• 제목/요약/키워드: absence

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SVM의 확률 출력을 이용한 새로운 Global Soft Decision 기반의 음성 향상 기법 (Global Soft Decision Using Probabilistic Outputs of Support Vector Machine for Speech Enhancement)

  • 조규행;장준혁
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 support vector machine (SVM) 기반의 global soft decison (GSD)을 이용한 새로운 음성 향상 기법을 제시한다. 일반적으로 soft decision (SD) 이득 수정 및 잡음 전력 추정에 근거한 음성 향상 기법이 hard decision을 이용한 음성향상 기법 보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 각 프레임에서의 음성 부재에 대한 효과적인 척도인 전역음성 부재확률 (global speech absence probability, GSAP)을 SD 기반의 음성 향상 기법에 적용한 여러 연구가 진행되었다. 본 논문에서는 sigmoid 함수를 이용하여 얻어진 SVM의 확률 출력에 의해 추정된 새로운 GSAP를 음성 향상 기법에 적용한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능은 다양한 잡음 환경에 적용하여 PESQ 및 MOS 평가 방법을 바탕으로 기존의 GSD 기반의 스펙트럼 향상 기법과 비교하여 향상된 결과를 나타내었다.

Copepods of the genus Asterocheres Boeck, 1859 (Siphonostomatoida: Asterocheridae) from Korean waters

  • Il-Hoi Kim;Taekjun Lee
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.185-254
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    • 2024
  • Sixteen species of Asterocheres collected from the southern and eastern coasts of Korea are recorded. Two species are redescriptions-Asterocheres aesthetes Ho, 1984 and A. siphonatus Giesbrecht, 1897. The remaining 14 new species described are A. geminus n. sp., A. processus n. sp., A. culicis n. sp., A. eurychelatus n. sp., A. scutellatus n. sp., A. spiniventer n. sp., A. fici n. sp., A. serratus n. sp., A. tridentatus n. sp., A. nodulosus n. sp., A. tetraodontis n. sp., A. dokdoicus n. sp., A. exilis n. sp., and A. zodius n. sp. These new species are compared with other known species of the genus mainly based on the character states of 17 selected characters. These characters include the length/width ratios of the caudal ramus and genital double-somite, the number of postgenital lateral setules or spinules on the genital double-somite of the female, the number of segments of the antennule of both sexes, the position of aesthetasc on antennular segments in the female, the relative length of terminal claw of the antenna, the relative length of the oral siphon, the number of segments and the relative length of the mandibular palp, the presence or absence of inner coxal seta on legs 1 and 4, the relative lengths of setae on the exopod of female leg 5, the presence or absence of sexual dimorphisms of swimming legs, and the presence or absence of a secondary aesthetasc on the male antennule. A key to 22 species of Asterocheres known in Korea waters is provided.

직업성 긴장과 근로자 결근 (Effects of Job Strains on Absenteeism from Work)

  • 차봉석;장세진;최홍렬;김형식;고상백
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.505-512
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    • 1999
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between job strains and absenteeism from work. Methods : The study design was cross-sectional, and the study subjects consisted of 1,166 workers who were employed in the small-sized industries. A self administered questionnaire was used to measure the general characteristics, job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor support) at work. The Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) was used to assess job demand(2 items) and decision lattitude(10 items). Social support at work (10 items) was measured using JCQ. Sick absence was collected using self-report and were rechecked by the attendance record of their company. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between job strain and sick absence were estimated. The modifying effect of social support was evaluated by stratification. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between job strain and sick absence. Results : In the bivariate analysis, the variables related to sick absence were age, marital status, occupation, job demand. Four distinctly different kinds of level of job strain were generated by the combination of job demand and job control: low strain group, high strain group, active group, and passive group. The crude odds ratio of high job strain was 1.78(95% CI: 1.26-2.53), and those of active group and passive group were 1.33(95% CI: 1.07-1.66) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88-1.47), respectively. The odds ratio of high job strain after adjusting for age and occupation were still significant The odds ratio of high job strain in low social support was 5.96(95% CI: 2.45-14.51), but that in high social support was 0.73(95% CI: 0.26-2.01). Conclusions : Job strain was associated with increased risk of absenteeism from work, and social support at work modified the association between job strain and sick absence.

