• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.593-601
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• 2004

In this study, we are going to compare the chemical composition of the precipitation that falls in the Dangjin and Anmyon-do areas by analyzing the water soluble components (anion and cation). We also examined the effects of seasonal change and regional difference in those data sets. The [$NO_3\;^- \;+\;SO_4\;^{2-}$] at 49.2${\mu}$eq/l is 67% of the total anion of 73.1${\mu}$eq/l, while that of [$NH_4\;^+\;+\;Ca^{2+}$] at 37.7${\mu}$eq/l is 62% of the cation in Dangjin area. Also, the [$NO_3\;^-\;+\;SO_4\;^{2-}$] concentration of 151.8 (${\mu}$eq/l) is 62% for the total anion of 143.5 (${\mu}$eq/l), and the [$NH_4\;^+\;+\;Ca^{2+}$] concentration of 119.7 (${\mu}$eq/l) is 47% for the cation of 254.3 (${\mu}$eq/l) in Anmyon-do area. The ion composition ratio is shown for the order by 22% of $SO_4\;^{2-}$, 20.8% of $NH_4\;^+$ and 15.4% of $Cl^-$ that is the sum of 58.7% for the total ion composition in Dangjin area, and is the order by 33.8% of $NH_4\;^+$, 16.3% of $SO_4\;^{2-}$ and 11.1% of $Cl^-$ in Anmyon-do area. Furthermore, We predicted that even areas which were previously clean will get acid rain if there is large scale construction there or nearby.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

As air pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing urban environmental concerns, many studies have investigated the influence of air pollutants(ex: $O^3$, $NO^2$, $SO^2$, Acid rain, etc.) on roadside trees and urban grove. In Korea, population density started to increase since the industrialization. Since dense population aggravates our living conditions, it's very important for us to preserve and keep a lively and refreshing nature in order to live with green nature in harmony under the current artificial environment-dominating world. In metropolitan cities, the production of pollutants increases in proportion to population growth. The vehicle exhaust gas and air pollutants from cooling and heating systems have been the major causes of acid rain. Furthermore, tire particles which are naturally produced by tire wearing on roads and other toxic substances in exhaust gas have caused a problem in human health directly and indirectly. In fact, a lot of studies have analyzed air pollution, roadside trees and plants in Korea. However, they are mostly limited to covering the influence of air pollution on the growth of plants. No paper has clearly explained why air pollution-resistant or-vulnerable species has shown different reactions yet. Even though a lot of urban roadside trees have died or stopped to grow from time to time, this kind of problem has not been properly examined. This paper is aimed to comparatively analyze physio-ecological characteristic such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, soil volume water figure out their relationship with environmental factors against the expanding roadside trees in Cheong-ju, and provide basic data for management of roadside trees and elaboration of urban environment preservation policies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 1998

This study focuses on one of the most typical energy-intensive industries, the steel industry. The two-fold purpose of the study is to develop a model to assess measures to alleviate sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) emissions from the steel industry and to propose a concrete $SO_2$ emission reduction measure from the steel industry. This study partially employed and modified AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute to develop AIM/KOREA SULFUR model for simulation. In the study, a base scenario, which is BAU(Business As Usual) scenario, and mitigation scenarios(a use of low-sulfur contain fuel, fuel conversion to cleaner energy, an induction of desulfurization systems, and energy saving) were employed. The results of the simulation are summarized below: The sulphur dioxide emission from the steel industry in 1992 was estimated to be 252,000 metric tons; however, according to BAU scenario, sulphur dioxide emission is expected to be increased to 586,000 metric tons, which is 2.3 times greater than that in 1992 by year 2020. To alleviate such increasement, simulation results under various 7scenarios proved that some degrees of reduction may be possible by an induction of desulfurization systems although there may be numerous ways to interpretate the simulation results; however, the bottom line is that it appears to be difficult to achieve the Korean Ministry of Environment's policy goal-a mitigation of sulphur dioxide concentration to 0.01ppm.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.42-54
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the phenomena of acid precipitation. The pH value, electro conductivity and major anions (sulfate, nitrate and chloride) were measured by automatic acid rain monitor and ion chromatography at 5 points in Seoul area from Jan. to Dec. 1988. 1. The acidity of rainfall was in order winter (4.31) spring (4.77) fall (4.94) summer (5.31). Rainfall with a pH of less than 5.6 was appeared 83.2 percent. 2. The range of the highest appearence frequency rate both at Hannam-dong and Songsu-dong was from pH 4.6 to 5.0 and appeared 30.7 percent and 38.3 percent respectively, Bang-i-dong was 36.3 percent in the ranged from pH 4.1 to 4.5 and Guro and Ssangmun-dong were 26 percent and 30.3 percent in the ranged from pH 5.1 to 5.5 respectively. 3. The sulfate and nitrate ion concentration in earlier rainwater ranged from 0.1 ppm to 50.2 ppm and from 0.01 ppm to 15.8 respectively. The earlier rainwaters were generally more acidic than the after rainwaters. 4. The order of the major anion concentration in rainwater was $SO_4^{2-} > Cl^- > NO_3^-$ and the acidity of it was more effective by sulfate ion than others. The correlation between pH value and anions concentration was shown positive correlationship at Guro-dong and Bang-i-dong and negative correlation at Hannam-dong but not at the other sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.221-224
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• 1998

