• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjective evaluation and the characteristics of each type of maternal self-awareness. It was to provide the basic data necessary for the development of clothing that can improve the satisfaction of the body shape of pregnant women. This study was conducted with Q methodology, and was performed for pregnant women over 6 months. Analysis was done with QUANL program. The recognition types of body shape of pregnant women was analyzed as three types: thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape, under abdomen protruding body shape, and thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape. The thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape were considered to be normal, with the lowest BMI index before pregnancy. And the limbs were thin and the other parts were not overweight, but recognized that only the belly came out. The under abdomen protruding body shape was overweight with the highest BMI index before pregnancy. In addition to the circumference of the chest and hips, the body was gaining weight and was perceived to have a belly drooping down. The thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape recognized that the middle part of the abdomen protruded like the first type, but it was different from the first type because the upper arm was thickened. In the future study, it would be a meaningful study to compare and analyze the difference with the recognition body of this study through analyzing the actual body shape of pregnant women.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2003

Objective: Hapkok(L14) and Taechung(Liv3) are acupuncture points located on both sides of each foot and hand of the human body. These two points are called sakwan points. Matching these acupuncture points have a significant reason in pints of not only regulating the circulation of Yin-Yang as a source point of each meridian, but also playing a basic role of twelve meridian by controlling circulation of ki and blood in the whole body. There are already related documents and studies on stimulating sakwan points. Since those papers mostly studied on either hapkook or taechung, we came to have a doubt of stimulation the two point at the same time when an unbalance of Yin-Yang and ki-blood appears. Accordingly, we got to investigate how thermogram of body changes after applying an acupuncture on sakwan points. Our study is as follows ; Method : Our study was performed on 30 normal cases(M:F=17:13) with no past history to observe the effects of the acupuncture. We measured temperature of abdomen and the back of both hands by D.I.T.I(Digital infrared Thermographic Imaging) before and after acupuncture on sakwan points. Results and Conclusions: The thermographic change on abdomen was $0.51{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$. Temperature of abdomen after acupuncture was higher than before acupuncture with high validity(p<0.01). And the thermographic changes on the back of both hands were right hand $0.54{\pm}1.17^{\circ}C$, left hand $0.56{\pm}1.28^{\circ}C$. Temperature on the back of both hands after acupuncture was higher than before acupuncture, but the difference between them had little validity(p<0.01). In addition, we found that it doesn't necessarily follow that the thermographic changes on abdomen and back of both hands after acupuncture on sakwan points happen concurrently.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

Human adipose-tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) are abundant in adipose tissue and can differentiate into multi-lineage cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In order to define the optimal harvest site of adipose tissue harvest site, we solated hADSCs from different subcutaneous sites (upper abdomen, lower abdomen, and thigh) and compared their proliferation and potential to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. In addition, this study examined the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, on proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs to adipocytes or osteoblasts. hADSCs isolated from different subcutaneous depots have a similar growth rate. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the expression levels of CD73 and CD90 were similar between hADSCs from abdomen and thigh regions. However, the expression of CD105 was lower in hADSCs from the thigh than in those from the abdomen. Although the adipogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs from both tissue regions was similar, the osteogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs from the thigh was greater than that of hADSCs from the abdomen. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment increased osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation of all hADSCs without affecting their growth rate and the treatment of Go6983, a general inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) blocked the PMA effect. These findings indicate that the thigh region might be a suitable source of hADSCs for bone regeneration and that the PKC signaling pathway may be involved in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the effect on cold hypersensitivity of hands, feet and low abdomen by Sasang constitutional treatment. For this purpose, the effects of a treatment were measured quantitatively using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI). Methods: It was a case of report, the patient was a 25-year-old female whose chief complaint was cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet and low abdomem. We treated the patient with Sasang constitutional treatment, and the effect of a treatment was evaluated by DITI. Results: After Sasang constitutional treatment, the differences of temperature of hands, feet and low abdomem were decreased on DITI screening, respectively. Conclusions: Sasang constitutional treatment on cold hypersensitivity of hands, feet and low abdomen is effective. Further studies on diagnosis tools of low abdomen cold hypersensitivity are needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to redefine the location of acupoints in the lower abdomen by taking actual thoracic and abdominal measurements. Methods: Measurements of the length and height of the thorax, and both the upper and lower abdominal area were compared to standard values defined by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO), and medical text books such as Miraculous Pivot, and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. These measurements were used to redefine the standard of 1 cun, and the cun value of the lower abdomen. Results: Of the 60 studies screened, all studies used the cun measurement system. Considerable variation in the localization of acupoints in the lower abdominal area were detected. The average measurement of a typical male lower abdomen was within 6.33 cun to 6.34 cun. From this data, 6.5 cun appears to be more accurate than the current standardized length of 5 cun. The standardized index values of the width of the 4 fingers, and the distance from the lateral prominence from the greater trochanter to the popliteal crease (Fm), appeared to apply to only males, as defined by the WHO/WPRO. Conclusion: Further studies on standardizing the index measurements for the lower abdominal area are necessary. For males, the more accurate standardized length of the lower abdomen was 6.5 cun, whereas for females, the measurement would typically be longer than 6.5 cun.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2021

