• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2005

This study examined the applicability of the transtheoretical model(TTM) to understanding exercise behavior of early adulthood. A cross-sectional study was conducted and data wee collected from 1618 adults aged from 20 to 39 through internet survey. Major conclusions wee as follows: 1. Stage distribution for exercise behavior was 15.6%, 26%, 25%, 19%, 14.4% for precentemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance stages, respectively. 2. Behavioral processes were more frequently utilized than cognitive processes for action and maintenance stage. 3. Self-reevaluation, social liberation and reinforcement were frequently used in precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages. Self-reevaluation, reinforcement, self-liberation were frequently used in action and maintenance stages. 4. Pros of exercise behavior began to be higher than cons of exercise behavior from the actions stage and continued to increase to maintenance stage. 5. Self-efficacy was higher in action stage than precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages and the highest in maintenance stage.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.732-746
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors by the stages of change (SOC) in nutrition management among elementary and middle school athletes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were young athletes recruited from the athletic clubs of 10 organizations. Subjects responded to a survey questionnaire, and data on 167 athletes were analyzed. Subjects were grouped into the pre-action or action stage in nutrition management. The χ² test, t-test, analysis of covariance, and correlation analysis were used in data analysis. RESULTS: Athletes in the action stage (62.3%) compared to the pre-action stage, showed a higher self-efficacy (P < 0.01), and felt more confidence in performing specific eating behaviors (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Those in the action stage had more favorable beliefs regarding nutrition (P < 0.001) and agreed less strongly on the specific misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition (P < 0.01) than those in the pre-action stage. Eating behaviors (P < 0.001) and subscales of the eating behaviors (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) also differed significantly by the SOC group. Place of eating dinner (P < 0.05) and the person who prepares dinner (P < 0.05) showed significant differences by the SOC group. The relationship of self-efficacy, beliefs regarding nutrition, and eating behaviors to the SOC differed by sports type. Beliefs for football athletes, self-efficacy, and beliefs for baseball athletes were correlated significantly with the SOC, whereas all 3 variables were related to the SOC for handball and other athletes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors between the pre-action and action stages. Nutrition education should include strategies to help young athletes modify their beliefs, mainly misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition, increase self-efficacy, and adopt specific and desirable eating behaviors. Nutrition education might employ different strategies considering the sports type that student-athletes participate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate that the stages of change in smoking cessation behavior among coronary artery disease patients for six months progressed following the stages of change suggested by the transtheoretical model. Method: Subjects for this descriptive survey were 59 coronary disease patients who were smoking or who had stopped smoking for less than six months. Result: In the baseline, the distribution of the subjects’ stages of change was as follows: pre-contemplation stage 25.4%, contemplation stage 25.4%, preparation stage 22%, and action stage 27.1%. After six months, more subjects in the contemplation(33.3%) and preparation stages(30.8%) progressed to the action stage than those of the pre-contemplation stage(0%). Eighty-one percent of the subjects in the action stage at baseline progressed to the maintenance stage. The relationship between the numbers of smoking cessation attempts for six months and stages of change at baseline was significant(p=.001). However, the relationships between self-efficacy and nicotine dependence at baseline and progression in stages of change after six months were not significant. Conclusion: Progression in the stages of change for six months among subjects corresponded to the stages of change suggested by the transtheoretical model. Hence, future development and evaluation of intervention programs should be tailored individually considering each patient's stage of change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 1997

In this paper, the study model, which presents the patterns of how the changing mechanisms are adopted to the changing stages of smoking cessation, was developed by modifying the integrative model of Prochaska et al. (1983) with including seven changing mechanisms which were identified by Oh and Kim(1996). Then the developed study model was exploratively tested with 155 University student between 20 and 29 years of age as subjects. According to the study results. among the five mechanisms. which are significant in explaining the differences between stages. DUNCAN post-comparison showed that the least applied ones were Stimulus Control, Self Determinism, Cognitive Restructuring in the precomplation stage, and Reinforcement and Dramatic Relief. in the relapsed stage. In the comtemplation stage. it was observed that Dramatic Relief is used most frequently and that the other two mechanisms, Information Management and Cognitive Restructuring, showed different results from those inferred in the study hypothesis. In the case of Information Management, it was excluded from the analysis it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages, but Cognitive Reconstruction turns out to be a more frequently used mechanism in the action stage rather than in the comtemplation stage. Helping Relationship was also excluded in the post-comparison analysis since it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages and Reinforcement was a more frequently used mechanisms in the comtemplation stage. Stimulus Control turns out to be the connecting mechanism which was most frequently used in both the contemplation and action stages. Self Determination was most frequently used in the action stage rather than in both the comtemplation stage and action stage, differing from the presumption of the model. Lastly, subjects in the relapsed stage were utilizing Stimulus Control and Self Determination at the same level as subjects in the precontemplation stage. and the utilization of both Reinformcement and Dramatic Relief was lower than that of the precomtemplation stage, that is, at the lowest level. Only Cognitive Restructuring was used of the same level as the comtemplation stage. The relapsed stage in this study did not represent the preparation for action stage as presumed in the model of Prochaska et. al. (1983) but did show a pattern similar to the initial stage of smoking cessation. However, since this interpretation about the relapser was based on only a small number of relapsers(n=5), this conclusion may not be reliable.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