Environmental pollution is continuously increasing with the economic growth and industrial development. With this trend, soil and groundwater pollution problem has been surfaced as important social issues. Recently, Korean government promulgated the Soil Environment Conservation Act. But there are many problems to control sound soil quality management. Anthropogenic source of pollution such as waste landfill, pesticides, fertilizer, underground storage oil tanks is important as well as natural source such as acid rain and forest fire. The regulation should be expanded to include groundwater preservation as well as soil quality, because soil pollution is closely related to groundwater pollution. Therefore, legal regulations must be expanded to these facilities and take into account technical feasibility and finance.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2008

The several water resources are showed recently the various pollution types due to the industrialization and the disarranged district development. The living waste water, plant waste water and so are contaminated continuously and the recycling water is concerned highly to save the cost and to improve the environment as the general people. The dust and the heavy metal in the air and the acid rain are contaminating the river water and the underground water. The clean environment is on the rise to the general people and is to be the social problems. There is going to complement and repair the water supplying and fire extinguishing pipeline to save the construction cost and improve the environment in the construction facilities parts. Therefore, in this paper the recycling water treatment/supply apparatus using the living waste water is considerated technically and is raised on the practical uses.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

Annual ring formation is considered a source of information to investigate the effects of environmental changes caused by temperature, air pollution, and acid rain on tree growth. A comparative investigation of annual ring growth of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to environmental changes was conducted at two sites in southern Korea (Haenam and Jangseong). Three wood disks from each site were collected from stems at breast height and annual ring growth was analyzed. Annual ring area at two sites increased over time (p > 0.05). Tree ring growth rate in Jangseong was higher than that in Haenam. Annual ring area increment in Jangseong was more strongly correlated with environmental variables than that in Haenam; annual ring growth increased with increasing temperature (p < 0.01) and a positive effect of $NO_2$ concentration on annual ring area (p < 0.05) could be attributed to nitrogen deposition in Jangseong. The correlation of annual ring growth increased with decreasing $SO_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations (p < 0.01) in Jangseong. Variation in annual growth rings in Jangseong could be associated with temperature changes and N deposition. In Haenam, annual ring growth was correlated with $SO_2$ concentration (p < 0.01), and there was a negative relationship between precipitation pH and annual ring area (p < 0.01) which may reflect changes in nutrient cycles due to the acid rain. Therefore, the combined effects of increased $CO_2$, N deposition, and temperature on tree ring growth in Jangseong may be linked to soil acidification in this forest ecosystem. The interactions between air pollution ($SO_2$) and precipitation pH in Haenam may affect tree growth and may change nutrient cycles in this site. These results suggested that annual tree ring growth in Jangseong was more correlated with environmental variables than that in Haenam. However, the further growth of C. japonica forest at two sites is at risk from the long-term effects of acid deposition from fossil fuel combustion.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1989

개발된 산성비 모델에서는 다종의 대기오염물 제거로 인한 강우내의 화학성분과 산성도의 고도별 및 시간별 변화를 예측하기 위하여, 강우시 구름내와 밑에서 일어나는 대기 오염물의 강우내로의 물질전달 현상과 화학반응 현상을 동시에 고려하였다. 또한, 강우 산성도의 형성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 구름내에서의 복잡한 동력학적 특성을 고려하기 위하여 강우율의 높이별 변화를 단순화하여 해석하였다. 개발모델을 이용하여 1985년과 1987년 가을의 서울시 산성비에 대하여, 산성비 모델을 이용하여 추정한 pH값과 실측 pH값 사이의 상관관계는 0.57을 나타내었고, 효과적이고 정량적인 관리를 위하여 대기중의 이산화황 농도, 구름층의 두께, 지상에서의 강우율 및 황산이온의 형성에 중요한 역활을 하는 산화제들의 강우 산성도에 미치는 영향을 민감도 분석을 통해서 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.659-667
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• 2018

$NO_x$ and $SO_2$ are mainly generated in the combustion of fossil fuels, and they cause secondary aerosol formation and acid rain in the atmosphere. Many studies have been conducted on the wet scrubbing process which can simultaneously reduce $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ at relatively low temperature. In this study, we conducted an experimental study on wet scrubbing by using NaOH solution. Especially, this study focuses on $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ removal characteristics by varying $NO_2/NO_x$ ratio and $SO_2$ concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

Human being have destroyed environment through rapid industrialization, so that the world is increasingly faced with golbal environmental problem such as destruction of ozone layer, global warming., acid rain, decertification and we are heading toward impending disaster of the earth. Especially, recent environmental pollution of China from rapid economic development threatens neighboring Korea and Japan. Regional development are necessary for promotion of national prosperity, but theses regional developments must have brought about environmental and preservation. Actually there are so many conflict cases; Saemankum reclamation project, construction of nuclear waste storage facility, dam construction of China etc. Here, harmony and balance between development and preservation are needed to solve these great crux. Under theses condition, the concept of ESSD(Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development) emerged as a global issue. And staring point to solve present environmental problems is to perceive the truth that we have inherited only one earth and hence owe a debt to preserve its environment for the benefit of the future generations.