• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate extract from mixed culture with Trichloloma matsutake mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for diabetes mellitus. To evaluate of hypoglycemic activity of OCM extracts, we examined the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidasein OCM, blood glucose level and liver function of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rat. Experimental group was divided into 6 groups: first, it was divided into normal control group(hereafter NC group) and diabetes-induced group, and diabetes-induced group was subdivided into diabetic control group(DC group), treated by hot water extracts group(HE), ultra sonic waves, micro waves, and micro bubble extracts g roup(UE), crude polysaccharide of HE group (HEE) and crude polysaccharide of UE group(UEE) at a dose of 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. In diabetic-induced groups, after streptozotocin was melted in 0.01M citrate buffer at 50mg/kg/body weight, when the non-fasting blood glucose levelwas 300 mg/dl or more in blood collected from the tail vein, it was regarded as diabetic induction and then such diabetic-induced experimental animals were used in this experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose level increased by 4.19% in DC group but significantly decreased by 32.34%, 19.19%, 17.81% and 17.64%, respectively in UEEE, UE, HE, and HEE groups. In the cases of AST, ALT, and ALP, the experiment group treated with extracts showed significantly lowerblood glucose level than DC group. The levels of BUN and uric acid were found to be lower in the UMPM extract group(UE) than HW extract group(HE), which implies that herb medicine medium extracts in which Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are effective in reducing impaired liver function as well as high blood glucose level caused by diabetes. In addition, the administration of low temperature UMPM extracts was found to produce better results than that of high temperature hot water extracts. In this regard, it is expected that extracts from herb medicine obtained by cultivating Tricholoma matsutake mycelia will be widely used as new ingredients for foods and medicines for prevention and treatment of diabetes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1105-1112
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• 1997

약산성 다당 GL-4IIb2'에 대해 연속적 부분 산가수 분해 과정을 거쳐, 2종의 oligo당 획분 PA-2' 및 PA-1-III를 분리하고 그들의 구조분석을 행하였다. PA-2'는 주요 구성당으로 Rha 와 특이당 Kdo를 동일한 비율로 함유하고 있었으며, permethylated oligosaccharide-alditol로 전환시켜, GC-MS로 분석한 결과, m/z 189$(bA_1)$및 m/z 308 $(aJ_2)$에서 6-deoxyhexose와 Kdo에 기인하는 fragment ion이 관찰되었다. 이 peak는 m/z 162에서 특징적인 ion을 나타낸 반면 m/z 177 ion이 관찰되지 않음으로써 Kdo의 C4위치가 아닌 C5위치가 치환되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한 methyl화 분석 결과, PA-2'은 환원말단 Rhap와 5-substituted Kdo가 높은 비율로 검출되었으며 환원 형태의 PA-2'를 대상으로 $^1M-NMR$ 분석을 하였을 때 ${\delta}$ 5.09 ppm에서 ${\alpha}-L-Rha$의 anomeric proton에 기인한 단일 signal이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 부터 PA-2'는 주로 ${\alpha}-L-Rhap-(1{\rightarrow}5)-Kdo$로 구성되었다는 사실을 알 수 있었다 한편. PA-1-III는 소량의 Ara 믹 Dha와, 다량의 Rha 및 Kdo가 주요 구성당으로 나타났으며, PA-1-III 획분의 permethylated oligosaccharide-alditol 유도체는 GC상에서 3개의 peak (1P, 2P 및 3P)로 분리되었다. 이들의 MS 분석 결과, 높은 비율로 검출된 1P는 $Rhap-(1{\rightarrow}5)-Kdo$의 구조로 나타났으며 반면 낮은 비율의 2P및 3P는 $Araf-(1{\rightarrow}5)-Dha$의 동일구조를 갖는 것으로 확인되었는데 이는 Dha의 carbonyl 환원과정 중 생성된 epimer로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 상지에 배양한 상황버섯 균사체 유래 다당류의 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 조다당류의 분리 및 정제를 통해 분획을 얻었으며, 다양한 면역증강 효과를 확인하였다. 건조된 조다당류를 DEAE-sepharose CL-6B를 이용하여 크로마토그래피한 후 340 nm에서의 흡광도, 단백질, 당 및 uronic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 증류수로 용출되는 비흡착 분획(PF-1, 분획번호 3~15)과 흡착된 후 NaCl 용액에 의해 용출되는 분획(PF-2, 분획번호 24~33)을 얻었다. 분획물 PF-1 및 PF-2의 유용성분 함량으로 총당 함량은 각각 75.51%, 52.38%, 총단백질 함량은 1.63%, 8.41%, uronic acid 함량은 17.53%, 15.04% 및 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 28.33%, 25.04%로 나타났다. PF-1 및 PF-2에 대해 대식세포주에 처리하여 세포생존율을 확인한 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도까지 유의적으로 세포사멸이 나타나지 않아 세포독성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. Nitric oxide 생성량은 PF-1 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서는 nitric oxide 생성량이 $23.11{\mu}M$로 나타나 양성대조군으로 사용된 LPS 100 ng/mL 처리군($30.30{\mu}M$)의 약 76%의 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, cytokine 생성량($TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6) 또한 무처리군에 비하여 높은 생성량을 나타내었다. Polymerase chain reaction을 통한 면역 관련 유전자 발현분석 결과, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6에서 PF-1 분획에서 높은 발현량을 나타내어 면역 증강을 목적으로 한 기능성 식품 개발에 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.264-269
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• 2001