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Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피(Tc-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibody immunoscintigraphy)를 이용한 척추압박골절의 원인질환 감별 (Vertebral Compression Fractures: Distinction Between Benign and Malignant Causes with Tc-99m Labeled Antigranulocyte Antibody Immunoscintigraphy)

  • 조인호;이형우;안상호;원규장;배장호;조수호
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.254-262
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    • 1998
  • 골수의 손상정도률 민감하게 반영하는 Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피를 이용하여 척추압박골절의 원인을 감별할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여, 척추압박골절 환자중에서 병리조직학적(수술 혹은 생검) 혹은 3개월 이상의 임상경과를 추적 관찰하여 원인이 밝혀진 16명의 환자를 대상으로 Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피의 결과를 분석하였다. 16명의 환자중 외상이나 골다공증에 의한 압박골절 부위가 16부위 (8명), 전이암에 의한 압박골절이 3부위 (3명), 결핵에 의한 압박골절이 6부위 (5명) 이었다. 외상이나 골다공증과 같은 양성원인에 의한 척추압박골절 16 부위 모두 척추뿌리, 추궁판, 가시돌기의 섭취는 정상이었고, 척추체는 섭취저하가 7례, 섭취결손이 8례, 섭취정상이 2례에서 관찰되었다. 결핵에 의한 압박골절 6례에서 척추체의 섭취결손이 6례 모두, 척추뿌리의 섭취결손이 5례에서 관찰되었고, 가시돌기와 추궁판의 섭취결손은 발견되지 않았다. 전이암에 의한 3례의 경우는 2례에서 척추체, 척추뿌리, 추궁판, 가시돌기의 섭취결손이 보였고, 1례에서는 척추체와 가시돌기에만 섭취결손이 관찰되었다. Tc-99m 표지 항과립구항체 면역신티그라피의 단층영상에서 섭취결손부위를 평가함으로서 양성원인과 병적원인에 의한 척추압박골절의 원인의 감별에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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Prognostic Factors and Clinical Outcome in Parotid Gland Tumors: a Single Institution Experience from the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey

  • Kandaz, Mustafa;Soydemir, Gulsen;Bahat, Zumrut;Canyilmaz, Emine;Yoney, Adnan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.1169-1174
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: To review clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland tumors treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients with parotid gland tumors, with a median follow-up of 52 months (range, 2-228 months). and a median radiotherapy dose of 60Gy (range, 30-69 Gy). Results: There were 24 (35%) females and 45 (65%) males, at a ratio of 1/1.9. Median age at presentation was $58.9{\pm}17.2$ (range 13-88) years. The most common histology was adenoid cystic carcinoma (33%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (28%). The mean overall survival (OS) was $65.3{\pm}8$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.6-81.1) months and the median overall survival was $40.0{\pm}7$ (95% CI, 26.2-53.7) months. The -1, -3, -5 and -10 year OS rates were 78%, 52.4%, 35.3% and 19.6% respectively. The mean disease free survival (DFS) was $79.2{\pm}10$ (95% CI, 59.3-97.1) months and the median disease free survival was $38{\pm}13$ (95% CI, 7.05-88.7) months. The -1,-3,-5 and -10 year DFS rates were 71.9%, 50.1%, 43.7% and 30.1% respectively. On univariate analysis, the OS was significantly better with female sex (p<0.005), < 50 age (p<0.021), T stage (p<0.0001), absence of lymph node involvement (p<0.0001), lower tumor grade (p<0.0001), absence of lymphovascular invasion (p<0.002), absence of perineural invasion (p<0.0001), absence of extracapsuler extension (p<0.0001), surgical margin negativity (p<0.006), ${\leq}60Gy$ radiotherapy dose (p<0.0001) and absence of distant metastasis (p<0.027). Conclusions: Employing existing standards of postoperative radiotherapy is a possible treatment that was found to be mainly effective in patients with parotid gland carcinomas.

Effect of Treatment of In Vitro Matured Pig Oocytes with Calcium Ionophore on Monospermic Penetration In Vitro

