• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.169-187
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• 2002

The effects of important parameters such as reaction time and pH on the Fenton's process were evaluated using a batch reactor. It was proven that organic materials and heavy metals in leachate could be successfully removed by Fenton's reagent. Favorable operation conditions were investigated. It was observed that the reaction between ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide with the production of hydroxyl radical was almost complete in 10 minutes. That is, the oxidation of organic materials by Fenton's reagent was so fast that it was complete in 30 minutes with batch experiments. With the formation of carbonic acid, pH of the batch reactor decreased to favorable acidic conditions without acid addition. The oxidation of organic materials in the leachate showed a pH dependence and was most efficient in the pH range of 2-3.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.520-523
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• 2001

산성조건에서 $H_2O_2$가 HCr$O^-_4$ 이온과 반응하여 진한 청색의 $CrO(O_2)_2$를 형성하는 반응에 흐름 주입 분석을 도입하여 수용액시료 중 $H_2O_2$의 양을 정량할 수 있는 흡수분광분석법을 개발하였다. 이 분석법에 의한 $H_2O_2$의 정량범의는 2.00${\times}10^{-6}$M∼0.020M이며, 측정한계는 약 1.5${\times}10^{-6}$M이다. 또한, 이 분석법은 실제 강우와 강설 중에 존재하는 과산화수소의 농도결정에도 사용할 수 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop an efficient recycling process for wastewater generated from soil-washing used to remediate uranium (U(VI))-contaminated soil. Under acidic conditions, U(VI) ions leached from the soil were precipitated and separated through neutralization using hydrazine (N₂H₄). N₂H₄, employed as a pH adjuster, was decomposed into nitrogen gas (N₂), water (H₂O), and hydrogen ions (H⁺) by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The residual N₂H₄ was precipitated when the pH was adjusted using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) to recycle the wastewater in the soil-washing process. This purified wastewater was reused in the soil-washing process for a total of ten cycles. The results confirmed that the soil-washing performance for U(VI)-contaminated soil was maintained when using recycled wastewater. All in all, this study proposes an efficient recycling process for wastewater generated during the remediation of U(VI)-contaminated soil.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2012

본 연구는 3.5% 과산화수소(hydrogen peroxide, HP)에 dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)를 함유한 치아미백제가 치아 미백과 표면 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 발치한 건전한 소구치 30개를 치아 시편으로 하였고, 이 시편을 3군(A1, A2, A3)으로 나누었다(n=10). 3.5% HP에 DCPD를 0 g(대조군, A1), 0.1 g(A2), 1 g(A3)을 함유시켜 치아 미백제를 제조했다. 모든 군은 하루에 8시간 미백하여 14일 동안 반복하였다. 미백제의 pH 측정, 유도 결합플라스마 원자 방출 분광기(ICP-AES)를 이용한 원소분석을 실시하고, 법랑질의 색, 경도, 표면의 형태 및 무기질 성분을 측정하였고, ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 1. 치아미백제의 pH를 측정한 결과 DCPD를 함유한 치아미백제의 pH는 함유하지 않은 치아미백제의 pH에 비해 증가를 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>.05). 2. 치아미백제의 무기질 함량을 측정한 결과 DCPD 농도가 증가할수록 칼슘과 인의 농도가 증가했으며, Ca/P 비는 1.1~1.2 정도로 나타났다. 3. 모든 군에서 $L^*$ 값은 미백 후가 미백 전에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 증가했다(p<.05). 4. 치아의 경도는 미백 후가 미백 전에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 미세경도의 감소를 보였다(p<.05). 하지만 DCPD함유량이 증가할수록 대조군에 비해 실험군의 미세경도 감소율이 적게 나타났다. 5. 미백 후 법랑질 표면의 형태는 대조군에서 표면의 다공성과 침식 현상이 보였으나(A1), DCPD 함유량이 가장 높은 군(A3)에서는 표면 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 6. 미백 후 법랑질 표면의 성분은 DCPD 함유량이 증가할수록 Ca, P 함량이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 DCPD를 함유한 3.5% HP의 치아미백제는 대조군과 동등한 치아미백 효과가 있고, pH를 상승시켜서 치아 표면의 탈회를 감소시키며 법랑질의 표면 형태와 성분 변화에 덜 영향을 줌으로써, 치아미백제의 구성성분으로 실용화할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1329-1336
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• 2011

The objectives of this study are to examine the processing of oils contamination soil by means of using a micronano-bubble soil washing system, to investigate the various factors such as washing periods, the amount of micro-nano bubbles generated depending on the quantity of acid injection and quantity of air injection, to examine the features involved in the elimination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contained in the soil, and thus to evaluate the possibility of practical application on the field for the economic feasibility. The oils contaminated soil used in this study was collected from the 0~15 cm surface layer of an automobile junkyard located in U City. The collected soil was air-dried for 24 hours, and then the large particles and other substances contained in the soil were eliminated and filtered through sieve No.10 (2 mm) to secure consistency in the samples. The TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was found to be 4,914~5,998 mg/kg. The micronano-bubble soil washing system consists of the reactor, the flow equalization tank, the micronano- bubble generator, the pump and the strainer, and was manufactured with stainless material for withstanding acidic phase. When the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 30 minutes were respectively identified as 4,931 mg/kg (18.9%), 4,678 mg/kg (18.9%) and, 4,513 mg/kg (17.7%). And when the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 120 minutes were respectively identified as4,256 mg/kg (22.3%), 4,621 mg/kg (19.7%) and 4,268 mg/kg (25.9%).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.735-743
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• 1993

