• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Kaempferia galanga L. is one of the plants in Zingiberaceae family. It is used by people in many regions of Asia and Africa for relieving toothache, abdominal pain, muscular swelling and rheumatism. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanogenesis, and hyperpigmentation is associated with abnomal accumulation of melanin pigment. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition of melanogenesis by hexane extract of Kaempferia galanga L. (HKG) in B16F10 melanoma cells. Cell-free tyrosinase, melanin contents, intracellular tyrosinase activity and western blot analysis were performed to elucidate the effects on anti-melanogenesis. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and determined the concentration of 12.5, 25 μg/ml. HKG significantly inhibited to activities of intracellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the absence or presence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with dose-dependent manner. And HKG inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), regardless of the presence or absence of α-MSH. HKG also down-regulated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, and up-regulated phosphorylation of Akt. These effects were not related to its cytotoxicity action. These results indicate that HKG has the potential to be a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and as a beneficial additive in whitening agents in cosmetics industry.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2005

The combination of Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome with Hirschsprung's disease, also known as Haddad syndrome, belongs to the family of diseases now designated as Neurocristopathies. We have experienced a case of Haddad syndrome in a male infant who presented with repetitive abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and sleep apnea. Following colon study and rectal biopsy disclosed the absence of the ganglion cell. And the infant could not be weaned from mechanical ventilation since birth because of the absence of effective, spontaneous respiration during sleep. As he was diagnosed as Haddad syndrome, tracheostomy and ileostomy were performed consecutively. At the age of 4 months, he was relatively healthy but remained ventilator-dependent. We report the first Korean case of Haddad syndrome with a brief review of the related literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.430-434
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• 2008

Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly that occurs in association with other cardiovascular anomalies, such as tetralogy of Fallot or ventricular septal defects. On the other hand, it is less commonly found as an isolated finding without accompanying diseases. Isolated UAPA is a rare cause of hemoptysis, and massive hemoptysis has been reported to occur in approximately 18~20% of UAPA patients during their clinical course. Even if a lung resection is considered a treatment option to control life-threatening hemoptysis, the procedure is more difficult than an ordinary lung resection because of the excessive collateral vessels from the systemic circulation. We encountered an isolated UAPA occurring in a young male patient suffering from intermittent blood tinged sputum. To our knowledge, only a few cases of isolated UAPA have been reported in Korea. This case is expected to be a good example to help clinicians better understand isolated UAPA as an unusual cause of hemoptysis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2003

This policy alternatives for establishment of rehabilitation health care delivery system for the disabled in the community were developed based on the data of current health status and situations of health care management for disabled persons in Korea. This research was conducted with secondary data analysis for identifying health status and current situations of managing health of disabled persons, and discussed current issues for establishing rehabilitation health care delivery systems in the community. Observing the health status and current situations of managing health of disabled persons, scope and target population of disabled person extended. so prevalence rates increased. and the severity of disability intensified and specified. The summary of issues of health management for disabled persons included; 1) absence of comprehensive and systematic policy in rehabilitation health care systems. 2) absence of consumer based rehabilitation health care facilities and delivery systems that are considered as the characteristics of disabled persons 3) fixed form of projects based on the provider and lack of variety in the programs. Hereafter. to overcome these problems. policy alternatives should 1) establish a comprehensive rehabilitation health care policy for disabled persons. 2) establish comprehensive and specific community based rehabilitation health care delivery systems that can promote preventing disability. providing medical care for disabled persons, establishing rehabilitation management for disabled persons and health care when returning to society. 3) provide training and secure manpower for rehabilitation, but the training case managers who will take the roles as an expert rehabilitation nurse mediators for multidisciplinary team work are needed immediately. and 4) include efficient connection and provision of independent services for welfare rehabilitation service and health care. Conclusively. a community based rehabilitation health care delivery system should be comprehensive policy vision of the government on rehabilitation health care delivery System rehabilitation service has to be constructed systematically under suitable facilities con consumer characteristics and rehabilitation health care policy. By doing this, consumer comprehensive community rehabilitation health care delivery system could be constructed disabled person.

