• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.321-333
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• 2020

Beef quality is influenced by the fattening period. Therefore, meat metabolomics profiles from the different fattening periods (e.g., short-term vs. long-term) were analyzed for identify potential indicators using nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, blood, free fatty acid, sensory, and mineral compositions in Korean steers were determined. Blood, free fatty acid, and mineral concentrations showed significant differences between short-term and long-term groups that were fed different diets. However, there were no sensory differences in the two fattening groups. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of meats were clearly separated based on multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Six metabolites of variable importance in the projection plot were identified and showed high sensitivity as candidate markers for meat characteristics. In particular, lactate, carnosine, and creatine could be directly linked to scientific indicators of the fattening stage (31 vs. 28 mo) of meat. Our findings suggest that the metabolomics approach could be a powerful method for the detection of novel signatures underlying the managing period of beef.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Palladium plays a pivotal role in the production of dental and medicinal devices, medicinal substances, jewellery, automobile and high-performance adhesives. Despite the frequent and fruitful use of such reactions, one major setback is the high level of palladium in the resultant compounds which can harm the human body. Among the palladium species, $PdCl_2$ is the most toxic. As a consequence it is desirable to detect the $Pd^{2+}$ cations by fluorescence spectra because it can provide an operationally simple and cost-effective detection method together with high sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, an ${\alpha}$-carbonyl substituted pyrene derivative, ${\gamma}$-oxo-1-pyrenebutyric acid (OPBA), was demonstrated to be a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for $Pd^{2+}$ among the metal cations examined in aqueous solutions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.367-372
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• 2010

Rabeprazole sodium (RPN) is known to be very unstable at acidic condition or some acidic pharmaceutical excipients such as acrylic acid polymer (carbomer 934) with carboxylic acids. Thus, degradation mechanism of binary blends of rabeprazole with pharmaceutical excipients in a solid state without using solvents at three different ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) was investigated using Fourier transform infrad (FTIR) spectroscopy. Alkalizer (MgO), neutral hydroxypropymethylcellulose (HPMC 4000) were also tested for comparison. The binary blends were stored under accelerated conditions ($40^{\circ}C$/75% relative humidity) for two weeks. The concentration of thioether rabeprazole from the binary blends with acidic carbomer 934 increased as the rabeprazole concentration decreased. In addition, the degradation half-life of rabeprazole as well as the relative peak area ratios obtained from FTIR spectra of S=O stretching at $1094.1\;cm^{-1}$ decreased consistently as the fraction of carbomer 934 increased due to its sensitivity between the basic benzimidazole nitrogen and carboxylic acid group of carbomer 934. The physical appearance also turned into strong brown color in the presence of carbomer 934. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the degradation kinetics of rabeprazole with MgO and HPMC 4000 in a solid state. This present study demonstrated that the solid-state compatibility test with the aid of HPLC chromatographic and FTIR spectral analyses could offer a valuable methodology to select suitable pharmaceutical excipients and to elucidate the degradation mechanism of RPN for drug formulations at the early formulation stages.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.879-883
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• 2006

To develop a $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule for more economic and sensitive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, the $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsules were prepared with various additives such as polyethylene glycol, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. Their dissolution test and $^{13}C-urea$ Breath Test in human volunteers were then performed. Polyethylene glycol increased the initial dissolution rates of urea and difference ${\sigma}$ $^{13}C$ values from $^{13}C-urea$, while microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate decreased them. Irrespective of addition of citric acid, the compositions with polyethylene glycol showed higher values from $^{13}C-urea$ compared to a commercial 76 mg $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule due to higher initial dissolution rate. The capsules with 38 mg $^{13}C-urea$ and 1.9 mg polyethylene glycol, which showed higher Helicobacter pylori-positive value of about $8{\textperthousand}$ at 10 min, improved the sensitivity of $^{13}C-urea$ in human volunteers. Thus, the $^{13}C-urea-containing$ capsule with polyethylene glycol would be a more economical and sensitive preparation for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.463-468
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to develop a standard protocol for imidapril hydrochloride bioequivalence testing. For this reason, a specific LC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of imidapril in human plasma. A solid-phase extraction cartridge, $Sep-pak^{R}$ C18, was used to extract imidapril and ramipril (an internal standard) from deproteinized plasma. The compounds were separated using a XTerra $MS^{R}$?C18 column ($3.5 {\mu}m, 2.1\times150 mm$) and $acetonitrile-0.1\%$ formic acid (67:33, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.4 by 2 mmol/L ammonium formic acid, as mobile phase at 0.3 mL/min. Imidapril was detected as m/z 406 at a retention time of ca. 2.3 min, and ramipril as m/z 417 at ca. 3.6 min. The described method showed acceptable specificity, linearity from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL, precision (expressed as a relative standard deviation of less than $15\%$), accuracy, and stability. The plasma concentration-versus-time curves of eight healthy male volunteers administered a single dose of imidapril (10 mg), gave an $AUC_{12hr}$ of imidapril of $121.48\pm35.81 ng mL^{-1} h$, and $C_{max} and T_{max}$ values of $32.59\pm9.76 ng/mL and 1.75\pm0.27 h$. The developed method should be useful for the determination of imidapril in plasma with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in bioequivalence study.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a new $^{l3}C-urea-containing$ capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, $^{l3}C-urea$ breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG/citric$ acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg $^{l3}C-urea$ had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the, sensitivity of $^{l3}C-urea$ in the human volunteers. The capsule [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and $37^{\circ}C$. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [$^{l3}C-urea/PEG$ (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

