• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2011

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is usually managed pharmacologically. It is not uncommon for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to suffer from PHN. It is difficult to prescribe a sufficient dose of anticonvulsants for intractable pain because of the decreased glomerular filtration rate. If the neural blockade and pulsed radiofrequency ablation provide only short-term amelioration of pain, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with a low level of evidence may be used only as a last resort. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of PHN in patients with CKD. Methods: PHN patients with CKD who needed hemo-dialysis who received insufficient relief of pain over a VAS of 8 regardless of the neuropathic medications were eligible for SCS trial. The follow-up period was at least 2 years after permanent implantation. Results: Eleven patients received percutaneous SCS test trial from Jan 2003 to Dec 2007. Four patients had successfully received a permanent SCS implant with their pain being tolerable at a VAS score of less than 3 along with small doses of neuropathic medications. Conclusions: SCS was helpful in managing tolerable pain levels in some PHN patients with CKD along with tolerable neuropathic medications for over 2 years.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

우주 항공용 노즐에 사용되는 셀룰로오스계 탄소 직물은 낮은 열전도도, 높은 내삭마 특성을 가지고 있다. 그러나 내염화 및 흑연화 공정에서 70~90% 중량이 감소하여 최종 탄소 직물 제조 시 수율이 낮은 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 리오셀 직물에 인계난연제로 인산(Phosphoric acid), 가교제로 시트르산(Citric acid)을 사용하여 전처리한 후 FT-IR, XRD, TGA 분석을 통하여 화학적 구조 및 열적 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 또한 리오셀 직물의 내염화 및 흑연화 후 중량을 측정하여 시트르산이리오셀 직물 수율 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 확인하였으며, 16 wt% 첨가 시 흑연화 수율이 8.1% 까지 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2013

팥나방(Matsumuraeses phaseoli, (Matsumura))은 팥의 꽃과 꼬투리를 가해하는 해충이다. 본 연구에서는 팥나방 성충 우화와 교미 시간대, 성충 나이 및 더듬이 제거가 교미에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 성충 우화는 16L:8D 광 조건에서 불이 켜지고 4시간 이내에 대부분 이뤄졌다. 대부분의 교미가 암 기간 동안 이뤄졌으나, 불이 켜진 직후에도 교미하는 개체들이 일부 관찰되었다. 우화 당일의 성충은 교미를 하지 않았으나 우화 후 4일된 성충의 교미율이 가장 높았다. 더듬이가 제거된 수컷 또는 암컷은 더듬이가 제거되지 않은 반대 성의 정상 성충과 교미를 하지 못하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Various vascularized free flaps have been used for midfacial reconstruction after ablative head and neck cancer surgery. The most common donor sites for free flap include latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, and radial forearm. Between 1994 and 2004, 14 patients underwent free flap operation after head and neck cancer ablation, and were reviewed retrospectively. Among 14 free flaps, 8 were latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, 3 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps and 3 radial forearm flaps, respectively. The overall survival rate of the flap was 100%. Complications were wound dehiscence(5 cases) and ptosis(1 case). We designed multiple dimensionally folded free flap for midfacial reconstruction. For 3-dimensional flap needs, we used latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. 2-Dimensional flap was latissimus dorsi or rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and 1-dimensional flap was radial forearm flap. In this study we produced an algorithm for midfacial reconstruction. Large volume with many skin paddle defects were best reconstructed with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap or rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Radial forearm flap was used for reconstruction of small volume and little skin paddle defects.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2015

Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, can rapidly respond to pathological insults. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Although many previous studies have suggested that TLR2 contributes to microglial activation and subsequent pathogenesis following brain tissue injury, it is still unclear whether TLR2 has a role in microglia dynamics in the resting state or in immediate-early reaction to the injury in vivo. By using in vivo two-photon microscopy imaging and $Cx3cr1^{GFP/+}$ mouse line, we first monitored the motility of microglial processes (i.e. the rate of extension and retraction) in the somatosensory cortex of living TLR2-KO and WT mice; Microglial processes in TLR2-KO mice show the similar motility to that of WT mice. We further found that microglia rapidly extend their processes to the site of local tissue injury induced by a two-photon laser ablation and that such microglial response to the brain injury was similar between WT and TLR2-KO mice. These results indicate that there are no differences in the behavior of microglial processes between TLR2-KO mice and WT mice when microglia is in the resting state or encounters local injury. Thus, TLR2 might not be essential for immediate-early microglial response to brain tissue injury in vivo.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Eyestalk ablation (ESA) is commonly used in aquaculture to stimulate ovarian maturation in crustaceans, and methyl farnesoate (MF) affects crustacean molting and reproduction. To investigate the physiological effects of ESA and MF treatments on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we compared the effects of single eyestalk removal and MF injections. The ESA group had the lowest survival rate (50%), and individuals in the $0.1{\mu}g$ and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF-treated groups had survival rates of 80 and 73.3%, respectively. Conversely, molting numbers were highest in the ESA group, and similar to those of the 1.0-${\mu}g$ MF group. To investigate shrimp growth, we measured body weight during the experimental period and found that individuals in the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups showed significant increases in body weight. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of ESA and MF treatments on gonadal maturation, the gonad somatic index (GSI) was calculated after the experiment. All treated groups (ESA and MF) had higher GSI values than the control group, but the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups were not significantly different. Using histological ovary analysis, we determined that all treated groups showed indications of the previtellogenic stage, unlike the control group (immature stage). These results suggest that the high-MF-concentration treatment produced effects similar to those of ESA with respect to molting number, growth, and ovarian maturation.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2023

Purpose: To analyze electrocardiograms (ECGs) of patients with a salt-losing tubulopathy (SLT) and to determine the frequency and risk factors for long QT and arrhythmia. Methods: A total of 203 patients aged <19 years with SLT, specifically Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, who had a 12-lead ECG were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the presence of an arrhythmia or prolonged corrected QT (QTc) on ECGs obtained for these patients. Demographic and laboratory data were compared between patients with abnormal and normal ECG findings. Results: Out of the 203 SLT patients, 38 (18.7%) underwent electrocardiography and 10 (40.0%) of 25 patients with inherited SLT had abnormal ECG findings, including prolonged QTc and arrhythmias. The abnormal ECG group had significantly lower serum potassium levels than the normal group (median [interquartile range]: 2.50 mmol/L [2.20-2.83] vs. 2.90 mmol/L [2.70-3.30], P=0.036), whereas other serum chemistry values did not show significant differences. The cutoff level for a significant difference in QTc interval was serum potassium level <2.50 mmol/L. One cardiac event occurred in a 13-year-old boy, who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and underwent cardiac ablation. No sudden cardiac deaths occurred in this cohort. Conclusions: The incidence of ECG abnormalities in patients with inherited SLT was 40.0%, whereas the ECG screening rate was relatively low (18.7%). Therefore, we recommend ECG screening in patients with inherited SLT, especially in those with serum potassium level <2.50 mmol/L.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2009

배경: 하지 정맥류의 치료에 있어 최소 침습 술기의 발달로 고주파 열폐쇄술이나 혈관 내 레이저)를 이용한 수술이 시행되고 있다. 빠른 시간 내에 효과적으로 혈관을 폐쇄시킬 수 있는 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ 고주파 열폐쇄 System이 국내에 소개되었으며, 본 연구는 이 시스템을 이용한 하지정맥류 치료의 조기 결과를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 5월 2일부터 2008년 5월 31일까지 고주파 열폐쇄술을 이용하여 수술을 받은 90예의 환자를 대상으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 남자가 67명(74.4%)이었고 환자들의 평균 연령은 $57.9{\pm}11.0\;(23{\sim}78)$세였다. 수술 후 3주와 이후 3개월 간격으로 혈관 초음파와 임상 양상을 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 후 합병증은 반상 출혈(85예, 94.4%)이 가장 많았으며, 통증을 호소하는 경우가 27.8%, 감각 이상 25.6%, 수포 형성 8.9%, 부종 6.7%, 정맥염 2.2% 등이었다. 술후 3주에 시행한 초음파에서 정맥의 역류나 부분적 혈류 재개가 있었던 환자는 1예로, 치료 성공률은 98.9%였다. 3개월 후 초음파 검사상 혈류 재개가 1예에서 더 관찰되었으며, 이후 3개월 간격으로 시행한 혈관 초음파상 혈류 재개가 관찰되었던 환자는 없었으며, 1년 치료 성공률은 97.6%를 보였다. 혈류 재개를 보였던 2예의 환자는 계속 외래 추적 관찰 중이며, 현재까지는 수술 전 보였던 하지 부종이나 저림 등의 증상을 호소하지 않고 있다. 결론: 저자들은 국내에 처음으로 도입된 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ System을 이용하여 하지 정맥류 수술을 효과적으로 시행하였으며, 고위 결찰이나 기존의 고주파 열폐쇄술, 그리고 혈관내 레이저 치료와 장기적인 비교 분석이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2015

