• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1992

Abdominal fat pad from farmed Korean ring-necked pheasants that had scanty fat depot was characterized in terms of adipocyte size as determined by free fat cells liberated by collagenase incubation. Similar parameters was also measured in the broiler chicken with similar body weight to those of pheasants. The adipocyte from pheasants was much smaller than that of broiler chicken. The results of this study suggested that the scanty development of abdominal fat pad in the pheasants appeared to be due to a smaller size of adipocyte.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2018

Background: Body fats, especially both of abdominal fat pad mass and skeletal muscle fat content, are inversely related to insulin action. Therefore, methods for decreasing visceral fat mass and muscle triglyceride content may be helpful for the prevention of insulin resistance. Methods: Thalidomide, used for its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, was administered to rats for 4 weeks. A 10% solution of thalidomide in dimethyl sulfoxide was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity as much as 100 mg/kg of body weight. Results: The total visceral fat pad mass in the thalidomide-treated group was 11% lower than in the control group. The size of adipocytes of the epididymal fat pad mass in the thalidomide-treated group was smaller than in the control group. The intraperitoneal thalidomide treatment increased triglyceride concentrations by 16% in the red muscle, but not in the white muscle. Conclusion: The results suggested that intraperitoneal thalidomide treatment inhibited abdominal fat accumulation, and that the free fatty acids in the blood were preferentially accumulated in the red muscle rather than in the white muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1057-1068
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• 2014

The major goals of the poultry industry are to increase the carcass yield and to reduce carcass fatness, mainly the abdominal fat pad. The increase in poultry meat consumption has guided the selection process toward fast-growing broilers with a reduced feed conversion ratio. Intensive selection has led to great improvements in economic traits such as body weight gain, feed efficiency, and breast yield to meet the demands of consumers, but modern commercial chickens exhibit excessive fat accumulation in the abdomen area. However, dietary composition and feeding strategies may offer practical and efficient solutions for reducing body fat deposition in modern poultry strains. Thus, the regulation of lipid metabolism to reduce the abdominal fat content based on dietary composition and feeding strategy, as well as elucidating their effects on the key enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, could facilitate the production of lean meat and help to understand the fat-lowering effects of diet and different feeding strategies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1991

The use of the autogenous free fat is a well-known procedure to fill in superficial depressions resulting from the traumatic or congenital defects. The major donor site for this procedure was the abdominal subcutaneous fat or buttocks. In 1977, Egyedi was the first to report the use of the buccal fat pad as a pedicled graft. The buccal fat pad is a structure usually considered to be a nuisance when encountered in intraoral procedures such as facial bone osteotomies, elevation of buccal falp, or procedures on Stensen's duct. In these operations, appearance of the buccal fat pad complicates surgical exposure. The buccal fat pad is a lobulated convex mass of fatty tissue covered by a very delicate membrane, and is described as having a body from which four processes extend. These projection serve as a filling material between the various muscular structures in the area. Recently malar depression was augmented with the pedicled buccal fat pad in 3 cases, and it was used for the reconstruction of the nasolabial fold in one case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of graded levels of dietary chromium and leucine, and different fat sources on performance and body composition of broiler chickens. The results showed that chromium picolinate at 0.5 ppm significantly (p<0.05) lowered the carcass fat level. Gut weight and carcass water content were increased as a result of chromium treatment. Body weight, plucked weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat pad weight, breast yield and feed efficiency were unaffected by chromium treatment. Leucine did not interact with chromium to effect lean growth. Dietary leucine above the recommended maintenance level (1.2% of diet) markedly (p<0.001) reduced the breast muscle yield. The addition of fish oil to broiler diets reduced (p<0.05) the abdominal fat pad weights compared to birds on linseed diets. Fish oil is believed to improve lean growth through the effects of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lowering the very low-density lipoprotein levels and triglyceride in the blood, in the meantime increasing glucose uptake into the muscle tissue in blood and by minimizing the negative impact of the immune system on protein breakdown. The amount of fat in the diet (2% or 4%) did not affect body composition.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) on the performance and the fat pad content in broiler chicks. feeding trial was conducted with 360 birds broiler chicks for 8 weeks. The levels of dietary RPSOM were 0, 5, 10 and 15% and mixed in diet consisting of corn and soybean meal. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and mixed in diet consisting of corn and soybean meal. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability were not significantly different among treatments. The percentage of abdominal fat and skin color were not significantly differents among treatments. The results of the feeding trial show that RPSOM can be used within 10% in broiler diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1990

