• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43.1-43.12
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• 2021

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most prevalent organisms associated with foodborne illness across the globe causing campylobacteriosis and gastritis. Many proteins of C. jejuni are still unidentified. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and function of a non-annotated hypothetical protein (HP) from C. jejuni. A number of properties like physiochemical characteristics, 3D structure, and functional annotation of the HP (accession No. CAG2129885.1) were predicted using various bioinformatics tools followed by further validation and quality assessment. Moreover, the protein-protein interactions and active site were obtained from the STRING and CASTp server, respectively. The hypothesized protein possesses various characteristics including an acidic pH, thermal stability, water solubility, and cytoplasmic distribution. While alpha-helix and random coil structures are the most prominent structural components of this protein, most of it is formed of helices and coils. Along with expected quality, the 3D model has been found to be novel. This study has identified the potential role of the HP in 2-methylcitric acid cycle and propionate catabolism. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions revealed several significant functional partners. The in-silico characterization of this protein will assist to understand its molecular mechanism of action better. The methodology of this study would also serve as the basis for additional research into proteomic and genomic data for functional potential identification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of dual-task action observation training (AOT) and single-task AOT related with daily living task on walking ability and ADL performance in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-seven chronic stroke subjects were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to three task categorieds as follows: whole dual-task AOT or partial dual-task AOT or single-task AOT rehabilitation. Whole dual-task AOT observed the movement at once and partial dual-task AOT observed the movement divided into 4 parts related functional gait and activities of daily living task for 2 minutes 30 seconds. Single-task AOT observed the movement related functional gait for 2 minutes 30 seconds. Both groups had physical training session for 12 minutes 30 seconds. The study was conducted for four weeks, with three training sessions a week, for twelve weeks. All subjects were evaluated for their walking ability and activities of daily living through devices, 10m walking test (10MWT), dynamic gait index (DGI), and Korea-Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). RESULTS: A significant improvement of walking ability and ADL performance happened among dual-task AOT subjects, compared with a single-task AOT subjects, during the 4-weeks course treatment. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences in 10MWT (p<0.05) and DGI (p<0.05), and K-MBI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that dual-task AOT has a positive additional impact on recovery of walking ability and ADL performance in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of action observation with observation type on the limits of stability and dynamic gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: The 20 stroke patients who participated in this study were randomly divided into two experimental groups who underwent training three times a week for 4 weeks. Their balance was tested as the limit of stability with Biorescue. Their Dynamic gait ability was tested with the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) before the intervention, and after 4 weeks. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: The results confirmed the limit of stability on the moving areas of the paralyzed and non-paralyzed sides. The limit of stability and dynamic gait index measurements confirmed that the moving area showed a significant difference after the intervention in the whole movement observation group (p<.05), but the partial movement observation group showed no significant difference (p>.05). A significant difference was also noted for the comparison between the both groups after the interventions (p<.05). The functional walking ability showed a significant difference when compared to the ability before the intervention, as determined by the changes in scores obtained for the dynamic gait index (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Interventions utilizing whole movement confirm that training improves stability and functional walking ability in stroke patients with disabilities in balance and walking ability.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

This study analyzed changes in action potential of supraspinal neuron and motor unit depending on maximum tolerance isometric contraction(MTIC) by electrical stimulation and examined influence of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on spinal neuron adaptation. It selected 40 university students in their twenties and divided into experimental groups of 25% MTIC(I), 50% MTIC I (II), 75% MTIC(III) and 100% MTIC(IV) depending on MTIC by electrical stimulation, and performed isometric contraction of plantar flexor muscle to each experimental group with given contraction for 20 times. It measured V/Mmax and MDF pre and post exercise, compared volume of contraction. 1. V/Mmax ratio showed no significant difference in comparison among experimental groups. 2. There was significant difference in median frequency of gastrocnemius and soleus in action potential motor unit according to comparison among experimental groups(p<.001). When contraction by electrical stimulation was maximum, change was greatest. This results suggest that muscle contraction by electrical stimulation was influence to action potential of spinal motor neuron system which appear optimal level though aspect and difference degree were not in accordance. Consequently, optimal stimulation level of MTIC(50%) by FES would be lead to central nerve adaptation. muscle contraction by electrical stimulation was influence highly to MDF which should be consider to fatigue of motor unit for muscle contraction by electrical stimulation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2016

For the purpose of reuse the wasted by-products from the skate process to the health functional food or medicinal material, chondroitin sulfate was extracted from the skate cartilage with the method of hydrolysis with protease enzyme, and the contents of chondroitin sulfate and hydrolyzed protein were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The effects of chondroitin sulfate on body weight or liver weight changes, hepatotoxicity elimination and anti-inflammatory actions were measured from in vivo test with feed-treated mice. From the hydrolytic extraction of skate cartilage with the mixture of 1% alcalase and 1% protease for 4 hours, the extraction yield of chondroitin sulfate was about 32.55%. The content and molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate was 26.63% and $2.85{\times}10^5Da$., respectively and the content ratio of chondroitin sulfate to protein was measured to 1 to 2.76 with gel permeation chromatography. For the odor component, trimethylamine decreased about 30% but almost not ammonia from chondroitin sulfate with the treatment of activated carbon. From the feeding chondroitin sulfate to mice, the control effect of body and liver weights decrease was measured, anti-inflammatory action and hepatotoxicity elimination action were also measured. From these results, process operation conditions for manufacturing of chondroitin sulfate were suggested.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

