• 제목/요약/키워드: acetyl acetate

검색결과 87건 처리시간 0.021초

Surface Modification of Cellulose Acetate using $UV/O_3$ Irradiation

  • Lee, Hae-Sung;Jeong, Yong-Kyun;Jang, Jin-Ho
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2006
  • Upon $UV/O_3$ irradiation cellulose acetate (CA) films showed modified surface properties such as increased hydrophilicity and surface roughness as well as increased dyeability to cationic dyes. UV treatment induced photoscission of acetyl groups in the main chain of CA resulting in decreased degree of substitution from 2.2 to 1.3. The slight decreases in reflectance and transmittance were caused by remarkably increased nano-scale surface roughness of the CA surface as much as 20-fold, which can destructively interfere with visible lights of wavelength lower thu 500nm. Water contact angle decreased from $54^{\circ}\;to\;14^{\circ}$ with increasing UV energy. Surface energy also increased slightly. The surface energy change was attributed to significant contribution of polar component rather than nonpolar component indicating surface photooxidation of CA film. The increased dyeability to cationic dyes in terms of both K/S and %E may be due to photochemically introduced anionic and dipolar dyeing sites on the film surfaces.

Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Cellulose Acetate Propionate (CAP) Over SO42-/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalyst

  • Leng, Yixin;Zhang, Yun;Huang, Chunxiang;Liu, Xiaocheng;Wu, Yuzhen
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.1160-1164
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    • 2013
  • The solid super acid catalyst $SO{_4}^{2-}$/$ZrO_2$ was prepared by impregnation method using $ZrO_2$ as the catalyst support. Catalyst forming was taken into consideration in order to separate catalyst from the mixture of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP). $Al_2O_3$ and sesbania gum powder were selected as binding agent and auxiliary agent respectively. The catalytic properties were evaluated through esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride and characterized by XRD, FTIR and $NH_3$-TPD. In this paper, the effects of concentration of $H_2SO_4$ impregnated, calcination temperature, esterification temperature and esterification time on the yield, acyl content and viscosity of CAP were investigated. The results showed that $SO{_4}^{2-}/ZrO_2$ successfully catalyzed CAP synthesis over catalysts impregnated in 0.75 mol/L $H_2SO_4$ and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. The yield, acetyl content and propionyl content of CAP reached the maximum value of 105.3%, 29.9% and 25.8% reacted at $50^{\circ}C$ for 8 h.

Pharmaceutical Studies on Chitosan Matrix: Controlled release of aspirin from chitosan device

  • Lee, Chi-Young;Kim, Sung-Ho
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.88-93
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    • 1987
  • Chitosan ($\beta$-D-glucosaminan) is chemically prepared from chitin (N-acetyl-$\beta$- D-glucosaminan) which is an unutilized natural resource. We now report on the suitability of the chitosan matrix for use as vehicles for the controlled release of drugs. Salicylic acid and aspirin were used as model drugs in this study. The permeation of salicylic acid in the chitosan membranes was determined in a glass diffusion cell with two compartments of equal volume. Drug release studies on the devices were conducted in a beaker containing 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Partition coefficient (Kd) value for acetate membrane (472) is much greater than that for fluoro-perchlorate chitosan membrane (282). Higher Kd value for acetate chitosan membrane appears to be inconsisstent with the bulk salicylic acid concentration. The permeability constants of fluoro-perchlorate and acetate chisotan membranes for salicylic acid were 3.139 ${\times}10^{-7}cm^2$ min up to 60 min and that of 30% aspirin in the devices was 4.739${\times}10^{-7}cm^2$sec upto 60 min. As the loading dose of aspirin in a chitosan device increased, water up-take of chitosan device increased, but in case of salicylic acid it decreased. The release rate increased with increase in the molecular volume of the drugs. Thses result suggest that the release mechanism may be controlled mainly by diffusion through pores.

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들깻잎에서 동정된 항돌연변이 물질 (Antimutagenic Compounds Identified front Perilla Leaf)

  • Lee, Kyeoung-Im;Rhee, Sook-Hee;Park, Kun-Young;Kim, Jeong-Ok
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 1992
  • 들깻잎의 메탄을 추출물이 S. typhimurium TA98과 100에서 aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$)의 돌연변이 유발성을 억제시키는 효과가 있었다. 메탄을 추출물을 silica gel column을 사용하여 더욱 분획하여 항돌연변이 효과를 시험하였으며, 그중 효과가 가장 컸던 fraction 중의 화합물을 분리, 동정한 결과 2-ethoxy acetate, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetramethyl-cis-cyclobutene, 두 개의 methyl 11, 14, 17-eicosatrienoate 이성체, 12-acetyl-9-octadecanoic acid, 그리고 Phytol이 있음이 잠정적으로 밝혀졌다. Phytol과 methyill, 14, 17-eicosatrienoate의 표준품을 사용하여 AFB$_1$및 Trp-P-2에 대한 항돌연변이 효과를 시험한 결과 그 효과가 컸음이 밝혀졌다.

