• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-118
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• 2014

Given the context of rapid developing ubiquitous computing environment, it is imperative for users to search and use images based on affective meanings. However, it has been difficult to index affective meanings of image since emotions of image are substantially subjective and highly abstract. In addition, utilizing low level features of image for indexing affective meanings of image has been limited for high level concepts of image. To facilitate the access points of affective meanings of image, this study aims to utilize user-provided responses of images. For a data set, emotional words are collected and cleaned from twenty participants with a set of fifteen images, three images for each of basic emotions, love, sad, fear, anger, and happy. A total of 399 unique emotion words are revealed and 1,093 times appeared in this data set. Through co-word analysis and network analysis of emotional words from users' responses, this study demonstrates expanded word sets for five basic emotions. The expanded word sets are characterized with adjective expression and action/behavior expression.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop education programme on climate change for elementary students which is based on student activity. The programme is intended to raise children's awareness and to build positive attitudes towards climate change. Ten programmes are developed. The main themes of the contents are 'a meteorological observation', 'a change of season', 'the monitoring climates of the past', 'the climate and life', 'the climate and human lives', 'the causes of climate change', 'the influence of the climate change' and 'the action on climate change' which are selected from the survey of previous domestic education programmes. Each programme consists of 5 steps: Introduction, Concrete experience, Reflective observation, Abstract conceptualisation and Active experimentation. We expect that this programme would enhance children's awareness and attitudes on climate change and induce positive and active response to climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

Operation Abstract : Operational cost required for navigating a ship may differ from according to type, scale, economic speed, navigation area and other factors. However, it is known that the fuel oil price ratio takes 50~60 %. It is the current trend because of the use of poor quality fuel and it is reviewed even for small to medium sized ships to save the operational costs due to the recent rise of international oil price. Furthermore, ocean carriers are taking action to low speed navigation as the alternative method of reducing fuel consumption. Hence, in this study, fuel consumption of main engine was measured by using actual operating ship data compared with sea speed at sea. It was suggested that the area of M/E's load(70 %) lower than NCR is the optimal navigating condition through the relation between speed and fuel consumption compared with advance ratio together with the load.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1468-1475
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• 1999

컴퓨터망 보안을 위해서는 취약점의 빠른 발견과 그에 따르는 신속한 조치가 요구된다. 이를 위해 컴퓨터망 여러 곳에서 사용자가 원하는 보안 정보를 수집, 분석하고 수집된 보안 정보들을 효과적으로 보여주는 통합적인 보안 관리를 제공하는 모니터링 방식이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 보안 관리를 위한 동적 모니터링 형식 모델을 제시한다. 동적 모니터링은 상태 전이에 의한 시스템 상태, 사용자와의 상호작용, 시각 및 모니터링 객체의 동적 활성화를 이용하여 컴퓨터망 통합 보안 관리를 제공한다. 계속적으로 변하는 보안 정보, 컴퓨터망 관리자의 관심점과 모니터링 레벨의 변화를 즉각적으로 반영함으로써 관리자에게 컴퓨터망 관리의 정확성, 효율성 그리고 편의성을 제공한다. 모니터링 시스템을 형식적으로 모델링하여 여러 모니터링 응용프로그램의 개발이 가능한 모니터링 플랫폼으로 발전시킬 수 있다. Abstract It is highly required to quickly detect the vulnerability of a computer network system and an appropriate action toward it should be followed as soon as possible for its security. It leads us to the need of a monitoring schema that can provide an integrated security management with carefully selected and analysed data through the computer network for its users. This paper presents a formal model of dynamic monitoring for security management. It provides the comprehensive security management using continuously changing security information, user interactions and dynamic activation of visual and monitoring objects. It enables system security officers to manage computer systems accurately, efficiently and conveniently by reflecting the state transition and the transformation of concerns and a monitoring level of system security officers immediately. This model can be used as the basis of a monitoring platform.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1428-1444
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• 1999

