmaceutical analysis. The cultivated wild ginseng extracts were analyzed for compositions of ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Rg1, Rf, Re, and Rh1. The optimal analysis condition was set up from an experiment using a gradient. Ten grams of cultivated wild ginseng were extracted with 95% EtOH 100 ml for 24 hr at 80℃. The contents of the 6six major ginsenosides in the cultivated wild ginseng extract were Rb1 (5.48±0.12 mg/g), Rd (5.33±0.14 mg/g), Rg1 (12.80± 0.05 mg/g), Rf (19.08±0.68 mg/g), Re (19.87±0.05 mg/g), and Rh1 (16.47±0.16 mg/g), respectively. HPLC showed that the protopanaxatriol group (Rg1, Rf, Re, Rh1) had more content than the protopanaxadiol group (Rb1, Rd) in cultivated wild ginseng extract. In summary, the ginsenosides were identified with HPLC-CAD analysis, and their presence and quantity imply the importance of quality control, as well as the pharmacological activity of the ginseng root.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.347-359
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share a similar inflammatory pathogenesis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) can induce anticyclic-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP antibodies), a key factor in the development of RA. This study aimed at evaluating the relationships between the 2 diseases and identifying the clinical implications thereof, with a focus on periodontal pathogens in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 260 RA patients and 86 age- and sex-matched control patients without arthritis were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Periodontal indices and the prevalence and amount of periodontal pathogens were compared between the groups. Correlations between periodontal and RA indices were examined, as were correlations between 9 periodontal pathogens and RA indices. Results: The RA group had significantly higher values than the control group for all investigated periodontal indices (P<0.05) except the number of teeth. The gingival index (GI) was correlated with the disease activity score 28 (DAS28) (r=0.125, P=0.049), RA disease duration (r=0.253, P<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r=0.162, P=0.010), and anti-CCP antibody titer (r=0.205, P=0.004). Probing pocket depth (PPD) was correlated with ESR (r=0.139, P=0.027) and anti-Pg antibody titer (r=0.203, P=0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) was correlated with DAS28 (r=0.137, P=0.030), RA disease duration (r=0.202, P=0.001), ESR (r=0.136, P=0.030), anti-Pg antibody titer (r=0.177, P=0.005), and anti-CCP antibody titer (r=0.188, P=0.007). Clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontitis severity were correlated with anti-Pg antibody titer (the former r=0.201, P=0.002; the latter r=0.175, P=0.006). The quantity of Pg was positively correlated with the serum anti-Pg antibody titer (r=0.148, P=0.020). Conclusions: The GI, BOP, and PPD showed positive relationships with several RA indices. The anti-Pg antibody titer had positive relationships with PPD, BOP, CAL, and periodontitis severity. Thus, increasing values of periodontal indices could be used as a risk indicator of disease development in RA patients, and an increasing anti-Pg antibody titer could be considered as a warning sign in RA patients suffering with periodontitis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

Objectives : Gami-Chunggisan extract (GCE) is one of the oriental traditional medicine. We investigated the antioxidant effect and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products from the GCE. Methods : GCE was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. We analyzed total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. To evaluate antioxidant activity, we measured 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Also we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) on Raw264.7 cells. We researched reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines from concentration of GCE on Raw264.7 cells. Results : Total polyphenol quantity of GCE was included 46.6 mg/g. The GCE showed ABTS free radical scavenging ability with more than 89% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In addition the DPPH free radical scavenging ability from the GCE was activated over 93% at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Production of the ROS was decreased by approximately 26%, upon the GCE treatment at concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The GCE at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration showed inhibitory effect on NO production by 38%. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were decreased by approximately 56% and 36%, respectively upon GCE treatment at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Also, production of TNF-${\alpha}$ was decreased by approximately 79% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Moreover, the GCE showed inhibitory effects on the expression of the IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ genes in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusions : From the results above, we conclude that the GCE indicated significant antioxidant effects and induced reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 2022

The intensity of fishy odor in eggs, which differs depending on the poultry type and individual perception, can be due to many factors including trimethylamine (TMA) which has been identified as the main. Notably, riboflavin can increase the activity of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, the enzyme responsible for converting TMA into odorless trimethylamine-N-oxide. This study aimed to analyze the TMA content in egg yolk, evaluate its contribution to fishy odor, and develop a method to prevent this undesired odor. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify volatile compounds in egg yolk from hens fed a standard TMA-rich diet and hens fed a riboflavin-supplemented diet. To compare the relative content of volatile substances between eggs, a correlation study was performed using an electronic nose. Higher concentration of TMA (1.06 ± 0.12 mg/kg) was detected in egg yolks obtained from hens fed a normal diet than those fed a riboflavin-supplemented diet. Overall, this study suggests that riboflavin affects the quantity and quality of volatile substances, including TMA, present in eggs and we expect these findings to improve the quality and reduce the fishy odor of eggs.