• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of occupant's path selection on the shape of the pictogram and the opening/closing of the door. This study was carried out through a simulation experiment using computer virtual reality. Exit light pictogram for exit door and exit light pictogram for passage were arranged for each scenario in type T corridor and type + corridor. The computer graphic was used to carry out the simulation. In addition, we analyzed the response of human behavior according to the two directions (left and right) of exit light pictogram for exit door and the effect of opening direction of doorway. In addition, the change of decision-making according to the presence or absence of exit light pictogram for passage was confirmed. The results of the direction selection response were as follows. First, in the case of the T-shaped corridor, if the exit light was not installed on the door, it was influenced by the opening direction of the door. Second, when the exit light is attached to the door, the selectivity in the direction that matches the exit light pictogram direction is high. As a result, it was confirmed that the pictogram direction of the exit light influenced the evacuation route selection of the occupants.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

In the present paper, the effects of combustion instability on flow structure and flame dynamic with the configurations of burner exit in a model gas turbine combustor are investigated using large eddy simulation(LES). A G-equation flamelet model is employed to simulate the unsteady flame behavior. As a result of mean flow field, the change of divergent half angle(${\alpha}$) at burner exit results in variations in the size and shape of the central toroidal recirculation(CTRZ) as well as flame length by changing corner recirculation zone(CRZ). The case of ${\alpha}=45^{\circ}$ show smaller size and upstream location of CTRZ than that of $90^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ by the development of higher swirl velocity. The flame length in the case of ${\alpha}=45^{\circ}$ is the most shortest, while that in the case of ${\alpha}=30^{\circ}$ is the longest by the decrease of effective reactive area with the absence of CRZ. Through the analysis of pressure fluctuation, it is identified that the case of ${\alpha}=45^{\circ}$ shows the most largest damping effect of pressure oscillation in all configurations and brings in the noise reduction of 2.97dB, comparing with that of ${\alpha}=30^{\circ}$ having the largest pressure oscillation. These reasons are discussed in detail through the analysis of unsteady phenomena about recirculation zone and flame surface. Finally the effects of flame-acoustic interaction are evaluated using local Rayleigh parameter.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.8
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• pp.123-144
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• 2009

The history of art during the first half of the last decade was founded the discussion with highly impressive and confident. The art might establish its unique area based on self recognition at that era. The self-confidence of modern art may be possible on enlightenment, which is the firm relationship for knowledge and reality. However the faith of modernism which shows rational tendency, objective, and the existence of universal knowledge has been drastically doubted and criticized thereafter. A internal ideological system which had leaded the modern art was exhausted. Postmodernism revolved to the dramatic openness leaning against the deoedipalizational confession. According to the dissipation of the vitality of modern art postmodern art has been evolved and then various phenomena which follow the trends has been emerged. The avant-garde and resisteive attribute of modern art was diluted fast due to the influx of popular culture. As time goes it can be attracted by spectacle taste than metaphysical peculiarity. It has to inevitably justified the drift of light and quick themes, contents, and images. Such as these phenomena realistically shows fact that postmodern art had been failed to open a new chapter of consilience which intermediates beauty and usual communication to overcome the solipsism of modernism. A trial to pursuit the opened esthetics conceived more 'heroic' 'Star-Subject' than before by dismantling the modern 'Hero-Subject'. Postmodernism has been recorded as a regression of art, which is the technology of profound spirit that mitigates antagonism and confrontation and mediates mutual encountering of human being. Prevailing of postmodern freedom had been accompanied by popularity, osetentation consumption, marketing, gambling level exitement, mixtures of desires with price fluctuations. We witness 'self-confinement' and 'lasting absence of exit' phenomena in postmodernism ideology and practice. We have to deal postmodernism as an 'ideology which closes the discussion for the future' in the context of 'absence of way' at this point. We are going to investigate how postmodern ideology and practice takes part in the prospection beyond thereafter through discussion. We also pay attention to the 'absence of prospection' as a internal problem in itself nevertheless mention the three merge points such as tradition or memory, earthy thought, the self who confrontation others as the clue of prospecting thought which is allowing coming over postmodern absence.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

This research tried identifying the current status of Gyongrodangs to find solutions to the problems of the oldest old through revitalization of the existing senior centers. With 31 national and public Gyungrodangs in Seocho-gu, Seoul as research subjects, the research contents include a survey of the facilities including main exit doors, living rooms and lounges, kitchens, and rest rooms in the Gyungrodangs by the checklist, and as the research tool a laser finder, measuring tapes, and cameras were used. The checklist was used as the research method to investigate main exit doors, living rooms and lounges, kitchens, and rest rooms. Based on the research results, the following conclusions are presented. The safety-related items of the public Gyungrodang facilities were reaching a critical level. They need to equip emergency exit routes, install exit lights and alarm bells, and teach how to use them. After that, the issue of rest room would be raised; the oldest old had difficulty in using the rest room with no consideration of universal design(UD), so installation of grab bars is needed around toilets, washstands, and urinals. Besides them, although absence of the western style furniture without consideration of users' ages caused inconvenience of using, there are no solutions due to the limited space. Unnecessary equipment such as treadmills which only occupy spaces without users should be thrown away and replaced with the furniture people would use like tables with supplement of furnitures to lie down and rest. Overall, the current Gyongrodang Facilities lack systems and need standardized management, in which the checklist this researcher developed and used in evaluating the present conditions could be recommended. It is expected that the evaluation system of senior centers would be arranged through this checklist, so that systematic service supply could be possible in the better facility environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2023