This study was an exploratory approach to the cognitive model of textile designers on the stage of motif development in textile design process. Prior to the main research, several previous studies adopting methods of video/audio protocol analysis were reviewed. On the basis of the review, the categories of design action were derived as an analysis frame by application of top-down access method, meanwhile the sub-groups of each category of design action were identified through a bottom-up access method. To summarize the research result, total three categories of textile design action appeared based on the theory of ‘Human processor’ model : ‘motor action’, ‘perceptual action’ and 'cognitive action'. In next, a new coding scheme suitably explaining these three categories of fertile design action was developed. Finally, a cognitive model of textile designer on the stage of motif development, employing the new coding scheme, was suggested in this study.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-105
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• 1994

Since the Rio Convention of 1992, the international community has displayed a heightened consciousness concerning the Earth environment and domestic attention on the said subject has also rapidly increased. An Ecological life style signifies the conscious efforts to preserve the environment interpreted into quotidien action. For the realization of conservation in action, an understanding of the specific details of environmental preservation must precede. The environmental conservation action in the homes was systematically approached in this study as an input-process-output and feedback cycle. The input phage is the consumer oriented buying stage, the while the process is the actual use of the products and the output stage consists of categorizing and producing wales, the feodbach being recycling of resources. At each stage the attitude which is devoted to environmental consciousness plays a big ride in the actual preservation of the Earth environment. in order to effectively conserve the environment, efforts displayed by the business sector is as important as implementation of environmentally conscious action at home. During the process of producing and distributing products, and attitude and action in preservation efforts are crncial and the responsibility ageat. For the business sector to effectively initiate environmental preservation into action, institutional support from the government and cooperation from the homes is of essence. Consolidated efforts to atter the superfrony life style into ecological life styles and ralues is essential to solve the most important socio-economic issue of the 90's of preserving the earth.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior using Transtheoretical Model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study method was a survey in 100 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from March 19, 2000 to October 30, 2000. Result: The results were as follows: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior ; 15.0% in pre-contemplation stage, 33.0% in contemplation stage, 17.0% in preparation stage, 16.0% in action stage and 19.0% in maintenance stage. The subjects in pre-contemplation stage used all processes of change in the least. "Dramatic relief(DR)", "Environmental reevaluation(ER)" and "Self reevaluation(SR)" were identified as main processes of change in contemplation stage. "Consciousness raising(CR)", "DR" were used higher than average in preparation stage. Helping relationships(HR)", "CR", "ER", "SR", "Social liberation(SL)", "Counter conditioning (CC)", "Reinforcement management(RM)", "Self iberation(SEL)" and "Stimulus control(SC)" were used higher than average in action stage. The subjects in maintenance stage used all process of change the highest except "DR"and "HR". "Cons" score of decisional balance was the highest in pre-contemplation stage, "Pros" score was the highest in action stage and "Self-efficacy" score was the highest in maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2008

For the correct dietary habit and balanced dietary intake of aged people, the nutrition management that fits to the dietary behavior change stage has to be accomplished. In order to do so, in this paper, we chose 175 women that are aged more than 65 years old who are rural long life community residents and surveyed the dietary intake for 2 days including a twice depth interview and the 24 hour recall method. Also, for the sake of our aim, using the transtheoretical model, the dietary behavior change stage group was divided into the contemplation stage group, the preparation stage group, the action stage group and the maintenance stage group. The results are as follows: In the intake amount of protein (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.05) and vitamin $B_6$ (p < 0.05), the intake amount of these nutrients in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly larger than the intake amount in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group. The nutrition evaluation according to the dietary behavior change stage, the ratio of subjects who took insufficient amount of energy, protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C were low as the dietary behavior change stage was upgraded. The subjects of maintenance stage group were most likely to consume vegetables more than once a day, and consume fruits and milk and milk products more than 5 times/week. MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly higher than MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group (p < 0.001). From the above results, there were differences of nutrient intakes according to the dietary behavior change stage. Therefore, it is considered that the intervention for the dietary behavior motivation induction has to be advanced before accomplishing the individually fitting intervention at the time of nutrient management intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of fundamental nursing practice course. Methods: Participants were 132 students who took the fundamental nursing practice course at D university in N city. The study included processes of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program and qualitative data were evaluated through content analysis. Results: The 12-step designing college courses model by Fink was applied in the planning. In the acting stage, the course was conducted according to the instruction in designing the course, students wrote reflective journals and the professor gave feedback to the reflective journal and the class observation journal was used for lessons. In the observation stage, the course evaluation was surveyed and analyzed, evaluations were positive with 47.1% of students positively evaluating the teaching strategy. In the reflecting stage, outcomes in course improvement were reflected on and, the number of students at the lower level-of-achievement decreased. Conclusion: Action research was a useful research method that could capture the quality improvement process in college courses. Expression of effort and passion to improve quality of education through action research in various ways and to share quality improvement strategies for nursing education are important.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.878-879
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• 2021

Most state-of-the-art CNNs for action recognition are based on a two-stream architecture: RGB frames stream represents the appearance and the optical flow stream interprets the motion of action. However, the cost of optical flow computation is very high and then it increases action recognition latency. We introduce a design strategy for action recognition inspired by a two-stream network and teacher-student architecture. There are two sub-networks in our neural networks, the optical flow sub-network as a teacher and the RGB frames sub-network as a student. In the training stage, we distill the feature from the teacher as a baseline to train student sub-network. In the test stage, we only use the student so that the latency reduces without computing optical flow. Our experiments show that its advantages over two-stream architecture in both speed and performance.