• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-44
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• 1969

이상(以上)과 같이 조사(調査) 또는 실험(實驗)한 결과중(結果中) 그 중요(重要)한 것을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 실험용(實驗用) 지상식(地上式) 양송이 재배사(栽培舍)의 효과(効果)에 관(關)하여는 이미 실험결과(實驗結果)및 그 분석(分析)에서 지적(指摘)된 바 있거니와 그 측벽(側壁)및 천정(天井)의 구조(構造)는 재배사(栽培舍)를 외계(外界)의 기상조건(氣象條件)에서 격리(隔離)하는데 충분(充分)한 효과(効果)가 있는 것으로 고려(考慮)된다. 2. 반지하실(半地下室)에 구축(構築)한 실험용(實驗用) 태양식(太陽式) 양송이 재배사(栽培舍)의 효과(効果)에 관(關)하여는 실험결과(實驗結果)및 그 분석(分析)에서 지적(指摘)한 바와 같거니와 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)하는데 있어 충분(充分)한 효과(効果)가 있는 것으로 고려(考慮)된다. 그러나 이것을 농가(農家)에 적용(適用)하기 위(爲)하여는 다음과 같은 제점(諸點)이 개선(改善)되어야 할 것으로 고려(考慮)된다. 즉 (1) 태양식(太陽式)의 지붕과 천정(天井)은 실험용(實驗用) 지상식(地上式) 재배사(栽培舍)의 그것과 동일(同一)히 하고 (2) 태양열(太陽熱) 수열장치(受熱裝置)는 적당(適當)히 재고(再考)되어야 할 것으로 고려(考慮)된다. 태양열(太陽熱) 수열장치(受熱裝置)는 그림 40과 같이 하면 유효(有效)할 것으로 구상(構想)된다. 3. 본실험연구(本實驗硏究)에서 실시(實施)한 각종(各種)의 환기법중(換氣法中) G.E.-C.V. 및 V.S.-C.V. 환기법(換氣法)이 가장 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 본다. 4. 측벽수직(側壁垂直)및 지중(地中) 환기장치(換氣裝置)는 이미 지적(指摘)된 바와 같이 농가(農家) 양송이 재배사(栽培舍)의 자연환기법(自然換氣法)으로 실용적(實用的) 가치(價値)가 충분(充分)하다. 그것은 이들 환기장치(換氣裝置)는 그 환기로(換氣路)를 통(通)하여 사내(舍內)에 유입(流入)되는 외기(外氣)의 온도(溫度)를 인공적(人工的)으로 가열(加熱)이나 또는 냉각(冷却)하지 않고 사내온도(舍內溫度)에 접근(接近)하도록 조절(調節)하는 효과(効果)가 있기 때문이다. 지금 외온(外溫)을 $X^{\circ}C$로 할 때 각종(各種) 환기로(換氣路)에 의(依)하여 흡수(吸收)되는 온도(溫度) $Y^{\circ}C$을 X의 흉수(凶數)로 하는 실험식(實驗式)은 다음과 같이 회귀직선(回歸直線)으로 표시(表示)된다. $$G.P.{\cdots}Y=0.9x-12.8$$ $$G.E.{\cdots}Y=0.96x-15.11$$ $$V.S.{\cdots}Y=0.94x-17.57$$ 5. 재배사내(栽培舍內)에 유입(流入)되는 공기(空氣)및 사외(舍外)로 배출(排出)되는 공기(空氣)에 관(關)한 실험식(實驗式)은 각각(各各) 다음과 같이 회귀직선(回歸直線)및 지수곡선(指數曲線)으로 표시(表示)된다. (1) 배출속도(排出速度) Ycm/Sec를 유입속도(流入速度)${\times}$cm/Sec의 흉수(凶數)로 하는 회귀직선식(回歸直線式) G.E.-C.V.(50%)법(法) $${\cdots}Y=1.01x-1.65$$ G.E.-C.V.(100%)법(法)$${\cdots}Y=0.42x+2.03$$ V.S.-C.V.(100%)법(法)Y=0.85x+0.96 (2) 배출량(排出量) Y $m^3/hr$ 유출량(流出量) ${\times}m^3/hr$의 함수(凾數)로 하는 회귀직선식(回歸直線式) G.E.-C.V.(50%)법(法)$${\cdots}Y=2.59x-10.88$$ G.E.-C.V.(10%)법(法)Y=2.16x+26.53 (3) 상면(床面) 공기이동(空氣移動) 속기(速氣) Y m/Sec를 배출공기(排出空氣) 속도(速度)${\times}$m/Sec의 함수(凾數)로 하는 회귀직선식(回歸直線式) G.E.-C.V.(50%)법(法)$${\cdots}Y=0.54x+0.84$$ (4) $Co_2$ 축적량(蓄積量)Y(%)를 상면(床面) 공기이동(空氣移動) 속도(速度)${\times}$cm/Sec의 함수(凾數)로 하는 회귀직선식(回歸直線式) G.E.