MSC는 ITU에 의해 표준화된, 병행 시스템의 명세를 기술하기 위한 그래픽 형태와 텍스트 형태를 제공하는 언어로서 실시간 시스템 특히 통신 교환 시스템의 특성을 기술하기 위해 자주 사용된다. 통신 시스템이 제대로 동작함을 보이기 위해서는 정형적인 방법을 사용하여 시스템 행위를 검증할 필요가 있다. 통신 소프트웨어를 검증하는 방법 중 하나의 방법으로 유한 상태를 기반으로 하는 방법이 있다. 유한 상태를 기반으로 하는 방법에서는 먼저 시스템 명세에 해당하는 전체 상태 전이 그래프를 생성한 후 이를 바탕으로 model-checking 등의 방법을 사용하여 시스템의 특성을 검증한다. 본 논문에서는 MSC로 기술된 통신 소프트웨어 명세로부터 전체 상태 전이 그래프를 생성하는 방법에 초점을 맞추었다. 시스템 명세에 해당하는 상태 전이 그래프를 생성하기 위해 보다 직관적으로 MSC의 의미론을 표현할 수 있고, 또한 쉽게 전체 상태 전이 그래프를 생성할 수 있는 행위 종속 그래프를 제안하였다. MSC 명세는 일단 행위 종속 그래프로 변환이 되고 이 행위 종속 그래프를 이용하여 전체 상태 전이 그래프가 생성된다.Abstract Message Sequence Chart (MSC) standardized by International Telecommunication Union is a graphical and textual language for describing the specification of concurrent systems. It is frequently used both formally and informally for specifying the behavior of real-time systems, in particular telecommunication switching systems. To ensure that a communication system operates properly, the verification process showing the correctness of system's behavior formally is necessary. One of the verification methods is a finite-state method. In the finite-state method, the global state transition graph (GSTG) is constructed and then safety and liveness properties of systems are verified through a well-known method such as model checking. In this paper, we forcus on the construction of GSTG from the specifications of telecommunication software written in MSC. We suggest Action Dependency Graph (ADG) which can present the semantics of MSC intuitively and also provide a GSTG construction method from ADG. MSC specifications are translated to ADGs and, in turns, the GSTGs are constructed by using these ADGs.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.923-932
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a GRNN(: Generalized Regression Neural Network) algorithms for new eyes and face recognition identification system to solve the points that need corrective action in accordance with the existing problems of facial movements gaze upon it difficult to identify the user and. Using a Kalman filter structural information elements of a face feature to determine the authenticity of the face was estimated future location using the location information of the current head and the treatment time is relatively fast horizontal and vertical elements of the face using a histogram analysis the detected. And the light obtained by configuring the infrared illuminator pupil effects in real-time detection of the pupil, the pupil tracking was to extract the text print vector. The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text as it is here, below the author information.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.352-376
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• 2018

Through this research, the current state of naval coordination and guidance of shipping is reviewed whereupon which a suggestion is made for a novel role which satisfies the needs of the people and the country asked of the Navy. Taking into consideration the dynamic security environment, the developing relationship between the two nations on the Korean peninsula, and the influence that the Republic of Korea has on maritime security, it is made more urgent that the Navy takes a proactive course of action in terms of naval coordination and guidance of shipping. The current form of Korean naval coordination and guidance of shipping is adapted from the logical and flexible concepts of NCAPS and NCAGS and is one of many tasks that the Republic of Korea Navy must perform. However, when the Republic of Korea Navy develops blue-water capabilities with the ambitions of protecting its people and their way of life, naval coordination and guidance of shipping could potentially become one of the primary functions of the Republic of Korea Navy that the it must champion. Already, there are indications that foreign navies are, through many developments and commitment towards naval coordination and guidance of shipping, protecting its people and states' interests wherever is necessary. In the case of Chile, its Navy has taken the helm of naval coordination and guidance of shipping and has integrated various maritime organizations including the coast guard and the National Customs Service for the sake of maintaining regional maritime security, showing immediate force if necessary. Presently, as the Republic of Korea Navy looks to be a global naval power, it is important that a reprioritization of the Navy's mission is undertaken, all the while sustaining military readiness posture on the Northern Limit Line. It cannot be any more emphasized how crucial thorough military readiness posture is as a natural stance against the enemy. That being said, contributing towards international maritime security is consistent with the nation's standing. It is a fact that maritime security has been conceptualized and developed merely as a study within the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the Republic of Korea Navy, and other governmental organizations, forces, and academia. Naval cooperation and guidance of shipping suggested by this research as a practical operational field is a concrete solution to what once was an abstract concept. To stand firm on its status as a maritime nation, the Republic of Korea must establish a Maritime Security Organization within its Navy and develop the appropriate doctrines. Attaining experts, developing doctrines, and cultivating the capability to deploy maritime forces will allow for the Republic of Korea to execute a primary role in keeping international maritime security and naval coordination and guidance of shipping. To fully achieve its latent potential necessitates the Republic of Korea Navy to expedite the introduction of naval coordination and guidance of shipping concepts and to establish the appropriate doctrines, operation plans, and organizations.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Information technologies in higher education are the basis for solving the tasks set by monitoring the quality of higher education. The directions of aplying information technologies which are used the most nowadays have been listed. The issues that should be addressed by monitoring the quality of higher education with the use of information technology have been listed. The functional basis for building a monitoring system is the cyclical stages: Observation; Orientation; Decision; Action. The monitoring system's considered cyclicity ensures that the concept of independent functioning of the monitoring system's subsystems is implemented.. It also ensures real-time task execution and information availability for all levels of the system's hierarchy of vertical and horizontal links, with the ability to restrict access. The educational branch uses information and computer technologies to monitor research results, which are realized in: scientific, reference, and educational output; electronic resources; state standards of education; analytical materials; materials for state reports; expert inferences on current issues of education and science; normative legal documents; state and sectoral programs; conference recommendations; informational, bibliographic, abstract, review publications; digests. The quality of Ukrainian scientists' scientific work is measured using a variety of bibliographic markers. The most common is the citation index. In order to carry out high-quality systematization of information and computer monitoring technologies, the classification has been carried out on the basis of certain features: (processual support for implementation by publishing, distributing and using the results of research work). The advantages and disadvantages of using web-based resources and services as information technology tools have been discussed. A set of indicators disclosed in the article evaluates the effectiveness of any means or method of observation and control over the object of monitoring. The use of information technology for monitoring and evaluating higher education is feasible and widespread in Ukrainian education, and it encourages the adoption of e-learning. The functional elements that stand out in the information-analytical monitoring system have been disclosed.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.343-405
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• 2009