Large amounts of orange juice are produced in Japan every yea.. Accompanied by the production of orange juice, large amount of juice residues are also generated in nearly the same amounts with juice. Although, at present, some of these residues are marketed as a feed for cattle after drying and mixing with lime, the marketing price is lower than its production cost and the difference is paid by the consumers as a part of the price of orange juice. In the present work, we developed new innovative use of orange juice residue, a biomass waste, as adsorption gel for removing toxic heavy metals such as lead. arsenic, selenium and so on as well as radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium from environments. The major components of orange juice residue are cellulose. hemicellulose and pectin, which are converted into pectic. acid, an acidic polysaccharide, by means of saponification with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. In the previous work, we found that crosslinked pectic acid gel strongly an selectively adsorbs lead over other metals such as zinc an copper. On the other hand. it is well known that polysaccharides such as cellulose can be easily phosphorylated and that phosphorylated polysaccharides have high affinity to uranium and thorium as well as some trivalent metals such as ferric iron and aluminum. Taking account of the noticeable characteristics of these polysaccharides, 2 types of adsorption gels were prepared from orange juice residue: one is the gel which was prepared by saponificating the residue followed by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin and another is that prepared by crosslinking the residue followed by phosphorylation. The former gel exhibited excellent adsorptive separation behavior for lead away from zinc owing to high content of pectic acid while the latter gel exhibited that for uranium and thorium. Both types of adsorption gels exhibited high affinity to ferric iron, which enables selective and strong adsorption for some toxic oxo-anions of arsenic (V and III), . selenium and so on via iron loaded on these gels. These results demonstrate that biomass wastes such as orange juice residue can be effectively utilized fer the purpose of removing toxic heavy or radioactive metals existing in trace or small amounts in environments.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.633-640
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• 2011

영지버섯 균사체(Ganoderma lucidum, GL)의 면역활성을 증진시키기 위하여 기본배지인 mushroom complete medium(MCM)에 수삼추출물(GE, 65$^{\circ}Bx$)을 농도별로 첨가한 혼합 액체배지에서 균사체를 배양한 후 원심분리로 균사체를 회수하여 동결건조하고 열수추출과 에탄올 침전처리를 이용하여 조다당획분(CP)을 분획하였다. MCM 부피의 15% GE가 첨가된 혼합배지에서 배양된 수삼추출물-영지 균사체의 GL-GE-15-CP는 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 5%와 10% GE가 첨가된 GL-GE-5-, 10-CP 및 GE가 첨가되지 않은 일반-영지 균사체의 GL-CP보다 유의적으로 높은 마크로파지 활성을 나타내었으며, Peyer's patch를 경유한 장관면역 활성도 증진되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 활성획분인 GL-GE-15-CP는 DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B의 분획을 통하여 GL-GE-15-CP의 다른 획분 또는 시료대조군인 GL-CP로부터 분획된 모든 획분보다 유의적으로 높은 마크로파지 활성, IL-12 생산능 및 장관면역 활성(각각 1.75, 5.68, 1.76배)을 갖는 다당획분인 GL-GE-15-CP-II을 분리하였다. 또한, GL-GE-15-CP-II는 동일 NaCl 농도에서 분획된 시료대조군인 GL-CP-II보다 200 ${\mu}g$/마우스의 농도에서 colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell에 대하여 유의적으로 높은 암전이 억제활성도 보여주었다(tumor control의 72.8% 억제활성). 한편, 활성 다당획분인 GL-GE-15-CP-II는 주로 중성당(83.00%)과 산성당(9.11%)으로 구성되어 있었으며, 구성당 분석결과에서 Ara, Man, Gal와 Glc의 중성당으로 구성되어져 있음을 확인할 수 있었다(molar ratio; 0.28 : 0.39 : 0.50 : 0.75 : 1.00). 따라서 영지버섯 균사체 배양에 있어서 MCM 기본배지에 수삼추출물의 첨가는 균사체의 면역활성 증진에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 보이며, 활성 다당획분의 구성당 분포를 비교할 때 중성 다당류가 면역활성 증진에 관여하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2003