-C.V(50%)법(法)$${\cdots}Y=114.53-6.42x$$ (5) $Co_2$ 축적량(蓄積量)Y(%)를 배출(排出) 공기량(空氣量) $m^3/hr$ 함수(凾數)로 하는 지수곡선식(指數曲線式) G.E.-C.V.(50%)법(法) -$$y=127.18{\times}1.0093^{-X}$$ (6) natural vontilation system에 있어서 양송이 생육(生育)에 적합(適合)한 환경적조건(環境的條件)을 마련하기 위(爲)한 환기구(換氣口)의 단면적(斷面績)은 재배사(栽培舍) 전용적(全容積)에 대(對)하여 다음과 같은 비율(比率)로 할 수 있다. G.E. (지중유입환기구단면적(地中流入換氣口斷面績) $${\cdots}0.3-0.5%$$(요조절(要調節)) C.V. (천정배출환기구단면적(天井排出換氣口斷面績) $${\cdots}0.8-1.0%$$(요조절(要調節)) (7) 본연구(本硏究)에서 실험(實驗)한 각종(各種)의 가열장치중(加熱裝置中) 무압(無壓) 증기수(蒸氣水) 보이라로 사용(使用)할 수 있는 온수(溫水) 보이라가 농가용(農家用) 양송이 재배사(栽培舍) 가열장치(加熱裝置)로서, 그 효과면(効果面)에 있어서나 또는 그가격면(價格面)에 있어서 최적합(最適合)하다는 것이 확인(確認)되고 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.500-518
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• 1996

연구배경 : 고립성 폐결절에서 연령, 흡연력, 과거 암 발생력 등의 임상적 특징과 크기, 석회화, 성장속도, 전산화단층촬영 소견 등의 방사선학적 특징이 악성결절과 양성결절의 감별점으로 제시되고 있다. 하지만 알려진 대부분의 감별점은 전산화단층촬영이 광범위하게 보급되기 이전의 자료 그리고 폐암이 현재와 같이 높은 발생률을 보이기 이전의 자료를 토대로 한 것이다. 또한 이를 토대로 한 진단적 접근이 결핵종이 상대적으로 많은 국내에서도 마찬가지로 적용될 수 있을 지에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 악성결절과 양성결절의 감별점으로 제시되는 여러 임상적, 방사선학적 특징과 경피적 흡인세침검사, 외과적 절제술 등 여러 진단방법의 임상적 의의를 재평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1995년 2월까지 서울대학교병원에 입원한 고립성 폐결절 환자 113명중 결절의 원인이 확인된 94명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : (1) 113례중 94례에서 원인질환이 확인되었다. 악성결절이 60례였고 이중 기관지암종이 49례였으며 선암이 30례로 기관지암종의 대부분을 차지하였다. (2) 악성결절을 가진 환자의 평균연령($58.1{\pm}10.0$세)이 양성결절을 가진 환자($49.7{\pm}12.0$세)에 비해 높았으며(p=0.0004), 연령증가에 따라 악성결절이 차지하는 비율이 직선적으로 증가하였다. (3) 흡연력은 양성결절을 가진 환자($13.0{\pm}17.6$갑년)과 악성결절을 가진 환자($18.5{\pm}25.1$갑년)에서 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.2108). (4) 과거력상 암발생력이 있었던 10례중 9례가 악성결절이었으며, 이중 5례는 이전의 암과는 무관하게 새로이 발생한 원발성 폐암이었다. (5)결절의 평균크기는 양성결절($3.01{\pm}1.20cm$)과 악성결절($2.98{\pm}0.97cm$)에서 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.8937). (6) 용적배가시간을 구할 수 있었던 22례중 용적배가시간이 400일이상인 결절 9례중 악성결절이 6례였다. (7) 흉부 전산화단층촬영상 분엽성 또는 침상형 변연, 공기기관지음영, 결절과 흉막사이의 선상음영, 림프절 증대 등을 보이는 경우 악성결절을 보다 더 시사할 수 있었다. 결절 내부의 석회화, 내부 저음영, 결절내부 공동의 벽두께가 균일한 경우, 경계가 잘 지어진 변연, 결절주위 폐실질의 위성병소 등은 양성결절을 시사할 수 있었다. (8) 경피적 흡인세침검사를 통하여 양성결절의 57.6%(19/33)와 악성결절의 81.0%(47/58)를 진단하였다. 