Background: Conventional stripping is considered to be the standard procedure for great saphenous vein (GSV) varicosities, but many other alternative treatments such as cryostripping, endovenous laser therapy (EVLT), radiofrequency ablation, and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy have been developed. Among them, both cryostripping and laser therapy have been reported to be less traumatic, with lower rates of complications and recurrences when compared to conventional stripping. To compare the efficacy of these treatments, we have analyzed and compared the mid-term clinical outcomes of cryostripping and EVLT. Methods: Patients diagnosed with varicose veins of the GSV and treated with cryostripping or laser therapy between September 2008 and April 2013 were enrolled in this study. Duplex ultrasonography was used for the diagnosis and evaluation of varicosity and reflux, and the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification was used to measure the clinical severity. The symptoms, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), recurrence rates, and complication rates of the cryostripping and laser therapy groups were analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 68 patients were enrolled in this study. 32 patients were treated with cryostripping, and 36 patients were treated with laser therapy. The median follow-up period was 29.6 months. Recurrence was noted in three patients from the cryostripping group and in two patients from the EVLT group. There was no difference in the VCSS score, operative time, duration of hospital stay, and complication rate between the cryostripping group and the EVLT group. Conclusion: The mid-term clinical outcomes of cryostripping were not inferior to those of EVLT. Further, considering its cost-effectiveness, cryostripping seems to be a safe and feasible method for the treatment of varicose veins.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2002

Objectives: Three classic treatment modalities have been used to treat Graves' disease: antithyroid medication, radioiodine ablation, and subtotal thyroidectomy. Postoperative thyroid functions were studied in patients with Graves' disease treated by subtotal thyroidectomy to evaluate the superiority of surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred fourty patients of Graves' disease were analysed retrospectively in follow-up for more than three years following subtotal thyroidectomy. Postoperative serum levels of $T_3,\;T_4, TSH, TSH-R Ab, free $T_4$, were evaluated to watch hypo- or hyperthyroidsm. Results: In the evaluation of preop- and postoperative thyroid function after three years of subtotal thyroidectomy, $T_3$ was changed from $464.10{\pm}196.16ng/dl$ to $140.41{\pm}76.56ng/dl$ in mean value, $T_4$ was changed from $20.76{\pm}7.98{\mu}g/dl$ to $9.54{\pm}4.02{\mu}g/dl$, $TSHT_3$ was changed from $0.55{\pm}4.42{\mu}u/ml$ to $4.96{\pm}7.20{\mu}u/ml$, TSH-R Ab was changed from $41.6{\pm}28.27%$ to $28.7{\pm}28.79%$ and free $T_4$ was changed from $4.45{\pm}2.33ng/dl$ to $1.44{\pm}0.69ng/dl$ in mean value. Euthyroidism was noted in 118 patients(84.3%), overt hyperthyroidism in 6 patiens(4.3%), latent hyperthyroidism in 8 patients(5.7%), overt hypothyroidism in 2 patint(1.4%), and latent hypothyroidism in 6 patients(4.3%). Of surgical complications, permanant hypoparathyroidism was found in one patient, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in two patients, postoprative bleeding with reoperation in two patients, and death in one patient. Conclusion: The thyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy in diffuse toxic goiter is normal level (euthyroidism) in 84.3% and low recurrence rate of hyperthyroidism is showed with rare surgical complication. Therefore, subtotal thyroidectomy in diffuse toxic goiter is more effective and safe than RI or longterm ATD treatment, if the operation is performed by skillful surgeon.