Hydroperoxyl radical/superoxide anion radical ($HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$, $pK_a$=4.8) as an intermediate is of considerable importance in oxidation processes. Hence, the method of detecting $HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$ with high sensitivity is necessary to be developed. To achieve this objective, this study newly employed terephthalate (TA) as a probe for the measurement of $HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$ in the kinetic method presented in our previous study. This method was based on the hydroxylation of TA to produce mainly hydroxyterephthalic acid or hydroxyterephthalate (OHTA), which was analyzed by fluorescence detection (${\lambda}_{ex}$=315nm, ${\lambda}_{ex}$=425nm). The life-time of $HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$ and its concentration formed from the photolysis technique of $H_2O_2$ were reported in this study. At range of pH 2-10, the life-time of $HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$ was 51-422 sec. In particular, an increase in the life-time with pH was observed. The sensitivities of the kinetic method by using TA were always higher with 1.7-2.5 times at pH 8.0 than those by using benzoic acid. From these results, this study can contribute to understanding the basic functions of $HO_2{\cdot}/O_2^-{\cdot}$ in oxidation processes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.538-541
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• 2011

An 8-year-old spayed Yorkshire Terrier Dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kyungpook National University because of the recurrent superficial pyoderma. At the presentation, pustules and papules were present throughout the body. Numerous rods with a few cocci were observed on impression smears and they were confirmed to be Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius consecutively. The patient was treated with systemic enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid based on the results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests with once a week basis 4% chlorhexidine shampoo. An excellent clinical response was achieved in 2 weeks of therapy and the lesions were fully resolved in 6 weeks. The possibility of P. mirabilis infection should not be overlooked by clinicians in dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma although it's been considered to be rare.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol was developed using two specific 22-mer primers located in coat protein gene of SPFMV. A 411 bp PCR-product was detected in virus infected plants as well as tissue culture raised sweet potato but not in healthy plants. For optimization of RT-PCR protocol, the optimum crude nucleic acid concentration, annealing temperature, primer concentration and numbers of PCR-cycle for maximum sensitivity and specificity were determined. The optimum condition for RT-PCR was as follows: RT-PCR reaction mixture was one-step mixture, containing 50 pmol of primer, 30 units of reverse transcriptase, 5 units of RNasin, and the crude nucleic acid extracts (200 ng). In RT-PCR, cDNA was synthesized at $42^{\circ}C$ for 45 min before a quick incubation on ice after pre-denaturation at $95^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The PCR reaction was carried out for 40 cycles at $96^{\circ}C$ for 30 see, $63^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec, $72^{\circ}C$ for 1 min, and finally at $72^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The viral origin of the amplified product was confirmed by sequencing, with the sequence obtained having $95-98\%$ homology with published sequence data for SPFMV. The benefits of this RT-PCR based detection of SPFMV would be simple, rapid and specific.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

The aim of this study was conducted to develop an analytical method to determine the concentration of ceftiofur residue in eel, flatfish, and shrimp. For derivatization and extraction, the sample was hydrolyzed with dithioerythritol to produce desfuroylceftiofur, which was then derivatized by iodoacetamide to obtain desfuroylceftiofur acetamide. For purification, the process of solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) was used. The target analytes were confirmed and quantified in $C_{18}$ column using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. The linearity of the standard calibration curve was confirmed by a correlation coefficient, $r^2>0.99$. The limit of quantification for ceftiofur was 0.002 mg/kg; the accuracy (expressed as the average recoveries) was 80.6-105%; the precision (expressed as the coefficient of variation) was below 6.3% at 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/kg. The validated method demonstrated high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet the Codex guideline requirements. The developed method was tested using market samples. As a results, ceftiofur was detected in one sample. Therefore, it can be applied to the analysis of ceftiofur residues in fishery products.