양성결절 2례와 악성결절 1례에서 풍요한 진단적 뒤바뀜이 있었다. (9) 수술전 진단이 되지 않은 상태에서 외과적 절제술을 시행한 26례중 11례(42.3%)가 악성결절이었다. 외과적 절제술을 시행한 전체 61례중 악성결절은 46례(75.4%)였다. 결론: 연령이 높을수록, 과거력상 암발생력이 있는 경우, 흉부전산화단층촬영상 분엽성 또는 침상형 변인, 공기기관지음영, 결절과 흉막사이의 선상음영, 림프절 증대 등을 보이는 경우 악성결절을 보다 더 시사할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 하지만 현재까지 고립성 폐결절에서 악성결절과 양성결절을 감별할 수 있는 지표로 여겨졌던 흡연여부나 흡연량, 결절의 크기, 용적배가시간 등은 악성결절과 양성결절의 감별에 도움이 되지 않았다. 국내에서도 원발성 폐암의 빈도가 급속히 증가하고 있는 현실을 고려할 때 원발성 폐암의 치유 가능한 병기를 반영하는 고립성 폐결절이 발견된 환자에서 외과적 절제술을 포함한 보다 적극적인 진단적 접근이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.40-94
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• 2004

최근 서구(西歐)에 불고 있는 명상(冥想)과 참선(參禪) 및 기공(氣功)붐과 더불어 우리 전통(傳統)의 양생법(養生法)들의 가치(價値)가 새롭게 평가(評價)되고 있는데, 아직 우리 고유(固有)의 이론적(理論的) 근거(根據)가 미흡(未洽)한 실정(實情)이다. 이에 저자(著者)는 한국의료기공(韓國醫療氣功)의 이론적고찰(理論的根據)를 마련하기 위해서 한국기공(韓國氣功)의 역사(歷史)를 시대순(時代順)으로 살펴보고, 한국기공(韓國氣功)의 이론적(理論的) 근거(根據)가 되는 ${\ulcorner}$한${\lrcorner}$ 사상(思想)을 검토(檢討)한 후(後), ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$와 ${\ll}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\gg}$에 나타난 신(神)의 의미(意味)와 인체관(人體觀) 그리고 수련법(修鍊法)의 비교연구(比較硏究)를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 삼국시대(三國時代)에 활기(活氣)를 띤 민족고유(民族固有)의 신선도(神仙道)는 점차(漸次) 도교(道敎)의 영향(影響)을 받아 통일신라시대(統一新羅時代) 이후(以後) 점점(漸漸) 쇠퇴(衰退)되어 겨우 명맥(命脈)만 유지하게 되었으며, ${\ulcorner}$한${\lrcorner}$ 사상(思想)의 기원(起源)이 되는 삼대경전(三大經典)중 하나인 ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$에는 유(儒) 불(佛) 도(道) 삼교(三敎)의 원형(原形)이 포함(包含)되어 있었기 때문에 삼국시대(三國時代)부터 들어온 유(儒) 불(佛) 도(道)의 외래사상(外來思想)을 발전적(發展的)으로 수용(受容)할 수 있었다. ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$와 ${\ll}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\gg}$을 비교연구(比較硏究)한 결과 기공(氣功)의 이론적(理論的) 근거(根據)가 되는 세 가지 측면(側面)에서 공통(共通)된 점(點)을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 첫째, 신(神)의 의미(意味)에 있어, 천신(天神)과 인신(人神)의 층차(層差)가 존재하면서도 서로 상통(相通)하고 있으며 신(神)의 작용(作用)을 세 가지로 구분(區分)한다는 면에서 논리구조(論理構造)가 일치(一致)되는 공통점(共通點)이 있었다. 둘째, 인체관(人體觀)에 있어, ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$의 기일원론(氣一元論), 진망이분론(眞妄二分論), 성(性) 명(命) 정(精)과 심(心) 기(氣) 신(身)의 삼분론(三分論)과 형식적(形式的)인 면에서 공통점(共通點)이 있었고 또한 삼진(三眞)인 성(性) 명(命) 정(精)은 삼보(三寶)인 심(心) 기(氣) 신(身)의 이치적(理致的)인 측면(側面)으로, 삼망(三妄)인 심(心) 기(氣) 신(身)은 삼보(三寶)인 정(精) 기(氣) 신(神)의 기능적(機能的)인 측면(側面)으로 이해(理解)할 수 있었다. 