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes a highly contagious pleuropneumoniae in swine. The bacterium produces several virulence factors such as exotoxin, LPS, capsular polysaccharide, etc. Among them, the exotoxin, called Apx, has been focused as the major virulence factor, and the toxin consists of 4 gene cluster. apx CABD. apxA is the structural gene of toxin and has four different types, I, II, III, and IV. As the first step of development of a new subunit vaccine, the three different types of apxA gene were amplified from A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from Korea by PCR with primer designed based on the N- and C-terminal of the toxin. The sizes of apxIA, IIA and IIIA were 3,073, 2,971 and 3,159bps, respectively. The comparison of whole DNA sequences of apxIA, IIA and IIIA genes with those of the reference strain demonstrated 98%, 99% and 98% homology, respectively. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the amino acid sequences compared with 12 different RTX toxin family using the neighbor-joining method. ApxA proteins of Korean isolates were identical with reference strains in this study. All ApxA proteins were expressed in E. coli with pQE expression vector and identified using Western blot with polyclonal antibodies against culture supernatants of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 or 5. The sizes of each expressed ApxA protein were about 120, 110, 125 kDa (M.W.), respectively. The results obtained in this study could be used for the future study to develop a new vaccine to porcine pleuropneumoniae.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.123-144
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• 1996

This review deals briefly with the various medicinal components(mainly saikosaponins), their biological activities and the variation of their contents by different cultivation environment and plant parts in Bupleurum species. Bupleuri radix, a crude drug, is the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (Korea, Japan), B. chinense(China), and their related species (Umbelliferae). There are over 120 species in Bupleurum genus throughout world, mainly Asian area, and over 5 species in Korea, investigated up to now. These plants contain many physiological active compounds and the principal components are saikosaponins. Major activities of this crude drug and saikosaponins are the anti-inflammatory and antihepatotoxic activities. Saikosaponins and their derivatives in Bupleurum spp. have been chemically studied, isolated and identified over 70 compounds in over 50 species. Other components, physiologically active ones, also have been investigated, which are the groups of lignan, flavonoid, essential oil, polyacetylene, polysaccharide, etc. Saikosaponins belong to the group of triterpenoid saponin chemotaxonomically and occur the accumulation and turnover in plant tissues through secondary metabolism, mevalonic acid pathway. The contents and kinds of saikosaponins and other components in Bupleurum spp. plants are various due to different species and growing environments, as the plant growth characters and yield are various. Most of medicinal plants as well as Bupleurum species are very useful as agricultural products and traditional medicines, and also are very valuable as genetic resources and natural products. So we need to collect, evaluate, preserve, and utilize various medicinal plants, and also to under-stand secondary metabolism and improve the breeding and cultivation techniques for the safe production of crude drugs with high quality and yielding.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.737-746
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• 2012

