• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 1998

폐단백질을 활용하는 방도의 하나로 폐단백질자원으로부터 토양에서 분리한 Aspergillus sp. 균주가 생산하는 phytase를 이용하여 불용성 단백질의 분리 효율성을 높였으며 추출 단백질의 기능성을 살펴보았다. 참깨박에 함유되어 있는 불용성 형태의 단백질을 가용성 형태의 단백질로 용출시키기 위한 최적 pH, 최적 온도, 최적 처리시간과 최적 첨가효소량은 4.0~5.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 8~10시간, 120unit였고, 효소처리된 참깨박은 phytase 처리의 경우 대조구에 비해 기포형성력은 크게 증가하지 않았으나 기포안정성은 다소 증가하였다. 참깨박 단백질의 유화력은 다소의 유화력과 안정성의 증가가 관찰되었고, 유지흡착력과 수분흡착력은 대조구에 비해서 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2000

To extract insoluble proteins from abolished soybean meal, the meal was treatesd with phytase and protease produced by Aspergillus sp. SM-15 and Aspergillus sp. MS-18. The extraction of insoluble soybean protein was increased at alkaline range more than pH 5 in case of phytase, pH 7 to 11 in case of protease and pH 5 to 12 in case of the mixed enzyme of phytase and protease. The optimum extraction temperature of insoluble protein was 5$0^{\circ}C$ for phytase and the mixed enzyme of phytase and protease, and 6$0^{\circ}C$ for protease. The optimum treatment time for extraction of protein was 9 hrs for phytase, 11 hrs for protease and the mixed enzyme of phytase and protease and optimum unit of enzyme for extraction of protein was 600 unit, 40 unit and 900 unit＋60 unit in case of phytase, protease, phytase and protease, respectively. The treatment of mixed enzyme showed higher extracton rate of protein than single enzyme treatment. The foaming capacity, foaming stability, emulsion capacity, and emulsion stability of soybean meal protein by the treatment of the enzymes increased at all pH range. Further more oil absorption as well as water absorption capacities by the treatment of the enzymes were also increased. The functional properteis of the soybean meal protein treated by the mixed enzyme were higher than those of soybean meal protein treated by the single enzyme.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1998

폐단백질을 활용하는 방도의 하나로 폐단백질 자원으로 부터 불용성 단백질의 분리 효율성을 높이고 기능성을 개선하기 위하여 protease를 생산하는 Aspergillus sp. MS-18균주를 토양으로 부터 분리하고 이 균주가 생산하는 효소를 이용한 단백질 추출 최적 조건을 규명하고 추출 단백질의 기능성을 비교 검토하였다. 참깨박 단백질의 용출을 위한 최적 pH, 최적 온도, 최적 처리 시간과 최적 첨가 효소량은 pH 9.0, $60^{\circ}C$, 8시간 처리, 40 unit 이었다. 효소 처리된 참깨박 단백질은 효소 처리의 경우 대조구에 비해 기포 형성력과 기포 안정성이 매우 증가하였고, 참깨박 단백질의 유화력은 효소 처리구의 경우 전 pH의 범위에서 유화력과 유화 안정성이 매우 증가하였다. 참깨박 단백질의 유지 흡착력과 수분 흡착력은 효소 처리구가 대조구에 비해서 높은값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.527-538
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 was shown to exert ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor (ER) via mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated pathway. Our study aimed to delineate the mechanisms by which Rg1 activates the rapid ER signaling pathways. Methods: ER-positive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and ER-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells were treated with Rg1 ($10^{-12}M$, $10^{-8}M$), $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($10^{-8}M$), or vehicle. Immunoprecipitation was conducted to investigate the interactions between signaling protein and ER in MCF-7 cells. To determine the roles of these signaling proteins in the actions of Rg1, small interfering RNA or their inhibitors were applied. Results: Rg1 rapidly induced $ER{\alpha}$ translocation to plasma membrane via caveolin-1 and the formation of signaling complex involving linker protein (Shc), insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, modulator of nongenomic activity of ER (MNAR), $ER{\alpha}$, and cellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (c-Src) in MCF-7 cells. The induction of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 was suppressed by cotreatment with small interfering RNA against these signaling proteins. The stimulatory effects of Rg1 on MEK phosphorylation in these cells were suppressed by both PP2 (Src kinase inhibitor) and AG1478 [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor]. In addition, Rg1-induced estrogenic activities, EGFR and MEK phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells were abolished by cotreatment with G15 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 antagonist). The increase in intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation, but not Ca mobilization, in MCF-7 cells by Rg1 could be abolished by G15. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 exerted estrogenic actions by rapidly inducing the formation of ER containing signalosome in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, Rg1 could activate EGFR and c-Src ER-independently and exert estrogenic effects via rapid activation of membrane-associated ER and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2009

