• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.15
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• pp.75-115
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• 2000

In Korea, since the mid 1990s, the subtitles are largely employed on television programs especially on diverting programs like talk shows and game shows. The functions of these subtitles are different from those of the traditional subtitles. The traditional subtitles are used to give credits, explain an action, or represent dialogue, to be brief they are used to give informations. But the new type of subtitles are used to amuse the public. Not only the new subtitles represent words of the guests but also they present opinions or judgements of the program producer. They show also what to give attention to, what the guest feels and finally what to laugh at. These subtitles are very well received by the public. So they are employed more and more frequently by lots of programs. These subtitles will be ratted comic subtitles because their principal function Is to raise a laughter and to make fun. The purpose of this study is to attempt to find some particularities concerning the uses of the comic subtitles on Korean television. The study suggests that the comic subtitles call for the very known social codes because they should be understood clearly by the public. The forms and styles of the codes employed in the comic subtitles are very similar to those used in the comics. Some graphic codes especially developed in the comics are employed with success in the comic subtitles. The comic subtitles are aiming to amuse and provoke a laughter by written text and visual codes usually employed in the comics. But why does the program producer use the comic titles for make the public laugh? Laugh is not a emotional reaction but a act caused by the intellectual judgement. Written text and visual codes employed in the comic subtitles permit to judge the situation intellectually because they give to the public a moment for think about what they treat. They permit the public to see more clearly the situational relations which can provoke a laughter. The comic subtitles constitute now one of the main elements on Korean television. It means that the insertion of writing in the audiovisual media is popular in Korea. The study suggests that there is something in Korean culture which can favours this insertion : in Korea, writing has never been separated from painting. It seems that in Korea, there has been no clear separation between written culture and visual culture. But this point must be approached more carefully and needs profound researches.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.232-246
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• 2016

Subtitles in entertainment programs have extended the roles from providing additional explanation and complementary sound effect to maximizing amusement and impression as the type which triggers the audience's interest. This study examined the characteristics of the subtitles and the effects on the audiences, mainly focused on of JTBC. Based on the result of the content analysis, the interested subtitles are continuously presented in each episode (10~20%) compared to the proportion of the total captions. Producers have repeatedly used the nickname of the cast members to construct and reinforce the character of them. The text analysis shows that the audience's perception about the cast is mainly influenced by the subtitles. The producers intentionally use the subtitles and subjectively intervene in the entertainment programs. The subtitles have a major effect on the audience's perception and image formation. Producers should be more prudent about their use of subtitles and viewers, on the other hand, must interpret the meaning of subtitles, as active information consumers.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2009

This paper proposes a methodology for automatic hierarchy classification of subtitles in a engineering document by the a fact that heading symbols of subtitles represent a hierarchical structure of the document. The proposed methodology is composed of two methods: extracting subtitles from plan text document and determining hierarchical structure of the subtitles. The subtitles in a document is extracted by comparing heading symbol patterns with predefined heading symbol groups, and the depth levels of the subtitles are determined by analyzing relative location of subtitles according to change of the heading symbol patterns. A prototype module, which can transform a plain text document into a structured XML document in accordance with a hierarchical structure of subtitles, is developed based on the proposed methodology, and the performance of the module is analyzed with 20 engineering documents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.93-98
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed a technique in which subtitles are followed according to changes in the user's viewpoint in 360 VR. Create a Sphere object in Unity's Scene and insert a 360-degree image on the surface of the Sphere object. At this time, the ReverseNormals script is used to convert the viewpoint to the inside. The SightOrbitproved script is used to modify the camera view. Use this script to set the environment in which subtitles can move depending on the viewpoint. Next, add the 3D text (subtitle) that the user wants to the lower layer of the main camera and build a 360 VR object. The 3D text subtitles implemented through this study were compared according to the change of the user's viewpoint. As a result, as the viewpoint changes, normal subtitles flow out of line of sight according to the user's point of view, but 3D Text subtitles move according to the user's point of view, and it can be seen that the user can always view the subtitles.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1468-1474
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• 2022