본 연구는 mushroom complete medium(MCM) 액체배지에 수삼 추출물(GE, $65^{\circ}Bx$)을 첨가하여 면역활성이 증진된 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceum) 균사체를 배양하고, 균사체로부터 활성다당성분을 분획하고자 하였다. MCM에 대하여 GE를 5, 10과 15%(v/v) 첨가한 액체배지에서 균사체를 배양하고, 각각의 조다당획분(HE-GE-5-CP, HE-GE-10-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP)으로 분획하여 면역활성을 측정한 결과, HE-GE-10-CP는 HE-GE-5-CP와 HE-GE-15-CP보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, GE를 첨가하지 않은 MCM에서 배양된 균사체 조다당획분(HE-CP)보다 유의적으로 증진된 면역활성을 나타내었다. 또한, HE-GE-10-CP의 DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B 분획물 중 가장 높은 활성을 나타낸 HE-GE-10-CP-II획분은 대조군인 HE-CP의 어떠한 획분보다도 유의적으로 높은 면역활성과 암 전이 억제활성을 나타내었다. 한편, 활성획분인 HE-GE-10-CP-II는 arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose와 uronic acid(molar ratio; 0.34:0.26:0.99:1.00:0.39)로 구성되어 있으나, 대조군인 HE-CP의 동일용매 용출획분으로서 HE-GE-10-CP-II보다는 활성이 낮은 HE-CP-II는 fucose, mannose, galactose와 glucose(molar ratio; 0.32:0.55:1.00:0.96)를 함유하여 다른 구성당 분포를 나타내었다. 따라서 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체 액체배양에서 수삼 추출물 첨가는 균사체의 구성당 변화를 통한 면역활성 증진에 관여하는 것으로 사료되어 기능성 소재 개발에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

The aims of this work were to characterize and determine bioactivities of crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) extract from Bacillus tequilensis PS21 isolated from milk kefir from Kampaeng Petch, Thailand. B. tequilensis PS21 produced 112.1 mg dried EPS/l from initial 80 g/l lactose in modified TSB media at 52 h, with EPS product yield of 8.9 mg EPS/g lactose and specific product yield of 0.3 mg EPS/mg biomass. The FTIR result confirmed EPS to be a protein-bound polysaccharide and SEM analysis showed the morphology to be a grainy appearance with an uneven surface, covered with pores. HPLC analysis determined EPS as a heteropolysaccharide consisting of five sugar units with the following molar ratios; xylose (17.65), glucose (2.54), ribose (1.83), rhamnose (1.23), and galactose (1). Chemical components of this EPS were predominantly carbohydrate at 697.8 mg/g EPS (65%), protein 361.4 mg/g EPS (34%), and nucleic acid 12.5 mg/g EPS (1%). The EPS demonstrated antioxidant activities at 57.5% DPPH scavenging activity, $37.2{\mu}M\;Fe(II)/mg$ EPS and $34.9{\mu}M\;TEAC\;{\mu}M/mg$ EPS using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively. EPS also exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity at 34.9% inhibition. This work represents the first finding of EPS produced by Bacillus sp. from Thai milk kefir which shows potential applications in the production of antioxidant functional foods and whitening cosmetics. However, optimization of EPS production for industrial exploitation requires further study to ascertain the economic potential.

• 셀메드
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.5
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• 2013

Previous reports showed that Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (CASE), which was mainly composed of astragalosides, astragalus polysaccharide and salvianolic acids, inhibited hepatic fibrosis by mediating transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ (TGF-${\beta}$)/Smad signaling. Our aim was to examine the effects of CASE on D-galactosamine (D-GalN) treated liver injury in mice and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. CASE was administered to mice with D-GalN-induced liver injury and to rats with $CCl_4$-induced liver fibrosis, respectively. Liver injury was routinely evaluated by relative liver weight, serum levels of ALT, AST, hyaluronic acid (HA), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hydroxyproline (HYP) and histopathologic changes. Treatment of mice with CASE (60, 120, and 240 mg/kg, ig) significantly lowered ALT, relative liver weight, and MDA levels when compared with D-GalN treated mice. CASE (120, 240 mg/kg) significantly lowered ALT, AST, HA, HYP, and MDA levels against $CCl_4$ treated rats. Decreased SOD level was reversed with CASE treatment. Upon histopathological examination, CASE treatment had significantly inhibitory effect on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats. These results indicate that CASE might be effective in treatment and prevention of acute and chronic hepatic injury due to its antioxidant activity.