셋째, 수련법(修鍊法)에 있어, ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$에 나타난 지감(止感) 조식(調息) 금촉(禁觸)의 수련법(修鍊法)은 각각(各各) 한의학(韓醫學)의 병인(病因)인 내인(內因) 외인(外因) 불내외인(不內外因)을 조절하는 방법(方法)으로 이해(理解)할 수 있었다. 즉 지감법(止感法)은 인간(人間)의 감정(感情)과 마음 그리고 본성(本性)을 조절(調節)하는 방법(方法)으로, 조식법(調息法)은 인체내부(人體內部)의 기운(氣運)뿐만 아니라 인체내외(人體內外)의 기운(氣運)을 조절(調節)하는 방법(方法)으로, 금촉법(禁觸法)은 인체(人體)의 이목구비(耳目口鼻)와 자세(姿勢) 그리고 생활습관(生活習慣) 등을 조절(調節)하는 방법(方法)으로 이해(理解)할 수 있었다. 이상(以上)의 결론(結論)을 통(通)하여 ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$에 나타난 신(神)의 의미(意味)와 인체관(人體觀) 그리고 수련법(修鍊法) 등이 ${\ll}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\gg}$과 공통(共通)된 기공(氣功)의 이론적(理論的) 근거(根據)를 가지므로 ${\ll}$삼일신고(三一神誥)${\gg}$는 한국의료기공학(韓國醫療氣功學)에 있어서 큰 의의(意義)를 가지고 있으며, 향후(向後)에도 지속적(持續的)인 연구(硏究)가 필요(必要)할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.215-228
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• 1999

배 경: 유육종증은 원인 모르게 비건락성 상피성 육아종이 전신에 발생하는 질환으로서 그 경과가 매우 다양하여 많은 환자들은 자연적으로 치유되기도 하나 일부 환자들은 계속 진행하여 호흡부전으로 사망하기도 하며 이러한 다른 결과가 초래되는 기전이나, 그 결과를 예측하는 지표는 아직 알려진 것이 없다. 유육종증은 병변내에서는 CD4+ T 임파구가 수적으로 증가할 뿐 아니라 그 작용이 과다하게 증가하며 이러한 병변내에서의 CD4+ T 임파구의 과다한 작용은 정확한 원인은 아직도 모르지만 이들이 oligoclonality를 가진 것으로 미루어 어떤 항원의 지속적인 자극에 기인할 것으로 추측하고 있다. 근래에 CD4+ T 임파구가 주로 IL-2 및 IFN-$\gamma$을 분비하고 지연성 과민 반응에 기여하는 Th1 세포와 IL-4, IL-5, IL-10을 분비하여 알레르기 반응에 관여하는 Th2 세포의 두 종류가 있다는 것이 밝혀졌고, 유육종증 병변 내 CD4+ T 임파구는 IL-2 및 IFN-$\gamma$를 분비하는 Th1 세포가 주인것으로 생각되고 있다. 또한 최근 미분화 T 세포들을 Th1 세포쪽으로 분화를 유도하는 데에 IL-12가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이 알려졌으며, Mmoller등은 폐유유종증 환자에서 기관지폐포세척액(Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid : BALF) 내 IL-12가 증가한 것을 관찰하였다. 그러므로 폐유육종증의 병변의 계속적인 진행, 또는 자연치유 여부의 결정에 IL-12가 관여할 것을 추측할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 IL-12가 유육종증의 활동성 지표로 사용될 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대 상: 조직학적으로 확진된 폐유육종증 환자 26명(남자: 10명, 여자: 16명, 연령: $38.7{\pm}10.6$세)과 정상 대조군 11명을 대상으로 진단 시 얻은 BALF 내 IL-12양과 BALF내 폐포대식세포 (Alveolar macrophage : AM)를 24 시간 배양 시 배양액 내로 분비되는 IL-12양을 ELISA 방법으로 측정 비교하였다. 폐유육종증 환자들중 12명이 임상적으로 비활동성이었고, 14명은 활동성이었다. 