Cities are continued to be highly advanced and metropolitanized. Lands adjacent to road make entry/exit connection increase along with construction of facilities for various purposes. However, in the absence of specific installation standards of entry and exit connection, inappropriate access location, types of access, and operation methods are deteriorating the level of traffic services at existing roads and intersections. Therefore, in order to minimize the traffic impact from entrances connected to minor arterial roads and colletor roads, first, this study re-established the waiting length in the intersection of upstream and downstream and length required for changing lanes and between entrance/exit and connection, considering the road and traffic environment in contact with the entrance. Second, it is suggested that the operation method depending on the connection type and whether to install left turn lane and acceleration and deceleration lane can be determined quantitatively by relation with the service level of nearby intersection after calculating the threshold amount of business site through negative social cost, which is the difference between the installation cost of the left turn lane and the acceleration and deceleration lane according to the type of access to the entrance and exit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 1997

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flows through partitioned opening and too-opening. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature engineering test reactor. A test vessel with the too types of small opening on top of test cylinder is used for experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed to measure the exchange now rate. Upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air in partitioned opening system interact out of entrance and exit of the opening. Therefore, an experiment with too-opening system is made to investigate effect of the fluids interaction of partitioned opening system. As a result of comparison of the exchange flow rates between too types of the opening system, it is demonstrated that the exchange flow rate of the two-opening system is larger than that of the partitioned opening system because of absence of the effect of fluids interaction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2013

The absence of a simple and general analytical model has been a problem in the design and analysis of desiccant-assisted air-conditioning systems. In this study, such an analytical model has been developed based on the approximate integral solution of the coupled transient ordinary differential equations for the heat and mass transfer processes in a desiccant wheel. It turned out that the initial conditions should be determined by the solution of four linear algebraic equations including the heat and mass transfer equations for the air flow as well as the energy and mass conservation equations for the desiccant bed. It is also shown that time-averaged exit air temperature and humidity relations could be given in terms of the heat and mass transfer effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2018

In general, fire and evacuation simulators are used independently to diagnose the safety of building. Because this method does not reflect the movement of pedestrians considering fire spread, it is difficult to expect diagnosis of safety with high accuracy. In this study, we propose the simulation method that can describe the movement of pedestrians in the fire emergency. Our method reflects the FDS fire spread data into FFM and explains the situation in which a pedestrian recognize a fire and escapes to a safe route. This study consists of data linkage between FDS and FFM and development of improved FFM. Experiment of the proposed method is progressed using the EgresSIM. Simulation result shows that the number of evacuees on each exit is affected by the presence or absence of fire and it was confirmed that the evacuation time increase and the bottleneck phenomenon deepened by exit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2016

Plant engineering industry is considered as a key industry which will drive the future of Korea. However, Korean plant engineering companies have recently made huge losses in overseas businesses and the lack of engineering capability is pointed out as a main cause of this situation. Unlike Korean plant engineering companies, world leading engineering companies such as Flour and Bechtel have their own systems Engineering Standards/Guides ensuring successful fulfillments of the concept and basic design processes. An engineering standard for an organization is an essential means to shorten the time for engineering design, to maintain the engineering quality and to secure the engineering efficiency in the development of the complex system. Korean plant engineering companies'lack of engineering capability comes from the absence of the engineering standard. In the paper, we have developed a steel-making plant engineering standard based on a systems engineering standard. We chose both ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and NASA SE Handbook as main reference standards. First, we have introduced a life-cycle definition and a physical hierarchy of a general steel-making plant. Then we have introduced detailed engineering processes of each life-cycle stage. The full scope of the study was from the feasibility study to the basic design but in the paper, we have only introduced detailed engineering processes and exit criteria for the feasibility study and the concept design.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 1997

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flows through parti¬tioned opening and two-opening. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature gas cooled reactor. A test vessel with the two types of small open¬ing on top of test cylinder is used for experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed and applied to measure the exchange flow rate. A technique of flow visualization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided to recognize the exchange flows. In the case of exchange flow through the partitioned opening, flow passages of upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air within the opening are separated by vertical partition, and the two flows interact out of entrance and exit of the opening. Therefore, an experiment of the exchange flow through two-opening is made to investigate effect of the fluids interaction of the partitioned opening sys¬tem. As a result of comparison of the exchange flow rates between the two types of the opening system, it is found that the exchange flow rate of the two-opening system is larger than that of the partitioned opening system due to absence of the effect of fluids interaction. Finally, the fluids interaction between the upward and downward flows through the partitioned opening is found to be an important factor on the helium-air exchange flow.