• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-92
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to survey appropriateness of admission and days of care for the cerebral ischemia patients as a basis to provide an effectiveness of hospitalization. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of cerebral ischemia patients in two hospitals from November 1997 to February 1998. Of 194 medical records reviewed, there were 2108 medical days. I t is used a 'Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol' previously developed by Gertman and Restuccia (1981) and translated by Department of Health Management, Seoul National University and Korea Institute for Health Services Management (1993), It was found that the 'Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol' had a high inter-rater reliability(k=.92), Statistical significant was tested by using the percentage, mean, and logistic regression by SAS 6.12. The results were as follows; 1. The appropriate admissions were 87.6%, days of care 63.4%, and the average length of stay $10.9{\pm}6.7$ days. 2. The reasons of inappropriate admissions were for work-up(75.0%) and conservative care (25.0%). Major reasons of inappropriate days of care were 'cases in which the medical purpose of hospitalization has been accomplish or can be addressed in a less setting(45.0%)', and 'cases in which there is a delay in performing the work-up or treatment which required patients is hospitalized (44.4%)'. 3. Appropriate days of care were higher as ageing. Appropriate days of care were higher in patients with lower accademic back ground than those of upper college graduates, and in the patients who enter a hospital via emergency room than out-patients department. Appropriate days of care were higher in the patient with MCA infarction, and lower in the patient with cerebellar infarction than the patient with lacunar infarction. Appropriate days of care were higher in attack first than attack above second, in nomortension patients than hypertensive, and lower in groups who engaged in semi-private room and public room than private room in hospital. Appropriate days of care were higher in shorter length of stay than longer length of stay. 4. Diagnosis, admission path, and appropriate days of care explained appropriate admissions. Diagnosis, appropriate admissions, hypertension explained appropriate days of care. According to the above results, author confirms the substantial amount of inappropriate hospital bed utilization. To reduce inappropriateness, it is necessary to develop some alternative services such as home care services or nursing home with which can be replaced inpatient services and to introduce policy such as case management which includes Critical Pathway for consistent management. And, it should be followed the further study for the effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2001

Effects of growth regulators, scion length and scion diameter on shooting and seedling characteristics were investigated to increase seedling products by root cuttings of lacquer tree. Shoots developed and emerged above-ground from the root scion at 3∼5 weeks after cut plating, most of that was a shoot but some of that were 2∼3 shoots. Otherwise, non-shooting was the reason that cortical layer was decayed. Soaking in zeatin was the most effective on shooting of root cuttings and high concentration was effective. Also soaking on high contents of BA or kinetin was effective on shooting but was lower totally than soaking on zeatin. Seedling characteristics among 3 growth regulators and 3 concentrations were not any difference in statistical significant, but were move excellent than control. As root scion was tall, shoots were developed at early. 15cm length scion was the most excellent to use seedlings but 3cm length scion was wickedness. 10cm scion, however, was highest to product of seedlings than any others. 0.3∼0.5 cm length scion was showed 76% shooting rate at 10 weeks after cut planting, but seedling characteristics were not any difference among the kind of 3 diameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of small RC(radio controlled) helicopter and single lens reflect camera as SFAP(Small Format Aerial Photography) aquisition system to monitor the vegetation coverage of wetland. The system used to take pictures of small artificial wetland were a common optical camera(Nikon F80 with manual lens whose focal length was 28mm) attached to the bottom of a RC helicopter with a 50 cubic inch size glow engine. Three hundreds pictures were taken at the altitude of 50m above the ground, from 23rd June to 7th September 2005. Four from the images were selected and scanned to digital images whose dimension were 2048${\times}$1357 pixels. Those images were processed and rectified with GCP(Ground Control Poins) and digital map, and then classified by the supervised- classification module of image processing program PG-steamer Version 2.2. The major findings were as follows ; 1. The final images processed had very high spatial resolution so that the objects bigger than 30mm like lotus(Nelumbo nucifera), rock and deck were easily identified. 2. The dominant plants of the monitoring site were Monochoria ragianlis, Typha latifolia, Beckmannia syzigachne etc. Because those species have narrow and long leaves and form irregular biomass, the individuals were hardly identifiable, but the distribution of population were easily identifiable depending on the color difference. 3. The area covered by vegetation was rapidly increased during the first month of monitoring. At the beginning of the monitoring 23th June 2005, The rate of area covered by vegetation were only 34%, but after 27 and 60 days it increased to 74%, and the 86% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.117-125
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• 2021

The occurrence of ground subsidence and sinkhole in downtown areas, which threatens the safety of citizens, has been frequently reported. Among the various mechanisms of a sinkhole, soil erosion through the damaged part of the sewer pipe was found to be the main cause in Seoul. In this study, a random forest model for predicting the occurrence of sinkholes caused by damaged sewer pipes based on sewage pipe information was trained using the information on the sewage pipe and the locations of the sinkhole occurrence case in Seoul. The random forest model showed excellent performance in the prediction of sinkhole occurrence after the optimization of its hyperparameters. In addition, it was confirmed that the sewage pipe length, elevation above sea level, slope, depth of landfill, and the risk of ground subsidence were affected in the order of sewage pipe information used as input variables. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the preparation of a sinkhole susceptibility map and the establishment of an underground cavity exploration plan and a sewage pipe maintenance plan.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.26-33
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• 1990