결 과: 폐유육종증 환자들의 BALF내 총세포수, AM 총수, 임파구백분율 및 총수, CD4/CD8 비가 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나, 활동성 및 비활동성 환자군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. BALF내 IL-12 농도는 폐유육종종 환자에서 $49.3{\pm}9.2$ pg/ml로 정상대조군의 $2.5{\pm}0.4$ pg/ml 보다 유의하게 (p<0.001) 높았고, 활동성 유육종증에서는 $70.3{\pm}14.8$ pg/ml로 비활동성 환자들의 $24.8{\pm}3.1$ pg/ml 보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.001). BALF내의 IL-12 농도는 BALF내 AM백분율 (p<0.001), 임파구 백분율 (p<0.001) 및 임파구 총수 (p<0.001)와도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 BALF내의 IL-12 농도는 최근에 유육종증의 활동성의 지표로 알려지고 있는 혈청 및 BALF내 sICAM-1 농도(각각 p<0.001, p=0.001), AM의 ICAM-1 발현도와도 (p<0.001) 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. AM에서의 IL-12분비량은 폐유육종증 환자들에서 $206.2{\pm}61.9$ pg/ml로 정상대조군의 $68.3{\pm}43.7$ pg/ml 보다 높았으며 (p<0.008), 활동성 및 비활동성 환자군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 BALF 내 IL-12 농도는 폐내 염증 세포의 침윤 정도를 반영하며, 유육종증의 활성도를 예측하는 지표로서 유용할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 1999

연구배경: 천식은 발병 기전의 규명과 새로운 치료 방법의 개발에도 불구하고 그 사망률은 줄지 않고 있다. 천식의 사망과 관련이 추정되어 온 몇몇 인지들이 알려져 있으나 중환자실 입실 시점에서 호흡부전을 동반한 천식 환자들의 사망과 관련된 예후 인자들에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않았다. 본 내과계중환자실로 입실하였던 중증천식환자들을 대상으로 중환자실 입실 시점에서 사망과 관련될 수 인자들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 내과계중환자실에 호흡부전을 동반한 기관지 천식으로 입실하였던 59명(나이 $55.9{\pm}18.0 $세, 남:여 32:25)을 대상으로 하였다. 중환자실 입실 당시와 24-48 시간째의 활력 증후, 동맥혈가스검사, 투약 상황, 동반 질환, 인공호흡기의 사용 여부, APACHE III 점수 및 입원 경과 중 발생한 합병증 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 사망률은 32.2%였고 사망군은 생존군에 비하여 연령($66.2{\pm}10.5$, $51.0{\pm}18.8$세)이 높았고 입원 전폐기능 검사(내원 1년 이내 최고치)는 FVC($59.2{\pm}21.1$, $77.6{\pm}23.3%$)및 $FEV_1$($41.4{\pm}18.8$, $61.l:{\pm}23.3%$) 이 사망군이 생존군에 비하여 낮았다. 입실 당시 활력증후, $PaCO2_2$, $PaO_2/FiO_2$, $AaDO_2$는 두군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 입실 당시 APACHE III치 ($74.5{\pm}48.3$, $48.8{\pm}20.5$)는 사망군에서 높았고 내원 2일째 맥박수($121.6{\pm}22.3$, $105.2{\pm}19.4$회/분), $PaCO_2$ ($50.1{\pm}16.5$, $41.8{\pm}12.2 mm Hg$), $PaO_2/FiO_2$($160.8{\pm}59.8$, $256.6{\pm}78.3 mm Hg$), $AaDO_2$($l81.5{\pm}79.7$, $98.6{\pm}47.9 mm Hg$), 및 APACHE III치 ($57.6{\pm}21.1$, $20.3{\pm}13.2$)등이 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 폐렴, 허혈성 뇌손상, 병 경과 중 패혈증이 동반된 경우 사망률이 높았다(p<0.05). 