Purpose: Although insulin is usually injected into the abdominal subcutaneous fat, in pregnancy women tend to avoid abdominal injections due to concern about fetal damage. Prior studies have been limited to only measuring skin-subcutaneous fat thickness (S-ScFT) at one site at specific pregnancy points. This study aimed to measure S-ScFT across several abdominal sites and over the gestational period in Korean pregnant women. This can identify which site would be relatively safe for subcutaneous injection during pregnancy. Methods: Healthy women over 24 weeks of pregnancy in Korea were invited to voluntarily participate in this descriptive study. For the 142 women, S-ScFT of 12 sites in the abdomen were measured by ultrasound, several times over the pregnancy. Each incidence was treated as a case and a total of 262 cases were analyzed. Results: The mean S-ScFT during pregnancy was 1.14±0.47 cm (1.25±0.54 cm at 24⁺⁰-27⁺⁶ weeks; 1.17±0.48 cm at 28⁺⁰-31⁺⁶ weeks; 1.09+0.40 cm at 32⁺⁰-35⁺⁶ weeks; and 1.06±0.47 cm at 36⁺⁰-40 weeks of pregnancy). Most S-ScFT were thicker than 10 mm. But S-ScFTs in the lateral abdomen and some sites were suboptimal (<6 mm), especially in the pre-pregnancy underweight body mass index group, who had a high rate of suboptimal thickness (27.1% overall and 33.9% in the lateral side). Conclusion: The whole abdomen seems to be appropriate for subcutaneous injection in most Korean women during pregnancy, with a 4 to 5-mm short needle. However, for the lateral abdomen, making the skin fold might be needed for fetal safety.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.195-200
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• 2016

Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is one of the most devastating complications in patients with an open abdomen and has associated morbidity and mortality rates. No gold standard therapy has been established for the treatment of EAF, and thus, treatment decision making is dependent on the experience of medical staff. Nevertheless, treatment involves the following; 1) sepsis must be managed, 2) sufficient nutritional support must be provided, and 3) effluent must be isolated from skin and open viscera. Here the authors present the case of a 29-year-old man who developed enteroatmospheric fistula after damage control laparotomy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 2000

A 69-year old female stroke patient was admitted on August 7, 1998. She had seborrheic dermatitis on her lower abdomen for 25 years. The patient received many treatments but was unable to find a cure. During her hospitalization for stroke, the patient had trouble sleeping. The doctors hypothesized the dermatitis to be the cause of the sleeping disorder and attempted to treat it. The doctors chose Hwangyeonhaedog-tang Gagambang for treatment and smeared it on the patient's abdomen. After ten days of treatment, the dermatitis disappeared and did not reoccur. The patient's abdomen continued to show no symptoms of dermatitis after being released for 2 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2002

Cooling clothes especially cooling vest are being considered for as an efficient way to reduce heat strain under hot environment. But wearing ice gel or ice-based cooling vest caused discomfort to subjects due to the weight of vest. Therefore, this study was executed to find efficient cooling parts and to reduce vest weight by cooling only these parts. Two male subjects were exposed to heat(40$^{\circ}C$, 30%RH) with A type(breast+back+abdomen+waist), B type(breast+back+waist), C type(breast+back+abdomen) and D type(breast+back) cooling vest that distinguished with cooling part. The results were as follows; When subjects were C type and D type vest, sweat volume was less and skin temperature was low. Heart rate and rectal temperature were low in B type and D type. These results suggest that excessive cooling of breast and abdomen may exert a bad influence to health and cooling of back is desirable.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on the patient with hands and feet Hyperhidrosis. Methods A 9-year-old female patient, who was suffering from Hyperhidrosis on both hands and feet, was treated by Korean herbal medicine (Dangguisayuk-tang gami), acupuncture (Joksamri, Taegyue, Taechoong, Souboo hyul symmetricaly) and moxibustion on the abdomen (Joongwan). Also, VAS scales were used to check the improvement. Results About treating for two months, the patient's hyperhidrosis on both hands and feet were improved by Korean herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion on the abdomen. Conclusions This study showed that Korean medical treatments can be an effective for the hands and feet Hyperhidrosis.