• Carbon letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.280-284
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• 2007

Samples of active carbon of $1150\;m^2/g$ surface area were impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper, chromium and silver, with and without triethylenediamine. The samples of impregnated carbon were aged at $50^{\circ}C$, with and without 90% RH (relative humidity), for a little more than one year and chemically evaluated periodically. Initially copper (II) and chromium (VI) reduced very fast in the samples in humid atmosphere to the extent of 30% and 60% respectively in four months. These values were found to be unaffected by the presence of triethylenediamine (TEDA) indicating that the chemical did not retard the reduction process of chromium (VI) and copper (II). However, in the absence of humidity the reduction of the impregnants was significantly less (10-12%, w/w) in four months. It was quite evident; therefore, that the moisture was mainly responsible for the reduction of chromium (VI) and copper (II) species in impregnated carbons. The prolonged ageing of the samples with and without triethylenediamme after four months with and without humid atmosphere showed that the extent of reduction of chromium (VI) was very low, i.e. 5-10% and of copper (II) was 2-25%. Silver is not reduced due to carbon, as it remained unchanged in concentration on storage. The impregnated carbon samples (100 g) without triethylenediamine, which were aged at room temperature for 5 years in absence of humidity and unaged when evaluated against cyanogen chloride (CNCl) at a concentration of 4 mg/L and airflow rate of 30 lpm showed a high degree of protection (80- 110 minutes).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

This study is conducted to get current state of data collection and utilization of the trees damaged by pine wilt disease, and to efficiently collect and utilize of the trees damaged by the pine wilt disease and abandoned fumigation-treated trees at forecasts. The method to control pine wilt disease damaged area is mostly fumigation treatment system, and there is no collection and utilization of damaged trees because of absence of efficient collection system, lack of collection cost, and absence of policy, etc. A survey is conducted that asked about the satisfaction degree for the trees damaged by pine wilt disease collection and use divided into 6 topics. It was positively recognized that the need and problem of the trees damaged by pine wilt disease, and results and satisfaction of forestry mechanization while it was mostly negatively recognized that the policy satisfaction for prevention and collection, satisfaction of collection and use, collection and forestry mechanization, and satisfaction of foundation equipment for forestry mechanization, etc. As a result of path analysis, it is necessary to promote a high-tech forestry mechanization to improve satisfaction level of results and satisfaction of forestry mechanization for the trees damaged by pine wilt disease collection and utilization, it is also need to make an effort in various ways for improve satisfaction level of satisfaction of collection and utilization.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.2208-2213
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• 2007

In this study we have developed a hyperspectrum imaging system for highly sensitive and effective imaging analysis. An optical setup was designed using acoustic optical tunable filter (AOTF) for high sensitive hyperspectrum imaging. Light emitted by mercury lamp gets split in to diffracted and undiffracted beams while passing though AOTF. GFP transfected HEK-293 cell line was used as a model for in vitro imaging analysis. Cells were first, analyzed by fluorescence microscope followed by flow cytometric analysis. Flow cytometric analysis showed 66.31% transfection yield in GFP transfected HEK-293 cells. Various images of GFP transfected HEK-293 cell were grabbed by collecting the diffracted light using a CCD over a dynamic range of frequency of 129-171 MHz with an interval of 3 MHz. Subsequently, for in vivo image analysis of GFP transfected cells in mouse, a whole-body-imaging system was constructed. The blue light of 488 nm wavelength was obtained from a Xenon arc lamp using an appropriate filter and transmitted through an optical cable to a ring illuminator. To check the efficacy of the newly developed whole-body-imaging system, a comparative imaging analysis was performed on a normal mouse in presence and absence of Xenon arc irradiation. The developed hyperspectrum imaging analysis with AOTF showed the highest intensity of green fluorescent protein at 153 MHz of frequency and 494 nm of wavelength. However, the fluorescence intensity remained same as that of the background below 138 MHz (475 nm) and above 162 MHz (532 nm). The mouse images captured using the constructed whole-body-imaging system appeared monochromatic in absence of Xenon arc irradiation and blue when irradiated with Xenon arc lamp. Nevertheless, in either case mouse images appeared clearly.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.12
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• pp.1744-1749
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• 2013