Cofacial bis-cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin(Co-TPP) 유도체 화합물들이 수식된 유리질 탄소 전극과 carbon microelectrode을 작업 전극으로 사용하여 여러가지 pH 용액에서 순환 전압전류법 및 시간 전류법에 의해 산소의 환원반응을 조사하였다. 산성용액에서 monomer인 cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin 화합물이 수식된 전극에서 산소의 환원반응경로는 중간 생성물인 H$_2$O$_2$로 가는 2전자 반응으로, dimer인 cofacial bis-cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin 유도체 화합물들이 수식된 전극에서는 최종 생성물인 H$_2$O로 가는 4전자 반응으로 진행되었다. 이와 같은 산소의 환원반응은 전체적으로 비가역적이며 확산지배적인 반응으로 주어졌다. pH 변화에 따른 산소의 환원전위는 pH 13에서 pH 4 까지는 직선관계가 성립하였으나 강한 산성용액에서는 이들 관계가 성립하지 않았다. 산성용액에서 산소의 환원전위는 알몸 유리질 탄소전극에서 보다 monomer Co-TPP 화합물이 수식된 유리질 탄소전극에서는 400 mV만큼, dimer Co-TPP 화합물이 수식된 전극에서는 750 mV 만큼 더 양전위 방향으로 이동되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.768-774
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• 2017

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic compounds by hydrogen peroxide via insoluble polymer formation, which can be precipitated from the wastewater. For HRP immobilization, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fine carrier supports were produced by using the Nano Spray Dryer B-90. Immobilized HRP was used to remove the persistent 2,4-dichlorophenol from model wastewater. Both extracted (9-16 U/g) and purified HRP (11-25 U/g) retained their activity to a high extent after crosslinking to the PLGA particles. The immobilized enzyme activity was substantially higher in both the acidic and the alkaline pH regions compared with the free enzyme. Optimally, 98% of the 2,4-dichlorophenol could be eliminated using immobilized HRP due to catalytic removal and partly to adsorption on the carrier supports. Immobilized enzyme kinetics for 2,4-dichlorophenol elimination was studied for the first time, and it could be concluded that competitive product inhibition took place.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1995

Alkaline solutions such as $NH_4$OH, choline and TMAH (($CH_3$)$_4$NOH) have been introduced in semiconductor wet processing of silicon wafers to control ionic and particulate impurities following etching in acidic solutions. These chemicals usually mixed with hydrogen peroxide and/or surfactants to control the etch rate of silicon. The highest etch rate was observed in $NH_4$OH solutions at a pH in alkaline solutions. It indicates that the etch rate depends on the content of $OH^{-}$ as well as cations of alkaline solutions. STM/AFM techniques were used to characterize the effect of alkaline solutions on silicon surface roughness. In SC1 (mixture of $NH_4$OH : $H_2$$O_2$ : $H_2$O) solutions, the reduction of the ammonium hydroxide proportion from 1 to 0.1 decreased the surface roughness ($R_{rms}$) from 6.4 to $0.8\AA$. The addition of $H_2$$O_2$ and surfactants to choline and TMAH reduced the values of $R_{p-v}$ and $R_{rms}$ significantly. $H_2$$_O2$ and surfactants added in alkaline solutions passivate bare silicon surfaces by the oxidation and adsorption, respectively. The passivation of surfaces in alkaline solutions resulted in lower etch rate of silicon thereby provided smoother surfaces.s.ces.s.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are ubiquitous in living cells and are essential for eukaryotic cell growth. These polycations interact with negatively charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, acidic proteins and phospholipids and modulate various cellular functions including macromolecular synthesis. Dysregulation of the polyamine pathway leads to pathological conditions including cancer, inflammation, stroke, renal failure and diabetes. Increase in polyamines and polyamine synthesis enzymes is often associated with tumor growth, and urinary and plasma contents of polyamines and their metabolites have been investigated as diagnostic markers for cancers. Of these, diacetylated derivatives of spermidine and spermine are elevated in the urine of cancer patients and present potential markers for early detection. Enhanced catabolism of cellular polyamines by polyamine oxidases (PAO), spermine oxidase (SMO) or acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO), increases cellular oxidative stress and generates hydrogen peroxide and a reactive toxic metabolite, acrolein, which covalently incorporates into lysine residues of cellular proteins. Levels of protein-conjuagated acrolein (PC-Acro) and polyamine oxidizing enzymes were increased in the locus of brain infarction and in plasma in a mouse model of stroke and also in the plasma of stroke patients. When the combined measurements of PC-Acro, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated, even silent brain infarction (SBI) was detected with high sensitivity and specificity. Considering that there are no reliable biochemical markers for early stage of stroke, PC-Acro and PAOs present promising markers. Thus the polyamine metabolites in plasma or urine provide useful tools in early diagnosis of cancer and stroke.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2019

Acidic soil significantly reduces crop productivity mainly due to aluminum (Al) toxicity. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots were exposed to aluminum stress (Al₃⁺) in calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution (pH4.5) and root growth, physiological and antioxidant enzyme responses were investigated. The root growth (length) was significantly inhibited after 48 h of aluminum stress imposition. Histochemical staining with hematoxylin indicated significant accumulation of aluminum in Al stress-treated root tissues. Histochemical assay were also performed to detect superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, which were found to be more in root tissues treated with higher aluminum concentrations. The enzymatic activity of CAT, POD and GR in root tissues was slightly increased after Al stress treatment. The result suggests that Al stress alters root growth in alfalfa and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and demonstrates that antioxidant enzymes involved in detoxification of Al-mediated oxidative stress.