연령 (>60세), 입실 당시와 입실 후 2일째 $PaO_2/FiO_2$비 (<200 mm Hg), APACHE III($\geq$40), 및 입실 당시 폐렴 여부를 사용한 다변수 분석에서 $PaO_2/FiO_2$비(< 200 mm Hg, 대응위험도 12.7) 및 APACHE III($\geq$40, 대응위험도 21.7) 가 사망과 관련된 지표로 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론: 호흡부전을 동반한 중증천식환자의 예후는 입실 시정의 임상 양상 보다 천식치료의 반응에 따른 중화자실 내원 2일째 $PaO_2/FiO_2$비 (200 mm Hg 미만)와 APACHE III점수 ($\geq$40 점 이상)가 사망의 가능성을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 지표로 사료되었다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

목 적: 전립선암 환자의 정확한 방사선치료를 위해 사전에 fiducial marker를 삽입하고 매 치료 전에 전립선의 위치를 확인 하는 방법이 있다. OBI (On-Board Imager)를 이용하여 대퇴부와 골반부에 가려져 잘 보이지 않았던 fiducial marker를 보다 명확히 확인할 수 있는 KV X-ray Both oblique (양사방향)촬영을 시행하고 기존의 2D/2D match (AP/LAT)촬영방법과 비교해서 그 유용성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2012년 9월부터 2013년 4월까지 본과의 전립선암 환자 중 fiducial marker를 삽입하고 직장 ballooning을 시행한 환자 5명을 대상으로 치료 전 기존의 위치잡이 방법인 2D/2D match (AP/LAT) 즉 $0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$ 각도의 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상을 구성하고, 치료실에서는 환자 셋업 후 On-Board Imager로 얻어낸 $0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$ 방향의 KV X-ray Live 영상과 융합시켜 marker matching을 하고 X, Y, Z축에 대한 보정 값을 산출하였다. 또한 이와 비교 평가하는 양사방향 촬영에 적합한 각도를 결정하기 위하여 OBI source 각도 $10^{\circ}$ 간격으로 $0{\sim}360^{\circ}$ 방향의 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상을 구성한 후 그 중에서 fiducial maker가 가장 명확히 보이는 정 양사방향 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$ 방향의 영상을 선택하여 X, Y, Z축에 대한 보정 값을 산출하였으며, 기존의 AP/LAT ($0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$) matching 방법 비교평가 하기 위해 새롭게 구성한 양사방향($45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$) matching 방법을 격일로 병행하면서 fiducial maker matching을 실시하였다. 각 방법별 발생된 오차 이동 값에 대해서는 matching 후 보정하여 치료에 적용하였다. 결 과: OBI KV X-ray 영상을 이용한 2D/2D match는 직교하는 두 개의 영상이 필요하므로 직교가 되면서 fiducial marker의 위치파악이 명확하고, matching이 가장 유용한 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상은 OBI source 각도 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$ 방향에서 marker matching이 가장 유용하였으며, 각각의 matching 방법에 따라 환자를 셋업 하고 각 환자별로 치료 분할 수에 따른 각각의 X, Y, Z축의 오차 이동 값 $Mean{\pm}SD$를 산출한 결과, X축에서 AP/LAT: $0.4{\pm}1.67$ mm, OBLIQUE: $0.4{\pm}1.82$ mm, Y축에서 AP/LAT: $0.7{\pm}1.73$ mm, OBLIQUE: $0.2{\pm}1.77$ mm, Z축에서 AP/LAT: $0.8{\pm}1.94$ mm, OBLIQUE: $1.5{\pm}2.8$ mm로 나타났다. 