Acoustic feedback is perceived as whistling or howling, which is a major complaint of hearing-aids users. Acoustic feedback cancellation is important in hearing-aids because acoustic feedback degrades performance of the hearing aid device by reducing maximum insertion gain. Adaptive systems for estimate acoustic feedback path and feedback suppression algorithms have been proposed in order to solve this problem. A typical feedback cancellation algorithm is LMS(least mean squares) because of its computational efficiency. However it has problem of convergence performance in high correlated input signal. In this paper, we propose a new variable step-size normalized LMS(least mean squares) algorithm using VAD(voice activity detection) to overcome the limitation of the LMS algorithm. The VAD algorithm is GSAP(global speech absence probability) and the feedback cancellation algorithm is normalized LMS. The proposed algorithm applies different step-size between voice and non-voice using VAD, for high stability, fast convergence speed and low misalignment when correlated inputs, such as speech. The result of simulation with white noise mixed speech signal, the proposed algorithm shows high performance then traditional algorithm in terms of stability, convergence speed and misalignment.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the family's meals of the daily time use and to examine how shared meals time together with family is influenced by socio-demographic variables. The Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009 is used. Among the total sample of 21,000 individuals, 9,179 samples who are married, aged from 20 to 59 years old and non-farmers are selected for analysis. The statistical methods are frequency, percentage, and censored regression model. The following is a summary of the major findings. The first, compared with the research results in 1999 and 2004, the time use of meals by adults is longer. But average time of family meals decreases and rates of family meals participants 2009 decrease 5.6% than 1999. Secondly, the family meals time increases from about 36 minutes on weekdays to about an hours at weekends. Regardless of the day, the women's family meals time is longer than that of men's. Thirdly, the influencing factors on family meals are sex, age, education, presence or absence of spouses, monthly income, weekly working hours and presence or absence of preschoolers. And the magnitude of gender differences in daily shared meals is not particularly large except in the case of some socio-demographic variables. Regardless of the day, women's family meals time is more affected by either dual-earner status or monthly income than that of men's.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

An understanding of particle-particle interactions in filtration requires studying the detachment as well as the attachment of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles captured in a granular media filter can be released by changing the physicochemical factors. In this study, the detachment of captured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in granular media filtration was examined under different ionic strengths, ion type, and the presence or absence of natural organic matter (NOM). Filtration velocity and ionic strength were chosen as the physical and chemical factors to cause the detachment. Increasing filtration velocity caused a negligible amount of AgNP detachment. On the other hand, lowering ionic strength showed different release amounts depending on the background ions, implying a population of loosely captured particles inside the filter bed. Overall detachment was affected by ionic strength and ion type, and to a lesser degree by NOM coating which resulted in slightly more detachment (in otherwise identical conditions) than in the absence of that coating, possibly by steric effects. The secondary energy minimum with Na ions was deeper and wider than with Ca ions, probably due to the lack of complexation with citrate and charge neutralization that would be caused by Ca ions. This result implies that the change in chemical force by reducing ionic strength of Na ions could significantly enhance the detachment compared to that caused by a change in physical force, due to a weak electrostatic deposition between nanoparticles and filter media. A modification of the 1-D filtration model to incorporate a detachment term showed good agreement with experimental data; estimating the detachment coefficients for that model suggested that the detachment rate could be similar regardless of the amount of previously captured AgNPs.