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A Cell-Based Assay System for Monitoring NF-$\kappa$B Activity in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes: A Screening Tool of the Antioxidants and Anti-inflammatories for Dermatological Purpose

  • Moon, Ki-Young;Hahn, Bum-Soo;Lee, Jinseon;Kim, Yeong-Shik
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2001
  • A cell-based assay system for monitoring NF-$textsc{k}$B activity was developed to determine the influence of activated NF-$textsc{k}$B in human HaCaT cells. The pNF-$textsc{k}$B-SEAP-NPT plasmid that permits expression of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reported gene in response to the NF-$textsc{k}$B activity and contains neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene for the geneticin resistance in host cells was constructed and transfected into human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Human HaCaT transfectant cells secreted the SEAP enzyme into the culture medium in a time-dependent manner until 72h. NF-$textsc{k}$B activities were measured in the SEAP reporter gene assay using a fluorescent detection method. The treatment of HaCaT cell transfectants with known antioxidants [e.g., N-acetyl-L-cysteine and vitamin C] showed inhibition of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) known as a stimulator of NF-$textsc{k}$B expression demonstrated that it increased NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This assay system could be used to determine the quantitative measurement of NF-$textsc{k}$B activity in the human skin and allow the screening of anti-inflammatory agents from various synthetic chemicals and natural products for dermatological purpose. Abbrevitions used: NF-$textsc{k}$B, nuclear factor kappa B; I-$textsc{k}$B, Inhibitory kappa B; SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase; NPT, neomycin phosphotransferease; PCR, polymerase chain reaction: dNTP, deoxynucleoside triphosphates; DMEM, dulbecco’s modified eagle medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PBs, phosphate-buffered saline; MUP, 4-methylumbellifery phosphate; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.

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팔당호에서 종속영양 활성도의 계절적 변화 및 세균의 세포외 효소활성 (Seasonal Fluctuations of Heterotrophic Activity and Bacterial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Paldang Lake)

  • 김상진
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 1993
  • 수계생태계에서 유기물질의 순환을 이해하기 위하여 팔당호에서 종속영양 활성도와 세균세포의 효소활성의 계절절 변화를 연구하였다. 팔당호 I 의 glucose 전환시간은 수층, 퇴적토에서 2-1,300 시간, 17-170 시간, protein hydrolysate 는 5-900 시간, 15-240 시간, acetic acid 는 4-350 시간, 15-230 시간으로 계절적인 변화를 나타냈다. Glucose, protein hydrolysate, acetate 각각의 호흡율은 수층에서 23-32%, 38-41%, 22-28%로 나타났고 퇴적토에서는 34%, 61% and 41% 로 나타났다. 이 결과로 3가지 유기물질 종류 모두가 수층보다 퇴적토에서는 높은 율로 호흡됨을 알 수 있었다. 한편 세균의 $\alpha$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucosidase, N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase, aminopeptidase 활성력을 살펴본 결과 수층에서는 효소 각각에 대해 32-44%, 31-32%, 18-34% 61-67% 의 범위를 나타내었고 퇴적토에서는 34%, 40%, 23% 65%로 나타났다.

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막걸리 발효조건에 따른 isoamyl acetate 생성 비교 (Effects of Isoamyl Acetate Production in Makgeolli According to Fermentation Conditions)

  • 송충성;주현목;김진만
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.162-168
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    • 2020
  • 전통주를 대표하는 주종인 막걸리는 최근 지속적인 출고량의 감소세를 보여 막걸리의 고급화 또는 프리미엄화가 필요한 시점이다. 고급화를 위해서는 술의 향기가 중요한데 대부분 막걸리의 경우에 소비자들이 관능적으로 인식할 수 있는 정도의 향기가 나타나지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 98-5KCCM11396P 효모와 isoamyl acetate의 합성을 저해하는 unsaturated fatty acid가 존재하는 일반적인 도정율의 쌀을 사용하여 발효온도와 당농도를 달리하여 대표적인 바나나 향기인 isoamyl acetate 생성량의 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 발효온도 20℃에서 관능적으로 바나나향기를 가장 잘 느낄 수 있었으며 GC-MS 분석결과에는 발효온도 10℃와 당농도가 높을수록 isoamyl acetate가 다량 정량 되었다. 이에 막걸리 담금 과정에서 발효 초반 isoamyl acetate의 기질인 isoamyl alcohol 생성량을 증가시키고 alcohol acetyltransferase의 열에 의한 안정성 및 불포화지방산에 의한 저해를 최소화해야 한다. 또한 저온발효로 인한 생산 원가 부담을 감안하여, 발효 초반 당성분을 보충해주고 발효 온도를 20℃~25℃로 높게 유지해야한다. 이후 관능적으로 바나나 향기를 인식할 수 있도록 isoamyl acetate 이외의 향기성분을 생성시키면서 연속적으로 추가 담금을 해가며 단계적으로 온도를 10℃~15℃까지 낮추는 방법을 통해 효과적으로 막걸리에서 바나나 향기를 생성시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Characterization of Heterologously Expressed Acetyl Xylan Esterase1 Isolated from the Anaerobic Rumen Fungus Neocallimastix frontalis PMA02