This paper is aimed at analyzing the relationship between users' actions in relation to a SNG (Social Network Game), which mainly targets communities, and the motivations that give rise to such selective actions. The subjects of existing researches on game area have rarely dealt with game users but mainly focused on the studies and utilization of game production technologies; and, in cases of studies on games users, their subjects have been hardly more than observations of users' behaviors in relation to the performance to achieve certain goals or themes of a game; for example, upgrading a character's level or obtaining rewards through "defeat". Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the actions of SNS game users from the perspective of behavioral selections caused by various motivations of human beings rather than approaching from the perspective of problem solving methods. In order to accomplish this goal, fist of all, Lazzaro's People Fun model and motivation theory of SNS users will be analyzed. Secondly, relevant materials from 13 SNG cases will be collected. Games' events and the functional actions of users will be classified. Lastly, the primary actions of SNG users will be classified into 8 different types and motivations - action patterns will be analyzed based on the classified materials.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that action observation training has beneficial effects on enhancing the motor task, such as balance and gait functions. On the other hand, there have been few studies combined with action observation training and auditory feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of action observation training with auditory feedback on the gait function in stroke patients with hemiparesis Methods: A total of 24 inpatients with post-stroke hemiparesis were assigned randomly to either an experimental group 1 (EG 1, n=8), experiment group 2 (EG 2, n=8), control group (CG, n=8, EG 1). The EG 2 and CG watched video clip demonstrating three functional walking tasks with auditory feedback, without auditory feedback, and showing a landscape image, respectively. The exercise program consisted of 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. The participants were measured to 10MWT (10 m walk test), 6MWT (6 minutes walking distance test), TUG (timed up and go test), DGI (dynamic gait index), time and steps of F8WT (figure-of-8 walk test). Results: In the intra-group comparison after the intervention, EG 1 and EG 2 showed a significantly different gait function (10MWT, 6MWT, DGI, TUG, F8WT) (p<0.05). In the inter-group comparison after intervention, EG 1 showed significant improvements in the entire gait parameters and EG 2 only showed significant improvement in DGI and TUG compared to CG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that action observation training with auditory feedback may be used beneficially for improving the gait function of stroke patients with hemiparesis.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2006

The beneficial effects of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in prophylaxis and treatment of venous disorders of human lower extremity have been recognized. However, their pressure functional performances are variable and unstable in practical applications, and the exact mechanisms of action remain controversial. Direct surface pressure measurements and indirect material properties testing are not enough for fully understanding the interaction between stocking and leg. A three dimensional (3D) biomechanical mathematical model for numerically simulating the interaction between leg and GCS in dynamic wear was developed based on the actual geometry of the female leg obtained from 3D reconstruction of MR images and the real size and mechanical properties of the compression stocking prototype. The biomechanical solid leg model consists of bones and soft tissues, and an orthotropic shell model is built for the stocking hose. The dynamic putting-on process is simulated by defining the contact of finite relative sliding between the two objects. The surface pressure magnitude and distribution along the different height levels of the leg and stress profiles of stockings were simulated. As well, their dynamic alterations with time processing were quantitatively analyzed. Through validation, the simulated results showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements, and the simulated pressure gradient distribution from the ankle to the thigh (100:67:30) accorded with the advised criterion by the European committee for standardization. The developed model can be used to predict and visualize the dynamic pressure and stress performances exerted by compression stocking in wear, and to optimize the material mechanical properties in stocking design, thus, helping us understand mechanisms of compression action and improving medical functions of GCS.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from rhizomes of curcuma Curcuma species, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidative properties. However, the mechanism of action of the compound remains poorly understood. In this report, we have analyzed the effects of curcumin on the cell proliferation of Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells. The results demonstrated that curcumin could effectively inhibit the growth of Raji cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further studies indicated that curcumin treatment resulted in apoptosis of cells. Biochemical analysis showed that the expression of Bax, Bid and cytochrome C were up-regulated, while the expression of oncogene c-Myc was down regulated after curcumin treatment. Furthermore, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was induced by the compound. Interestingly, the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression was not significantly changed in Raji cells after curcumin treatment. These results suggested that the mechanism of action of curcumin was to induce mitochondrial damage and therefore led to Raji cell apoptosis. We further investigated the in vivo effects of curcumin on the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. The results showed that curcumin could effectively inhibit tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. The overall results showed that curcumin could suppress the growth of Burkitt's lymphoma cells in both in vitro and in vivo systems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the pediatric functional muscle testing (PFMT) when applied to children with developmental delay. Methods: Sixteen children with developmental delay (seven females, nine males) participated in this study. For the inter-rater reliability, each was scored on the PMFT by two pediatric physical therapists with more than 8 years of clinical experience on the same day. For assessment of the test-retest reliability, one therapist tested the children again within 10 days. The second measurement was performed by taking a first measurement in video. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the PFMT, and Chronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1) The test-retest ICC of the score of the infant action month and the right side of the PFMT was from 0.53 to 1.00 and from 0.63 to 0.99, respectively. 2) The inter-rater ICC of the score of the infant action month and the right side of the PFMT was from 0.66 to 1.00 and from 0.64 to 1.00, respectively. 3) Chronbach's alpha was 0.93. The internal consistency indicated excellent. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the PFMT was relatively high, except for a few items. Therefore, it can be suggested that the PFMT will be a useful tool for measurement of muscle strength for children with developmental delay if it be some modifications.