• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.188-191
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• 2010

상완이두장건의 결손은 매우 드문 이상이다. 본원에 내원한 19세 남환은 우측 견관절 아탈구 증상을 주소로 내원하였다. MRI 상 상완골의 얕은 결절사이고랑이 관찰되었으며 상완이두장건의 결손이 관찰되었다. 견관절 내시경술을 시행하였으며 관절와순 파열과 함께 상완이두장건의 결손이 관찰되었다. 5개월 뒤 좌측 견관절에도 우측 견관절과 같은 증상이 발생하였고 MRI 및 견관절 내시경 소견 상 상완이두장건의 결손 소견 및 관절와순 파열 소견이 관찰되었다. 양측 견관절 모두 내시경적 관절와순 봉합술을 시행하였으며 수술 후 위팔 외전 보조기를 이용하여 고정하였다. 상완이두장건의 결손이 견관절의 불안정성을 유발할 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

정보통신기술의 발달과 스마트기기 활용성이 높아짐에 따라서 대학에서 효율적으로 출결 관리를 원활하게 진행하기 위해서 스마트기기를 이용한 전자출결 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 현재 전자출결 시스템은 학생들의 스마트폰이 독립적으로 전자출결을 진행하기 때문에 와이파이에 연결이 잘 안 되면 출결에 오류가 생기는 단점이 존재하며 실시간 푸시메시지 전송 기능이 배제되어 출결 관리에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 부정 출결 방지, 실시간 출결 관리 결과 안내, 와이파이 연결 문제로 인한 출결 처리 지연상황을 해결하기 위한 전자출결 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 교수자의 스마트폰과 학생들의 스마트폰의 블루투스 통신 기능을 이용하여 교수자의 스마트폰이 전자출결을 처리하기 때문에 부정 출결과 출결 처리 지연상황을 방지할 수 있다. 또한 푸시메시지 관리 서버와 연동하여 실시간으로 출결 관리 결과 안내를 진행할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.105-107
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• 1990

The absence, in the biomass, of glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and the prevalance of gamma-glutamic transpeptidase were taken as basic criteria to differentiate between Erwinia carotovora var. carorovora from E. carotovora var, citrullis and E. toxica. For further identification, detection of cholesterol in the biomass confirmed the toxica species whereas the absence of glucose confirmed the citrullis variety.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1980

The researcher intended to investigate the rate of absenteeism and other related statistics among the workers in a steel and iron industry with the criteria and the recommendation of the International Association on Occupational Health. With the well designed questionaire and interview, 1,882 workers were surveyed from July the 24th to the 28th, 1978. The results were as follows; The workers who experienced absence were 16.8% in July. The rate of frequency (spells) was 3.24, the duration was 4.65, the frequency (persons) was 345.20, and the lost time was 1.27. 41.0% among the absentee experienced sickness absences and the rates of sickness absence were as follow; the frequency (spells) nab 1.34, the duration was 2.29, the frequency (persons) was 101.06 and the lost time was 0.63, respectively. The main causes of sickness absence were general symptoms, such as fatigue (50.8%) and gastro-intestinal symptoms (13.8%). The frequency of sickness was highly correlated to the frequency of drinking, the amount of smoking, the physical work-load and the amount of drinking, which was analysed by the stepwize multiple regrssion analysis. The multiple R due to the above mentioned four variables was 0.320 and the R square was 10.3%.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2013

2009GOMS1 자료를 사용하여 "취업준비를 위한 휴학"과 "경제적 어려움에 의한 휴학"을 구분하고 각각의 휴학기간이 대학졸업 후 취업 및 임금에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 분석한다. 휴학기간의 내생성을 제거하기 위하여 대학입학 당시 가구소득과 일반계 고등학교 졸업 여부를 도구변수로 사용한다. 도구변수 추정에 의하면 취업준비를 위한 휴학기간을 1개월 연장하면 취업할 확률은 1.6%포인트 상승하고, 임금은 4.0% 증가한다. 경제적 어려움에 의한 휴학기간을 1개월 연장하면 취업할 확률은 3.6%포인트 하락하고, 임금은 7.2% 감소한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1509-1518
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• 2017

Although several methods have been used to assess the pain levels, few practical methods for classifying presence or absence of the pain using pattern classifiers have been suggested. The aim of this study is to design an pattern classifier that classifies the presence or absence of the pain using electrocardiogram (ECG). We measured the ECG signal from 10 subjects with the painless state and the pain state(Induced by mechanical stimulation). The 10 features of heart rate variability (HRV) were extracted from ECG - MeanRRI, SDNN, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50 in the time domain; VLF, LF, HF, Total Power, LF/HF in the frequency domain; and we used the features as input vector of the pattern classifier's artificial neural network (ANN) / support vector machine (SVM) for classifying the presence or absence of the pain. The study results showed that the classifiers using ANN / SVM could classify the presence or absence of the pain with accuracies of 81.58% / 81.84%. The proposed classifiers can be applied to the objective assessment of pain level.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2013

Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai, a well known traditional herb grown in Jeju Island, South of Korea, has been used as a tonic and sedative agent, as well as in the treatment of diabetes and immune diseases. Mutagenicity of two lignans, syringaresinol and tortoside A isolated from A. koreanum, was assessed using Salmonella/microsome (Ames) test. Tester strains used were Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. The mutagenic activity was determined both in the absence or presence of S9 mixture. As a result, tortoside A did not cause any increase in the number of $his^+$ revertants in S. typhimurium and E. coli WP2uvrA strains in the presence or absence of S9 mix, compared to the controls. Similarly, low concentrations of syringaresinol (750 and 1,500 ${\mu}g$/plate) did not show any mutagenic properties in all bacterial strains, in the presence or absence of S9 mixture. However, in the high concentration of syringaresinol (3,000 ${\mu}g$/plate), the number of revertants were increased in TA1535 strains, in the absence of S9 metabolic activation. Therefore, in vivo experiments such as comet assay are needed to further determine the genotoxic/carciogenic potential of syringaresinol isolated from A. koreanum.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.964-972
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• 2011

This work investigated the difference between $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation-induced and Fenton-type cleavage of pBR322 plasmid DNA. $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reactions in the absence and presence of $H_2O_2$ under various conditions were also investigated. Although both the $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation and Fenton-type reactions showed DNA cleavage and $^{\cdot}OH$ generation, there were significant differences in their efficiencies and reaction rates. The rate and efficiency of the cleavage reaction were higher in the absence of 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$ than in its presence in 20 mM phosphate buffer. In contrast, the $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reaction was more prominent in the presence of $H_2O_2$ and showed a pH-independent, fast initial reaction rate, but the rate was decreased in the absence of $H_2O_2$ at across the entire tested pH range. Studies using radical scavengers on DNA cleavage and $^{\cdot}OH$ generation reactions in both the absence and presence of $H_2O_2$ confirmed that both reactions spontaneously involved the active oxygen species $^{\cdot}OH$, ${O_2}^{\cdot-}$, $^1O_2$ and $H_2O_2$, indicating that a similar process may participate in both reactions. Based on the above observations, a new mechanism for the $Fe^{2+}$ autoxidation-induced DNA cleavage reaction is proposed.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate the unintended welfare losses induced by paid sick leave, examine the severity of the unintended moral hazard loss caused by paid sick leave, and evaluate how much moral hazard cost society can accept to obtain paid sick leave benefits. Research Design, Data and Methodology: We examine the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data collected in 2013 and 2014 by employing a panel probit analysis to control for individual heterogeneity. Results: The estimation result shows that the probability of absence due to paid sick leave increases from 4.91% to 7.84%. Among them, excluding the probability of increasing absence from 1.29% to 2.69% due to the actual disease, the probability of absence due to the moral hazard was estimated to be 2.41% to 6.49% in the proposed models. Based on the result, if we evaluate the increase in absence caused by moral hazard as a social cost, the estimated cost is approximately $174 to $297 per worker per year. Conclusion: Considering these expected costs, our society can obtain the access benefit from paid sick leave if we are willing to accept the moral hazard cost.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 스마트폰의 BLE 광고 기술을 이용하여 별도의 BLE 디바이스 및 인프라 구축이 필요 없는 스마트폰을 이용한 전자출결시스템을 제안하였다. 기존의 BLE를 이용한 전자출결시스템은 서비스를 위해서는 BEL 디바이스를 각 강의실마다 부착해야 하며 강의실에 부착된 디바이스를 구분하기 위해서는 별도의 기술이 필요하였다. 또한 항시 동작하기 때문에 서로의 간섭으로 인하여 전자출결이 간혹 오류가 생기기도 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 전자출결시스템은 기존의 블루투스 비콘 방식의 전자출결시스템의 단점인 시스템 구축을 위한 비용적인 문제를 해결하고, 이동식 전자출결로서 활용이 가능하여 시간과 장소의 문제점을 해결할 수 있으며 별도의 BLE 디바이스 없이 본인이 사용 중인 스마트폰의 BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy) 광고 기능을 이용하여 전자출결을 위한 인프라 구축이 가능한 장점이 있다.