  • Song, Xue-Xiong;Zhao, Xian-Mian;Han, Yi-Bing;Niwa, Koji
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.172-178
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    • 2002
  • The present study examined whether treatment of in vitro matured pig oocytes with calcium ionophore (A23187) could prevent polyspermic penetration in vitro. When oocytes cultured for maturation for 33, 36 or 44 h were subsequently treated with $50{\mu}M$ A23187 in medium with fetal calf serum (FCS) for 1, 2 and 3 h and then cultured for 12 h without spermatozoa, virtually no activation occurred. In the absence of FCS, however, 31-42, 45-49 and 56-64% of oocytes were activated, respectively. When oocytes treated with $50 {\mu}M$ A23187 in medium with FCS for 3 h were inseminated in vitro, the penetration rates (14-57%) were lower (p<0.01) with a higher (p<0.01) incidence (35-67%) of monospermy compared with untreated oocytes (69-80% penetration and 15-17% monospermy). However, sperm penetration was completely blocked in all oocytes treated with A23187 in the absence of FCS. When oocytes matured for 33 h were treated with different concentrations of A23187 for 3 h and inseminated in vitro, the penetration rate did not change but there was an increased incidence (p<0.05) of monospermy at $10-20{\mu}M$ and $2.5-5{\mu}M$ A23187 in the presence and absence of FCS, respectively, compared with at $0{\mu}M$ A23187. With these lower concentrations of A23187, treatment of oocytes for at least 60 and 30 min in the presence and absence of FCS, respectively, was required to increase the incidence of monospermy without reducing penetration rate. These results indicate that a high concentration ($50{\mu}M$) of A23187 in medium without FCS, but not in medium with FCS, stimulated in vitro matured pig oocytes to induce parthenogenetic activation and a complete block to sperm penetration in vitro. However, treatment of oocytes with lower concentrations of A23187 ( $10-20{\mu}M$ and $2.5-5{\mu}M$) both in the presence and absence of FCS maintained sperm penetration in vitro and increased the incidence of monospermy.

현대미술의 비평적 재조명-포스트모더니즘 이후의 전망 (Critical Re-illumination of Modern Art-a Prospect beyond the Postmodernism)

  • 심상용
    • 미술이론과 현장
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    • 제8호
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    • pp.123-144
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    • 2009
  • The history of art during the first half of the last decade was founded the discussion with highly impressive and confident. The art might establish its unique area based on self recognition at that era. The self-confidence of modern art may be possible on enlightenment, which is the firm relationship for knowledge and reality. However the faith of modernism which shows rational tendency, objective, and the existence of universal knowledge has been drastically doubted and criticized thereafter. A internal ideological system which had leaded the modern art was exhausted. Postmodernism revolved to the dramatic openness leaning against the deoedipalizational confession. According to the dissipation of the vitality of modern art postmodern art has been evolved and then various phenomena which follow the trends has been emerged. The avant-garde and resisteive attribute of modern art was diluted fast due to the influx of popular culture. As time goes it can be attracted by spectacle taste than metaphysical peculiarity. It has to inevitably justified the drift of light and quick themes, contents, and images. Such as these phenomena realistically shows fact that postmodern art had been failed to open a new chapter of consilience which intermediates beauty and usual communication to overcome the solipsism of modernism. A trial to pursuit the opened esthetics conceived more 'heroic' 'Star-Subject' than before by dismantling the modern 'Hero-Subject'. Postmodernism has been recorded as a regression of art, which is the technology of profound spirit that mitigates antagonism and confrontation and mediates mutual encountering of human being. Prevailing of postmodern freedom had been accompanied by popularity, osetentation consumption, marketing, gambling level exitement, mixtures of desires with price fluctuations. We witness 'self-confinement' and 'lasting absence of exit' phenomena in postmodernism ideology and practice. We have to deal postmodernism as an 'ideology which closes the discussion for the future' in the context of 'absence of way' at this point. We are going to investigate how postmodern ideology and practice takes part in the prospection beyond thereafter through discussion. We also pay attention to the 'absence of prospection' as a internal problem in itself nevertheless mention the three merge points such as tradition or memory, earthy thought, the self who confrontation others as the clue of prospecting thought which is allowing coming over postmodern absence.

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뉴럴네트워크를 이용하여 EEG Data의 기저질환 유무 분류 (Classification of the presence or absence of underlying disease in EEG Data using neural network)

  • 윤희진
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 2020
  • 2020년 1월, COVID19는 온 지구를 팬데믹에 빠트렸다. 이로 인해 경제적으로 큰 손실을 가져왔으며, 사회적으로 혼란을 일으키고 있다. 이러한 코로나19는 심장병, 고혈압, 당뇨, 뇌졸중, 우울증, 암 등과 같은 기저질환자들에게 감염률이 월등히 높다. 또한, 기저질환자가 기저질환이 없는 사람들보다 치명률이 훨씬 높다고 연구되었다. 본 연구에서는 뇌파데이터를 이용하여 기저질환의 유·무를 분류하였다. 기저질환자 유·무에 대한 분류를 위해 사용된 데이터는 데이터사이언스랩에서 제공하는 뇌파데이터로 33개의 특징과 69개의 샘플로 이루어졌다. 데이터의 전처리는 Z-score를 사용하였다. 분류는 뉴럴네트워크 인 NEWFM와 ZNN엔진을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 기저질환자의 유·무에 대한 분류결과 NEWFM은 77.94%, ZNN은 76.47%의 실험 결과를 얻었다. 이 연구를 통해 뇌파데이터를 측정하고 기저질환의 유무를 분류하고 높은 감염률을 보이는 기저질환자들이 COVID19로부터 예방 할 수 있으리라 기대한다. 이를 기반으로 향후 기저질환에 대한 세분류를 할 수 있는 연구가 필요하고, 각 기저질환이 전염병에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 연구가 필요하다.

