• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1994

Membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) was purified to homogeneous state fron an acetic acid producing bacteria, Acetobacter sp. HA. The enzyme was purified about 153-fold with an overall yield of 35% from the crude cell extract by solubilization and extraction of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractions by column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE, the enzyme showed the presence of three subunits with a molecular mass of 79,000 daltons, 49,000, and 45,000 daltons, respectively. Absorption oxidized aliphatic alcohols with a straight carbon chain except for methanol. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were also oxidizable substrates. The apparent $K_m$ for ethanol was 1.38mM. The optimun pH and temperature were 5.0~6.0 and 32${\circ}C$, respectively. $V_2O_5$ and heavy metals such as $ZnCl_2\;and\; NiCl_2$ were inhibitory to the enzyme activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.573-577
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• 2000

The optimum fermentation conditions for the production of cellulose by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 were determined in static cultures. The strain was able to produce cellulose at $25-30^{\circ}C$ with a maximum at $30^{\circ}C$. Cellulose production occurred at pH 6.5-8.0 with a maximum at pH 6.5. The optimal culture medium was found to consists of 1.0% glucose, 1.0% yeast extract, 0.7% polypeptone, 0.15% acetic acid and 0.02% succinic acid. Cellulose production by Acetobacter sp. A9 followed the growth curve. Highest cellulose production, under optimum conditions, was $24.1m^2$, although this strain typically produced only $12.1 g/m^2$ in the basic medium. Cellulose production also depended on the depth and volume of the medium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

Productivity of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum GS11 was investigated in the several culture conditions. In various carbon sources, others with the exception of glucose were not found to be effective for cellulose production, and 2% was better in yield than other concentration of glucose. Yeast extract and soytone among several organic nitrogens were effective, but inorganic nitrogen sources tested were not efficient for cellulose production by A. xylinum GS11. The effects of various inorganic salts, amino acids and vitamins were also investigated: $MgSO_4$, phenylalanine and $\alpha$-tocopherol gave the cellulose yield of 1.5, 1.4 and 1.4 fold, respectively, compared with basal medium. In our experiment, cellulose production by A. xylinum GS11 added with 10% coconut milk and 0.5% lignosulfonate in basal medium, was the most efficient among the several material sources employed here, and these were 2.2 and 2.1 fold, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-13
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• 2001

Several culture conditions affecting cellulose production by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 were examined by cultivating cells under shaking cultures. The inoculum size in the range of 1-10% (v/v) did not influence cellulose production. Maximum cellulose production was obtained with 200 rpm of agitation speed. The cells grown in the 75 ml of medium in a 250-ml conical flask produced the highest level of cellulose. The strain was able to produce cellulose at 25-3$0^{\circ}C$ with a maximum at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Cellulose production occurred at pH 4.5-7.5 with a maximum at pH6.5.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2000

산업적으로 유용한 미생물 유래 셀룰로오스를 생산 이용하기 위해 전국 각지 양조식초의 덧으로부터 세룰로오스의 생산성이 높고 조질의 균일성을 나타내는 균주를 분리하였다 분리균 GS11은 gram 음성이고 간균(0.6$\times$2.2~3.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$)의형태를 하고 있으며 편모를 가지고 있어 운동성을 보였다. 또한 세포내 지방산 조성은 다량의 불포화 지방산 {{{{ {C}_{18:1} }}}}과 포화지반산 {{{{ {C}_{16:0 } }}}}, {{{{ {C}_{14:0 } }}}} 이 대부분을 차지하였고 DNA 염기조성 (G+C) 함량은 58.4% 이였으며 ubiqunone 은 {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}}을 갖는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 형태학적 생리.생화학적 특성의 결과에 따라 본 균주는 Acetobacter xylinum GS11으로 동정되었다 A. xylinum, GS11 의배양기간 동안 셀룰로오스 생산성을 검토하고자 250mL 삼각플라스크에 균주를 접종하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 12일간 정치배양하였다 그결과 기질인 glucose의 소비는 접종 후 급소하게 감소하여 셀룰로오스 생산에 이용되었으며 셀룰오스의 생산은 배양 9일 경에 2.8g/l로 최대의 생산량을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.961-964
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• 2006

GDP-mannosyltransferase (GMT) is an enzyme responsible for the addition of a mannose to glucose ($\alpha$[1$\rightarrow$3]) during biosynthesis of the water-soluble branched polysaccharide acetan in Acefobacter species. In an effort to obtain a cellulose-overproducing bacterium, a mutant defective in GMT of Acetobacter xylinum KCCM 10100 was constructed by single crossover homologous recombination using part of the aceA gene encoding GMT amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The GMT-disrupted mutant produced 23% more cellulose, but 16% less water-soluble polysaccharide than those of the wild-type strain. Analysis of the sugar composition by gel permeation chromatography revealed that water-soluble polysaccharides produced by the GMT-defective mutant contained no mannose molecule.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.683-686
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• 1999

Four mutants of Acetobacter xylinum BRC5 defective in gluconic acid production were isolated from UV-irradiated cells. The gluconic acid-negative mutants did not show glucose oxidase activity. The mutants were also defective in cellulose production. A randomly selected mutant grown in the Hestrin-Schramm medium (pH 6.0) supplemented with gluconic acid, however, was found to synthesize cellulose. The mutant grown in Hestrin-Schramm medium whose pH was adjusted to 5.0 with HC1 and contained no gluconic acid also produced cellulose. Wild-type cells grown under the same condition synthesized cellulose more rapidly than those grown in the pH 6.0 medium.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Vinegar is a widely used acidic seasoning and can be manufactured using various methods and bases, including cereals, wheat, and fruits. Most studies on vinegar have been conducted to evaluate its antioxidant activity. In the present study, fermented dark vinegar (FDV) produced from unpolished rice was examined for its antimicrobial activity, biochemical content, including the amounts of sugar, total soluble sugar, organic acid, and free amino acids, and pH and physiological activity. The antimicrobial efficiency of FDV was assessed using the paper disc-agar diffusion method. FDV exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains that were tested. In fact, the activity of FDV was shown to be higher than that of the commercial antibiotics carbenicillin (50 µg/ml) and tetracycline (50 µg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Lodderomyces elongisporus. The antioxidant activity of FDV and ascorbic acid was evaluated. Using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, we found that FDV has the highest activity of the antioxidants. After spreading FDV onto tryptic soy broth and yeast extract-peptone-dextrose agar media, the microbial strains were isolated and characterized through physiological and biochemical analysis. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, the isolated microorganisms exhibited a close similarity to Acetobacter papayae, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Acetobacter peroxidans.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3877-3880
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• 2013

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 1993

The production of sorbose from sorbitol in resting cell system of Acetobacter suboxydans was studied. The conversion of sorbose from sorbitol was markedly influenced by several factors such as the substrate concentration, reaction time, temperature, pH, metal ions, growth factors and aeration in the resting cells. Sorbose production rapidly increased in the range of 6 mg/ml cells with the concentration of 5% sorbitol. For production of sorbose from sorbitol, optimal temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.0. The production of sorbose from sorbitol was activated by 1 mM of $Al^{+3}$ while inhibited by $Ni^{+2}$. The conversion of sorbitol to sorbose was stimulated by the adding of 1 mM p-aminobenzoic acid and nicotinic acid, respectively. During incubation of 1.5 ml of reaction mixture in 50 ml of Erlenmeyer flask, 5% sorbitol was completly converted to sorbose after 20 hours.