To study the wood quality factors of Populus nigra $\times$ maxmowiczii known a rapidly growing species, the variations of green moisture contents, bulk density, wood fibre dimensions, microfibril angles, and number of leaf knot in stem wood were investigated. The heartwood contained a higher moisture content than the corresponding sapwood. Bulk density in radial patterns variations decrease outward from the pith, then increase toward the bark. The wood-fiber length and diameters had somewhat smaller values than on Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa or Populus euramericana. The microfibril angles decreased rapidly toward the outside, and their mean values were about 16 degree. The grain angles run nearly parallel to the cell axies. Number of leaf knot showed a fluctural change above ground level to a point near the base of the crown and then increased rapidly to the top of tree and average number of leaf knot varied exclusively from tree to tree.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2004

This study were conducted to determine the optimum warm casting rate(0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500kg/10a) for the yield of food canna in jeju island. The plant height was ranged from 109.4 to 1347cm as organic fertilizer of worm casting increased from 0 to 500kg/10a, but it was no significance between 400 to 500kg/10a. Leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, number of tillers and bulb per plant were shown higher as the amount of worm casting was increased. Stem diameter were the same trend with plant height response. Fresh yield of food canna increased significantly 134 to 22.6MT/ha as fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 500kg/10a. Fresh weight of above-ground pan and blub were shown the same trend with fresh yield of food canna.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2009

In the traditional percussion locks of small arms, a firing pin is struck by a hammer rotating on a single center of rotation, which makes the percussion mechanism simple and reliable. In order to strike the firing pin by the hammer, however, the firing pin should be located within the radius of rotation of the hammer. As the distance between the striking point of the firing pin and the center of rotation of the hammer becomes longer, the radius of rotation of the hammer should also be increased, which results in the increase of the volume and weight of the small arms because the hammer needs the more space for its operation inside of the small arms. In this paper, a link type percussion lock was newly proposed in order to overcome the limitation of designing small arms when using traditional percussion locks, as mentioned above. The link type percussion lock was modeled by using multi-body dynamics software and designed to satisfy the requirements such as striking force level of the hammer exerting on the firing pin enough to detonate the percussion cap of ammunitions and the safety on the accidental drop. It was applied to the newly developed dual-barrel weapon system, in which the weight and overall length are important design factors, and verified by durability test and drop test on the ground.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.472-476
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• 2005

The present study was untaken to assess the capacity of Bacillus pumilis KHS-1 to grow on chicken flour and to prepare feather digest as fertilizer. To increase keratinolytic activity, the addition of cysteine (5.0 mM) showed the highest keratinolytic activity (245 unit) among the reducing agents tested. The production of soluble protein (feather digests) paralleled the tendency to the production of keratinolytic protease. In the growth curve of B. pumilis KHS-1 at $30^{\circ}C$ in the feather medium with 5 mM cysteine, the maximum keratinolytic activity of B. pumilis was about 161 units/ml after 84 h of incubation. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at the late logarithmic growth phase, and remained thereafter with little changes. Using 27-day plant growth assays on carrot and Chinese cabbage, feather digests and reference fertilizer were compared. In terms of the length and the weight of the above-ground vegetations, feather digests showed the same effect as that of the fertilizer. Therefore, our investigation shows that the feather digests can be used in agriculture.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.423-433
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• 2016

In this study, performance of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is assessed from analysis on air flow pattern which is observed in the artificial street canyon. Field observations focusing on flows were conducted at an artificial street canyon in Magok region. For the observation of three-dimensional airflow structures, twelve three-dimensional wind anemometers (hereafter, CSAT3) were installed inside the street canyon. The street canyon was composed of two rectangular buildings with 35-m length, 4-m width, and 7-m height. The street width (distance between the buildings) is 7 m, making the street aspect ratio (defined by the ratio of building height to street width) of 1. For the observation of above-building wind, a CSAT3 was installed above the northwest-side building. Southwesterly, westerly and northwesterly were dominant in the street canyon during the observations. Because wind direction is parallel to the street canyon in the southwesterly case, westerly and northwesterly were selected as inflow directions in numerical simulations using a computational fluid dynamics model developed through the collaborative research project between National Institute of Meteorological Sciences and Seoul National University (CFD_NIMR_SNU). The observations showed that a well-structured vortex flow (skimming flow) and an evidence of a small eddy at the corner of the downwind building and ground appeared. The CFD_NIMR_SNU reproduced both the observed flow patterns reasonably well, although wind speeds inside the street canyon were underestimated.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.142-149
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• 2003

Blind hydraulic backfilling is a commonly used technique for subsidence control of the strata over unapproachable waterlogged underground excavations. In this investigation model studies on all the three variants of this technique, namely, hydro-pneumatic or air-assisted gravity backfilling, pumped-slurry backfilling and simple gravity backfilling, have been carried out in fully transparent models of the underground excavations. On examination of the filling process, it was revealed that in all the three cases, the basic process of filling occurs by sand transport along one or more meandering channels. The relative influence of sand, water and air flow rates on the area of filling from a single inlet point and the hydraulic pressure loss per unit length were studied in details. In hydro-pneumatic backfilling process, the air bubbles while moving upward through the meandering channels provide an additional buoyant force over and above the available hydraulic head. In this way the area of filling from a single borehole may be quite large even at small flow rates of water. During actual field implementation the injected air, if not released completely from the rise side holes, may cause troubles by way of creating potholes on the surface. The pumped-slurry technique has shown its capability of filling a relatively larger area at faster rate, especially when high-volume, low-pressure method was selected. But simple gravity filling was also found to be equally effective method as slurry pumping, especially when flow rates were high. In the second and third method discussed above, examination of variations of injection pressure was also done and its relation with physical phenomenon was also attempted. Some empirical relationships were also developed using multivariate regression with a view to help the practicing engineers.