This studies were conducted to investigate the difference of carcass characteristics between chicken broiler and duck broiler and the carcass characteristics of chicken broiler by sex, rearing type, season and feed and water deprivation with 240 chicken broilers and 20 duck broilers. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The carcass yields were 65.43% in chicken broiler and 66.78% in duck broiler. The abdominal fat pad of chicken broiler was higher than that of duck broiler. 2. There were differences in commercial cuts production percentages between chicken broiler and duck broiler, and the commercial cut of chicken broiler was produced from drumsticks and thighs, breast back, wings and neck in order. 3. Although there was little difference in carcass yields between male and female of broiler, the abdominal fat pad of male broiler was lower than that of female broiler. 4. The carcass yields in cage and floor type were not different, but the abdominal fat pad in cage was slightly higher than that in floor. 5. There was no difference in carcass yields among Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, but the abdominal fat pad was highest in Summer and lowest in Winter. 6. As feed and water deprivation time increased by one hour, live weight was decreased by 0.28365% , and the carcass yield was highest after 6 hours depribated feed and water.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feed restriction in early stage of growth on the compensatory growth in male and female broiler chickens. Day-old 480 male and 480 female commercial broiler chickens(Ross strain) were randomly allotted to 32 pens(replicates), 30 birds per pen, to compare the sex difference in growth performance and carcass characteristics. Birds in control group(C) were full fed throughout the study. T1, T2 and T3 were restricted at 4∼11d, 4∼14d and 4∼18d, respectively. Chickens were weighed every week, and one bird was selected from each pen to measure carcass characteristics at the end of experiment. In female chickens, all restricted-fed groups except for T3 weighed same as or heavier than the control group at 7 weeks of age. In male chickens, both T2 and T3 that had longer feed restriction period were significantly different from the control group. Viability was not different significantly. Feed intake in both male and female chickens of T3 group statistically differed from the control group. The female chicks showed larger abdominal fat pad sizes than did male birds up to market age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.446-451
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on weight, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed an experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 40% of calories with wax gourd 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) for 4 weeks. Weight gain and triglyceride level fell significantly in the 15% wax gourd group compared to the control group. Epididymal fat pad, abdominal fat and perirenal fat tended to decrease in the 15% wax gourd group. Leptin and free fatty acid level were not significantly different among the groups. Fat cell size significantly decreased in the 10% and 15% wax gourd groups compared to the control group. Weight gain correlated positively with visceral fat masses and the levels of leptin and triglyceride. Fat cell size significantly correlated with visceral fat and leptin level. Therefore, the 15% wax gourd diet substantially reduced weight, triglyceride and fat cell size. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 446∼451, 2003)

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.606-624
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of Geumnyeonyijin-tang (GNYJT) water extracts with those of metformin (250 mg/kg) in mild diabetic-obese mice. Methods and Results: The 48 mice were divided into 1 normal pellet diet (NFD) group and 5 high-fat diet (HFD) groups. At the end of 12 weeks of oral administration of metformin (250 mg/kg) or GNYJT water extracts (400, 200, or100 mg/kg), the effects were evaluated. The HFD control mice showed noticeable increases in body weight, adipose tissue density, fat pad weight of the periovarian and abdominal wall, and insulin, blood glucose, and HbA1c levels, with decreases in serum HDL levels. Increases in the periovarian and dorsal abdominal fat pad, regions of steatohepatitis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatocyte hypertrophy were also discovered. The HFD group showed a decline in glucose levels and elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting an HFD-induced AMPK downregulation related to glucose dysregulation, as well as lipid metabolism related to obese insulin-resistant type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress related diabetic hepatopathy (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). Conclusion: Assessment of the key parameters for inhibition of diabetes and related complications in HFD-fed diabetic-obese mice demonstrated that GNYJT water extracts have favorable ameliorating effects. The effect of GNYJT was manifested through the stimulation of AMPK upregulation of related hepatic glucose enzyme activities and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Therefore, appropriate oral dosages of GNYJT could be promising as a new preventive candidate for controlling diabetes and related complications. Further screening of biologically active compounds, elucidation of detailed mechanisms, and more animal studies are warranted.