초등학생의 보건관리 만족도와 태도에 관한 연구 - 양호교사 유무를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Health Care Satisfaction and Attitude of Elementary School Students - by the presence or absence of nurse teacher -)

  • 박동권;박영수
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.49-71
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for school health care of better quality, by making a comparative analysis of the health care satisfaction and attitude of elementary school students in consideration of their general characteristics and the presence or absence of nurse teacher. The subjects in this study were 919 selected six graders in 16 elementary schools in the city of Tongduchun, Koyang and Euijungbu, Yangju-kun and Yeunchun-kun. A survey was conducted with questionnaire designed for measurement of health care satisfaction and attitude. As a result of analyzing the data collected from June 1 through 15, 2000, the conclusions were as follows. 1) As for the general characteristics of the students investigated, the subjects included 513 boys(55.8%) and 406 girls(44.2%). The schools where 390(42.4%) students attended were located in municipal area, and the schools where 529(57.6%) students attended were located in kun area. 608(66.2%) students had a nurse teacher at their schools, while 311(33.8%) students had no nurse teacher. 498(54.2%) had an experience to use the health room this year, but 421(45.8%) had no such an experience. Their mean school life satisfaction was scored $3.42{\pm}.71$, above the average. And their health condition was rated $3.81{\pm}.87$, which implied they tended to be in good health. 2) The mean satisfaction at the health room operation was scored $3.33{\pm}.71$, above the medium level. What they were most satisfied with($4.02{\pm}1.08$) was, among the health room facilities, that there were beds. But they expressed the least satisfaction($2.83{\pm}1.17$) at the location of health room. The presence or absence of nurse teacher made a significant difference to their satisfactionat health room operation, because the students in schools with nurse teacher showed greater satisfaction($3.42{\pm}.72$) than the others in schools with no nurse teacher did($3.15{\pm}.66$). 3) Concerning their attitude to use the health room in case of disease or accident occurrence, a lot of students in schools with a nurse teacher, who had ever suffered from indigestion, headache or traumatic injury, used the health room. In schools with no nurse teacher, there was a tendency to talk to their class teachers(p<.001). The recognition of the necessity for health counseling was generally on a medium level. The counselor whom they wanted to discuss health problem with was family or friend in the largest cases. Few students discussed with class teachers in case there was a nurse teacher in school. Instead, some of them discussed with friend, family or nurse teacher, and there was a significant difference between them(p<.001). 4) The mean satisfaction at health, sanitation and environmental management was rated $3.20{\pm}.90$, above the average. The classroom lighting gave them the best satisfaction with $3.67{\pm}1.07$, but the satisfaction at toilet cleanness and disinfection was not good with $2.83{\pm}1.19$. By the presence or absence of nurse teacher, those who had a nurse teacher expressed better satisfaction at water supply facilities including hot water than the others who had no nurse teacher did(p<.001). But no significant difference was observed in the other items. 5) The health education satisfaction was rated $3.19{\pm}.99$, which was on a medium level. By item, the mean satisfaction level was $3.36{\pm}1.19$ at nurse teacher's explanation about treatment, $3.13{\pm}1.15$ at the frequency of health education, and $3.08{\pm}1.16$ at the explanation on the cause of disease. By the presence or absence of nurse teacher, the students with nurse teacher showed significantly better satisfaction at every factor0(p<.001). 6) Regarding health education attitude, their recognition of the need for school health education was scored $3.89{\pm}.96$. Those who had a nurse teacher felt it more necessary($3.96{\pm}.92$), yet the others who had no nurse teacher felt its necessity a little less($3.74{\pm}1.01$). The most preferred thing for them to learn in health education was first aid, followed by sex education, obesity prevention, safety accident prevention in school and outdoors, smoking-related health, good use of leisure time, and environmental pollution cause in the order named. According to the presence or absence of nurse teacher, there was a significant difference in sex education(p<.01), but no significant disparities were found in the other factors. The most preferred person who would offer health education was a lecturer from the outside(45.8%) and nurse teacher(45.4%). Their preference for class teacher as a person in charge of health education was just 8.8%. But the presence or absence of nurse teacher didn't produce any differences to their preference for a person in charge of health education.

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