This is an empirical study to find out whether subtitles and infographics can affect the recognition and recall memory of YouTube users. In this study, a total of 104 university students were divided into 4 groups and exposed to 4 types of contents according to the presence or absence of subtitles and infographics. After the subjects watched YouTube content, they responded to the level of their memory through a survey. As a result of the analysis, the subtitles used in YouTube contents did not affect the recall memory of the audience, and the infographic did not affect the recognition memory of the audience. However, when subtitles were used for YouTube content, the audience's recognition memory was found to be high at a statistically significant level, and when infographics were used for YouTube content, the audience's recall memory was found to be high at a statistically significant level. The significance of this study can be found in that the effects of subtitles and infographics that appeared in the audience effect of legacy media such as newspapers and broadcasting were also found in YouTube, a new video content media.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.105-118
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• 2022

This study investigated the effective pedagogical strategies for sewing by examining the efficacy of sewing videos as supplemental learning materials and demonstration tools. Sewing videos were created for face-to-face apparel construction courses, and students' opinions on sewing videos as an educational tool were collected. Videos with subtitles were offered to Apparel Construction Course 1, whereas videos with narration and subtitles were offered to Apparel Construction Course 2. As "supplemental learning materials," students rated videos as more effective for learning and satisfying than "documents with text and images." The effectiveness and satisfaction scores for Apparel Construction Course 2 were significantly higher than those for Apparel Construction Course 1. Furthermore, videos were utilized significantly more than documents, and most students preferred videos over documents. The main benefits of videos as supplemental learning materials were repetitive learning at the learner's convenience and the detailed presentation of the sewing process. Students regarded narration as more effective and satisfying than subtitles. Narrations were expected to be offered along with subtitles. As "demonstration tools," students rated videos as more effective for learning and satisfying than traditional "sewing samples." Students preferred "demonstration with videos" to "demonstration with sewing samples." The main benefits of video demonstration were a close-up view, presentation of the entire sewing process, and shorter wait time without the need for group teaching. Students wanted more sewing videos and narrations to be offered, and various sewing machine feet to be used in the videos. Educational methods for sewing were suggested based on student opinions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.869-871
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• 2011

For people who live in 'the Media Age', contact with the media is indispensable. In various mass media, especially TV, it is the most familiar and influential media, because it is easy to access and used regardless of age or gender. However, in many recent TV programs the subtitles of the misuse and abuse problems are pointed out. In the popular entertainment programs, and dramas, the problems are the most serious. Many entertainment programs organized during prime time have largely a family audience. Thus, the effects and responsibilities according to subtitles should be accompanied. The subtitles are an element that make up the entertainment program. In this study, the abuse cases of subtitle usage were analyzed. This study is aimed at maximizing the proper function of the subtitles, and creating fun and laughter through reducing misuses in various entertainment programs.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

Deaf subtitles provide the hearing impaired with visual elements, commentary, and enjoyment of TV programs. Subtitles in game play are a great help to the game play for the hearing impaired as well as the average user. This paper aims at the academic research on the BIT subtitle system BIT, and is intended to help game play and game broadcasting of the hearing impaired.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2021

Recently, many videos such as online lecture videos caused by COVID-19 have been generated. However, due to the limitation of working hours and lack of cost, they are only a part of the videos with subtitles. It is emerging as an obstructive factor in the acquisition of information by deaf. In this paper, we try to develop a system that automatically generates subtitles using voice recognition and generates subtitles by separating sentences using the ending and time to reduce the time and labor required for subtitle generation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2024

As digital video communication technology advances and global interactions become more frequent, cultural barriers between countries are gradually diminishing. Subtitles in TV content reflect the writing systems and cultural contexts of different countries, aiding in the comprehension of program content. However, when comparing subtitles between countries with different writing systems, variations in format and the representation of onomatopoeic expressions become apparent. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the differences and peculiarities in the onomatopoeic subtitles of Korean and Chinese variety shows, which are based on distinct writing systems. Through this analysis, the study aims to understand how differences in writing systems influence the representation of onomatopoeic subtitles and viewer experience. This investigation is expected to provide creative inspiration for variety show producers and facilitate cross-cultural communication.