즉 기존의 AP/LAT방향과 양사방향 촬영의 비교결과 오차 이동 값은 Z축 방향으로 다소 높게 나타났다. 이러한 오차 이동 값은 대상 환자의 적절한 전 처치 시행 여부와 치료 시 필연적으로 발생하는 셋업오차라 사료되며 각 환자별로 오차 값을 보정해서 치료에 적용하였다. 결 론: 전립선암 환자의 치료 전 자세 위치잡이 단계 시 OBI source angle $45^{\circ}/315^{\circ}$ 양사방향 촬영은 기존의 OBI source 각도 $0^{\circ}/270^{\circ}$ 방향의 AP/LAT 촬영보다 명확하게 fiducial marker를 확인 할 수 있으므로 보다 정확한 fiducial matching이 가능하였다. 또한 명확한 marker의 위치확인으로 matching에 소요되는 시간도 단축시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 기존의 방법 보다 적은 피폭선량으로 촬영이 가능 하였다. 따라서 전립선암 환자 뿐 만 아니라 양사방향 위치잡이 방법을 이용 할 수 있는 다른 치료부위에 대해서도 프로토콜을 마련하여 적용하면 정확한 치료에 필수적인 위치잡이 방법의 질을 향상 시키는데 기여 할 수 있으리라고 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 1969

인삼식물의 종간교잡에 있어서 일대잡종식물은 양친에 대하여 약 1.6~3.0배의 강제를 나타내지만 심한 불임현상으로 거의 잡종 제삼세대를 얻을수 없었다는 점에서 그 원인을 밝히고저 고려인삼${\times}$인 미국인삼의 잡종에 대한 발생학적조사관찰을 하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 잡종인삼의 영양생장은 양친과 같이 정상적이며 강세를 나타내나 생식생장에서는 심한 조해를 받는다. 2. 생식기관형성에 있어서도 감수분열기 이전까지는 제조직의 발생은 거의 정상적으로 진행된다. 3. 대포자모세포나 소포자모세포의 감수분 장과정은 심한 불규칙성을 나타내며 어떠한 것은 분열직전부터 퇴화되기 시작한다. 4. 소포자모세포의 핵분열에 있어서 제1분열 중기 또는 후기에 일가염색체 또는 염색체교 등이 출현하는 이상분열상을 관찰할 수 있었으나 감수분열이 끝난 것은 역시 사분자가 대부분이고 이분자나 사분자 이상의 소포자형성은 볼 수 없었다. 5. 소포자형성 또는 화분형성과정에 있어서 한 약내에서 여러 단계의 발육상을 볼 수 있었다. 6. 거대, 미소, 공허화분은 극히 적었다.(Fig. 23). 7. 대포자모세포기 이후 배주의 발육속도는 전반적으로 지연된다. 8. 감수분열을 마친 후 대포자는 오분자를 형성하는 것도 있다.(Fig. 5). 9. 대개는 합점측의 대포자가 활성화하는데 중간에 위치하는 것이 활성대포자인 것도 불 수 있다.(Fig. 6). 10. 배주의 퇴화는 대포자모세포기부터 팔핵배낭기까지 사이에 일어나는데 그 시작 시기는 개체마다 조만이 있으며 각양각색이다. 11.0 대포자의 배열은 양친에서는 선장, 중간형인데 F1에서는 선장, 중간형, T형, ㅗ형 등 여러 가지 형을 볼 수 있다.(Fig. 5, 7). 12. 배주에 있어서 감수분열이나 배낭핵분열 또는 배낭형성에 불규칙성에 심할수록 합점기부에 잔재하는 배심조직이 크다(Fig. 8, 10). 13. 배낭형성기까지 도달한 것이라 하더라도 배낭핵은 항시 불안정하여 정해진 장소에 배치되지 못한다.(Fig. 10, 11, 12). 14. 배유조직을 결한 배낭내에 선장의 4세포원배를 형성한 것을 볼 수 있었다.(Fig. 20) 15. 인삼의 잡종에 있어서의 불임원인을 다음과 같이 추정하였다. a) 잡종의 불임현상은 교잡에 의한 Gene-action system의 재조합으로 생체대사계에 혼란을 일으켜 배우자형성세포와 위요세포간의 우열관계가 전도되여 성적결함을 가져오는데 있다고 보았다. 즉 정상배낭에서는 배우자형성세포는 그것을 둘러싸고 있는 위요세포보다 크고 농염되며 활성적이어서 위요세포를 소화흡수하여 발육케 된다. 그러나 퇴화배낭에서는 재조합으로 인한 세포질의 변화는 극성 (Polarity) 또는 내생리듬 (Endogneousrhythm)의 변화 혹은 교란을 가져와 발육과정에서 성적결함을 일으켜 불임으로 된다고 추정하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.465-478