This paper is to discuss essential business of hospital business. While the labor world and ILO made continuous recommendation for improvements towards the compulsory arbitration system along with the controversy over unconstitutionality of the system, the Constitutional Court ruled that the system is constitutional on December 23, 1996(90hunba19) and on May 15, 2003 (2001hunga31). Despite this decision from the Constitutional Court, there has been much controversy over whether the compulsory arbitration system infringes the rights of collective action against the principle of trade union & labor relations adjustment which allows Commissioner of the Labor Relations Commission to decide on submission of arbitration by virtue of his/her authority in case where industrial disputes take place in the essential public-service businesses. The revision on the above provision was closely examined from the year 2003 and an agreement was made on the abolition of the compulsory arbitration system and the introduction of essential business with a grand compromise among labor unions, employers and the government on September 11, 2006 followed by revision(Essential business system enacted on January 1, 2008) of the Trade Union & Labor Relations Adjustment Act on December 30 in the same year. Accordingly, in order to perform the essential business, parties to labor relations must have an agreement or obtain a decision by the Labor Relations Commission before taking industrial actions. This paper firstly examined the concept of essential public-service businesses and essential business, legal meaning of essential business, procedures for making agreement and decision and legal effects. Secondly it intensively explored a theory against the principle of the legality which was raised from some part of society. In other words, it is claimed that a theory against the principle of the legality is not consistent with the rule of legislation and some abstract wording is against void for vagueness doctrine because part of crime constitution requirements is delegated to the Presidential Decree or to consultation among parties to labor relations. But analysis on the rule of legislation and void for vagueness doctrine reflected in the decision by the Constitutional Court led that argument for a theory against the principle of the legality is not reasonable. Close examination was done on a formal act of essential business agreement and necessity of prior agreement before submission of decision to the Labor Relations Commission which might have difficulties in performing work. In addition, an example agreement on hospital essential business is attached to help you understand this paper better.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

Textbooks corresponding to curriculum goals are necessary because they are specific products of curriculum and are the most important materials for teaching, learning, and evaluation. In particular, learning objectives written in textbooks should be clearly described because they play a role in promoting learning by showing learning goals to learners clearly. This study analyzed the characteristics of verbs used as predicate of learning objectives written in high school physics I and II textbooks of Korea and compared them with physics textbooks of Singapore and the United States. Results show that Korean textbooks have less kinds of verbs compared to those of Singapore and the United States, and the verbs with abstract and comprehensive meaning such as 'understand' and 'know' were mainly used. In American textbooks, it was noticeable that no verbs have been used by more than 10%. When classifying the learning objectives in the two Korean textbooks, cognitive domain accounted for 98 to 99%, and inquiry domain accounted for only 1% to 2%. With regard to physics textbooks of the United States, inquiry domain accounted for a large proportion of domains in learning objectives compared with physics textbooks of Korea and Singapore. Physics textbooks of Singapore were similar to those of Korea in that learning objectives were biased toward cognitive domain, but differed from those of Korea in that learning objectives were specifically described using action verbs.