  • Kwon, Mi;Song, Jaeyong;Park, Hong-Seog;Park, Hyunjin;Chang, Jongsoo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권11호
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    • pp.1576-1584
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    • 2016
  • Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE), which hydrolyzes the ester linkages of the naturally acetylated xylan and thus known to have an important role for hemicellulose degradation, was isolated from the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontatlis PMA02, heterologously expressed in Escherichi coli (E.coli) and characterized. The full-length cDNA encoding NfAXE1 was 1,494 bp, of which 978 bp constituted an open reading frame. The estimated molecular weight of NfAXE1 was 36.5 kDa with 326 amino acid residues, and the calculated isoelectric point was 4.54. The secondary protein structure was predicted to consist of nine ${\alpha}$-helixes and 12 ${\beta}$-strands. The enzyme expressed in E.coli had the highest activity at $40^{\circ}C$ and pH 8. The purified recombinant NfAXE1 had a specific activity of 100.1 U/mg when p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NA) was used as a substrate at $40^{\circ}C$, optimum temperature. The amount of liberated acetic acids were the highest and the lowest when p-NA and acetylated birchwood xylan were used as substrates, respectively. The amount of xylose released from acetylated birchwod xylan was increased by 1.4 fold when NfAXE1 was mixed with xylanase in a reaction cocktail, implying a synergistic effect of NfAXE1 with xylanase on hemicellulose degradation.

아세트산비닐의 삼차부틸알코올계 저온 중합 및 비누화에 의한 고분자량 폴리비닐알코올의 합성 (Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Poly(vinyl alcohol) by Low Temperature Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Tertiary Butyl Alcohol and the Following Saponification)

  • 류원석;한성수;최진현;유상우;홍성일
    • 폴리머
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.610-620
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    • 2000
  • 아세트산비닐(VAc)을 아조비스디메틸발레로니트릴(ADMVN) 및 삼차부틸알코올 (TBA)을 각각 개시제 및 용매로 하여 30, 40 및 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 용액중합하였다. 합성된 폴리아세트산비닐 (PVAc)을 비누화함으로써 고분자량 혼성배열 폴리비닐알코올(PVA)을 제조하였다. 중합조건들이 전환률, 가지화도 및 PVAc와 PVA의 분자량에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. TBA에서의 VAc의 중합 속도는 ADMVN 농도의 0.49승에 비례하였고, 이는 이론치 0.5와 잘 일치하였다. 저온에서 개시가 가능한 ADMVN 및 낮은 사슬이동상수를 갖는 TBA를 사용함으로써 고분자량 및 고수율의 PVA가 얻어졌다. PVAc의 평균 중합도는 전환률 약 35%부터 70%의 범위에서 10000~13000이었고, 이를 비누화하여 얻은 PVA의 평균 중합도는 2400~6100이었다. 교대배열 다이애드기 함량은 중합온도를 낮춤에 따라 조금씩 증가하였고, 중합시 TBA의 입체장애 효과 때문에 TBA의 양을 증가시킴에 따라서도 증가하였다.

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Photo-assisted Fenton 반응에 다양한 Fe(III) chelator를 적용한 LNAPL(BTEX/MTBE)오염 지하수 처리에 관한 연구 (The Treatment of LNAPL(BETXlMTBE) Contaminated Groundwater Applying Photo-assisted Fenton Reaction with Various Fe(III) Chelator)

  • 박종훈;도시현;이홍균;조영훈;공성호
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는(Fe$^{3+}$+chelating agent)/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정 [Fe(III) 1mM, ocalate 6mM, H$_2$O$_2$ 3%, pH 6]과 UV/(Fe$^{3+}$+chelating agent)/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정 [UV dose 17.4kWh/L, Fe(III) 1mM, oxalate 6mM, H$_2$O$_2$ 1%, pH6]에서 BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene)를 분해하기위해 다양한 착제를 토입, 그 분해효율을 비교하였다. 착제의 종류는 catechol, NTA, gallic, acetyl acetone, succinic, acetate, EDTA, citrate, malonate, 그리고 oxalate,총 10가지 종류의 착제를 사용하였으며, 그 중,acetate를 착제로 사용한 경우, 가장 높은 분해효율을 나타내었다. 또한, UV를 조사한 경우, 모든 착제에 대한 BTEX의 분해효율이 UV를 조사하지 않은 (Fe$^{3+}$+chelating agent)/H$_2$O$_2$ 공정의 분해효율보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한BTEX와 무연 휘발유의 첨가제로 사용되고 있는 MTBE(methl tert-butylether)의 혼합복합물(각각의 농도는 200mg/L)에 대해서도 acetate를 착제로 사용한 UV/(Fe$^{3+}$+chelating agent)/H$_2$O$_2$공정에서 높은 분해효율을 보였다. 이 경우, BTEX는 반응시간 180분 만에 완전 분해되었으며, MTBE의 경우, 85%의 분해효율을 보였다. 이러한 실험 결과는 acetate를 착제로 사용한 UV/(Fe$^{3+}$+chelating agent)/H$_2$O$_2$공정은 BTEX 분해효율뿐만 아니라, BTEX와 MTBE복합오염물의 분해효율도 증가시킬수 있음을 입증하고 있다.