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• 1995

이 연구(硏究)는 성숙활엽수림(成熟闊葉樹林) 개벌수확지(皆伐收種地)에서 벌채(伐採)로 인한 산림환경변화량(山林環境變化量)을 조사하여 산림환경(山林環境)을 구성(構成)하는 인자들에 미치는 벌출(伐出)의 영향을 정량적(定量的)으로 분석(分析)함으로써, 산림환경(山林環境)에 미치는 임목수확작업(林木收穫作業)의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)할 목적으로 1993년부터 1994년까지 전남(全南) 광양(光陽) 백운산(白雲山) 지역(地域) 천연활엽수림(天然闊葉樹林) 벌채지(伐採地)(서울대학교(大學校) 농업생명과학대학(農業生命科學大學) 부속(附屬) 남부연습림내(南部演習林內) 제(第) 26임반(林班))에서 수행되었다. 이 연구를 위하여 1993년에 벌채한 13ha의 벌채지(伐採地)와 이와 연접한 비벌채지(非伐採地), 그리고 벌채지(伐採地)에 개설(開設)한 약 2.6km의 운재로(運材路)를 조사(調査) 연구대상지(硏究對象地)로 선정하였다. 이 연구지(硏究地)에서 1993년부터 1994년까지 식생(植生), 토양미소동물(土壤微小動物), 강수량(降水量), 토양(土壤)의 이화학성분(理化學成分), 표면유출수량(表面流出水量), 계류수질(溪流水質), 산지사면(山地斜面) 침식량(侵蝕量) 등을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 벌채후(伐採後) 2년간 하층식생(下層植生)의 종수(種數)와 종다양도지수(種多樣度指數)는 증가하였으며, 종구성 상태는 비벌채지(非伐採地)와 상이(相異)하였다. 또한, 벌채지(伐採地) 토양(土壤)에서 용적밀도(容積密度)와 토양경도(土壤硬度)는 증가(增價)하였으며, 이 기간(期間) 동안 벌채지(伐採地)에서 토양유기물(土壤有機物), 전질소(全窒素), 유효인산(有效燐酸), 양이온치환용량(置換容量), 치환성(置換性)이온인 ($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ 등은 벌채전(伐採前)보다 감소하여 토양의 완충능력(緩衝能力)은 감소하는 것으로 해석(解析)되었다. 벌채지(伐採地)의 토양미소동물중(土壤微小動物中) 톡톡이류나 응애류의 개체수(個體數)는 비벌채지(非伐採地)보다 당년도에 평균(平均) 5배 증가하였다. 반면, 다음 해에는 벌채(伐採) 당년도보다 감소하였지만, 비벌채지(非伐採地)보다는 많은 경향을 보였다. 한편, 토양미소동물(土壤微小動物)의 변화에 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치는 주요인자는 토양수분(土壤水分), 토양(土壤)의 용적밀도(容積密度), $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ 이온, 양이온치환용량, 그리고 토양깊이 5(0~10)cm에서의 지중온도(地中溫度) 순(順)이었다. 강수(降水)의 표면유출수량(表面流出水量)은 벌채(伐採) 당년도에는 비벌채지(非伐採地)보다 28%, 다음 해에는 24.5%가 증가하였다. 이 기간(期間)동안 벌채지(伐採地) 유역(流域) 계류수(溪流水)의 BOD, COD, pH 등은 상수원수(上水源水) 1급 기준(基準)의 범위내였고, Cd, Pb, 유기인(有機燐), Cu 등 중금속(重金屬)은 검출(檢出)되지 않았으며, 음용수(飮用水) 8개 항목은 먹는 물 수질기준(水質基準) 1급의 범위내에 있었다. 또한, 벌채지(伐採地)에서 산지사면(山地斜面) 침식량(侵蝕量)은 벌채(伐採) 당년도에는 비벌채지(非伐採地)의 0.73ton/ha/yr 보다 약 7배, 다음 해에는 비벌채지(非伐採地)의 0.48ton/ha/yr 보다 약 2배 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합해 볼 때, 대규모(大規模) 벌출작업(伐出作業)으로 인한 환경변화(環境變化)는 환경구성인자(環境構成因子)들에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 이들 영향인자들은 상호간에 밀접한 상관관계(相關關係)를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 대규모(大規模) 임목수확계획시(林木收穫計劃時)에는 환경변화(環境變化)에 대한 영향을 고려한 잔존수림대(殘存樹林帶) 배치(配置), 토양침식(土壤浸蝕), 수질보전(水質保全) 등의 연구(硏究)가 지속적으로 수행(遂行)되어야 할 것이다.