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaking cells required for gastrointestinal motility. The possibility of whether DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent formulated with Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, modulates pacemaker activities in the ICC was tested using the whole cell patch clamp technique. DA-9701 produced membrane depolarization and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in the voltage-clamp mode. The application of flufenamic acid, a non-selective cation channel blocker, but not niflumic acid, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents induced by DA-9701. Pretreatment with a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution and thapsigargin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents. In addition, the tonic inward currents were inhibited by U-73122, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, but not by $GDP-{\beta}-S$, which permanently binds G-binding proteins. Furthermore, the protein kinase C inhibitors, chelerythrine and calphostin C, did not block the DA-9701-induced pacemaker currents. These results suggest that DA-9701 might affect gastrointestinal motility by the modulation of pacemaker activity in the ICC, and the activation is associated with the non-selective cationic channels via external $Ca^{2+}$ influx, phospholipase C activation, and $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal storage in a G protein-independent and protein kinase C-independent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2022

WNT signaling plays an important role in cardiac development, but abnormal activity is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, remodeling, and heart failure. The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Wnt agonist 1 (Wnta1) on ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria. Wnta1 treatment significantly increased atrial ANP secretion and pulse pressure; these effects were blocked by U73122, an antagonist of phospholipase C. U73122 also abolished the effects of Wnta1-mediated upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) β and γ expression, and the PKC antagonist Go 6983 eliminated Wnta1-induced secretion of ANP. In addition, Wnta1 upregulated levels of phospho-transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1), TAK1 banding 1 (TAB1) and phospho-activating transcription factor 2 (p-ATF2); these effects were blocked by both U73122 and Go 6983. Wnta1-induced ATF2 was abrogated by inhibition of TAK1. Furthermore, Wnta1 upregulated the expression of T cell factor (TCF) 3, TCF4, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), and these effects were blocked by U73122 and Go 6983. Tak1 inhibition abolished the Wnta1-induced expression of TCF3, TCF4, and LEF1 and Wnta1-mediated ANP secretion and changes in mechanical dynamics. These results suggest that Wnta1 increased the secretion of ANP and mechanical dynamics in beating rat atria by activation of PKC-TAK1-ATF2-TCF3/LEF1 and TCF4/LEF1 signaling mainly via the WNT/Ca²⁺ pathway. It is also suggested that WNT-ANP signaling is implicated in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1999

Mouse guanylate-binding protein 3 (mGBP3) is a 71-kDa GTPase which belongs to GTP-binding protein family. The present study showed that the expression of mGBP3 transcript was readily induced in a dose dependent fashion in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 treated with either $interferon-{\gamma} (IFN-\gamma)$ or lipopolysaccaride (LPS). The expression of mGBP3 protein was also apparent by 4 and 6 h after the treatment of cells with IFN-\gamma (100 U/ml) or LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) , and remained at palteau for at least 24 h. Cycloheximide ($10{\mu}g/ml$) had no effect on the $IFN-\gamma-$ or LPS-induced mGBP3 expression, suggesting that the mGBP3 induction did not require further protein synthesis. Interestingly, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (50 nM) abolished the induction of mGBP3 expression by LPS, but not by $IFN-{\gamma}$. These findings suggest that mGBP3 may be involved in the macrophage activation process and both IFN-\gamma and LS induce the mGBP3 expression through distinct signal transduction pathways.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.918-921
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• 2009

In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors, including sodium orthovanadate (SOV), ammonium molybdate (AM), and iodoacetamide (IA), on cell growth, accumulation of astaxanthin, and PTPase activity in the photosynthetic algae Haematococcus lacustris. PTPase activity was assayed spectrophotometrically and was found to be inhibited 60% to 90% after treatment with the inhibitors. SOY markedly abolished PTPase activity, significantly activating the accumulation of astaxanthin. These data suggest that the accumulation of astaxanthin in H. lacustris results from the concerted actions of several PTPases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2011

Background: B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) is primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells, and stimulates B cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and Ig production. In the present study, we explored the effect of activin A on BAFF expression by APCs. Methods: To investigate the effect of activin A on BAFF expression by mouse APCs, we measured the level of BAFF expression at the transcriptional and protein levels using RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: Activin A markedly enhanced BAFF expression in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells at both the transcriptional and protein levels. SB431542, an activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) inhibitor, completely abrogated activin A-induced BAFF transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of DN-Smad3 abolished activin-induced BAFF expression at the transcriptional and protein levels. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that activin A can enhance BAFF expression through ALK4-Smad3 pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1997

Although extensively characterized in human cells, no heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein(hnRNP) has been found in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe which is amenable to genetic studies and more similar to mammals than Saccharomyces cerevisiae is in terms of RNA processing. As a first step to characterize hnRNPs from S. pombe, attempt was made to find human hnRNP A1 homologs from S. pombe. The RNA molecule (A1 winner) containing the consensus high-affinity hnRNP A1 binding site (UAGGGA/U) was synthesized in vitro and used in an ultraviolet(UV) light-induced protein-RNA cross-linking assay. A number of S, pombe proteins bound to the A1 winner RNA. An approximately 50-kDa protein(p50) cross-linked more efficiently to the A1 winner RNA than other proteins. The p50 protein did not cross-link to a nonspecific RNA, but rather to the A1-5’ SS RNA in which the consensus 5’ splice junction sites of S. pombe introns were abolished. This suggests that the p50 protein, however, did not bind to the single-stranded DNA to shich the human hnRNP A1 could bind and be eluted with 0.5M NaCl. Further analysis should reveal more features of this RNA-binding protein.