• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.117-140
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• 1996

CALS is recognized as a national response to the new chapter of information society. It is essential that the standardization in Korea should be constructed compatible with not only domestic but also international standardization trend. This study aims to propose a proper direction of CALS standardization in Korea, based on the international CALS standardization movement. This paper classifies standard into five types and provides a proper direction and guidance far each standard. As a trend of CALS standard, all ten data files are converted using SGML standard far the interchangeability of data among heterogenous systems. CAD and Graphic data arc also moving toward to the STEP as their standard. In this regard, this paper discusses how to implement SGML and STEP Model. Finally, this paper proposes a method how to construct an EDI system with CALS standard and how to establish a standard authorization institute which will be responsible far the standard authorization. Furthermore, this paper also proposes the CALS Test Network (CTN) as its experimental method.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2002

In the Korean domestic construction field, there are a lot of problems related to construction information exchange and sharing owing to the absence of construction drawing information exchange standard. To remedy the aforementioned inefficiency effectively, it is necessary to apply the STEP standard which is known as an international standard for achieving the establishment of Construction CALS. This study focus on suggesting a methodology to activate the STEP based construction drawing information exchange standard to the current construction drawing information exchanging and sharing practice. In this paper, the domestic and foreign standardization projects related to the construction drawing information have been investigated and analyzed. In addition, a methodology of applying and activating the STEP standard has been suggested. Finally, a verification and certification methodology for applying the CALS/EC construction drawing information exchange standard(STEP) have been suggested.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 1999년도 종합학술대회발표논문집
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

CALS is a strategy to share integrated product data through a set of standards to achieve efficiencies in business and operational mission areas. In this research, we first studied current status for CALS standard and then analyzed the case of US DoD. The results can be summarized as implementing for two major standard in defense CALS system. They are STEP and XML. Our recommendations can be used to set direction for CALS standard implementation and standard selection process.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2004

Objectives : We intended to evaluate the double standard status and to identify factors of determining double standard criteria in multinational corporations of Korea, and specifically those in the occupational health and safety area. Methods : A postal questionnaire had been sent, between August 2002 and September 2002, to multinational corporations in Korea. A double standard company was defined as those who answered in more than one item as adopting a different standard among the five items regarding double standard identification. By comparing double standard companies with equivalent standard companies, determinants for double standards were then identified using logistic regression analysis. Results : Of multinational corporations, 45.1% had adopted a double standard. Based on the question naire's scale level, the factor of 'characteristic and size of multinational corporation' was found to have the most potent impact on increasing double standard risk. On the variable level, factors of 'number of affiliated companies' and 'existence of an auditing system with the parent company' showed a strong negative impact on double standard risk. Conclusion : Our study suggests that a distinctive approach is needed to manage the occupational safety and health for multinational corporations. This approach should be focused on the specific level of a corporation, not on a country level.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_3호
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• pp.1207-1219
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• 2022

「Act On Contracts To Which The State Is A Party」 stipulates that the "Construction Standard Production Rate" and "Construction Standard Unit Price" be used as the criteria for determining the estimated price of construction works performed by public institutions. In this regard, issues such as the application scope of the Construction Standard Unit Price, and the effect of budget reduction continue. However, due to the lack of quantitative data on the actual application of Construction Standard Unit Price, it is difficult to objectively evaluate various issues. In order to prepare data for objective evaluation of the Construction Standard Unit Price, this study analyzed the ripple effect of applying the Construction Standard Unit Price based on the bill of quantity. As a result of the analysis, the Construction Standard Unit Price ripple effect in the civil engineering part was 9.2%, and it was analyzed that there was a ripple effect of about 1.9% based on the civil engineering direct cost. In the construction part, the ripple effect was analyzed to be relatively high at 17%, but it was found to have a ripple effect of about 3% in the construction direct cost. Based on the total direct cost, the ripple effect was calculated as 2.2%. Based on the analysis results, it is possible to evaluate the effect of applying the Standard Market Unit Price, and it is expected to be used as basic data to solve issues. As a future study, it is necessary to additionally analyze the ripple effect by Standard Market Unit Price application range (over 10 billion, over 20 billion won, etc.) and delivery system type (comprehensive evaluation, qualification examination, technical bidding, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to study the appropriate ripple effect of the Standard Market Unit Price.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2012

We are developing meander-shaped metallic magnetic calorimeters using micro-fabrication methods. A planar Nb coil in a meander shape was fabricated on a Si substrate. The coil was designed to have a persistent current using a metal heater evaporated on a part of the coil. A paramagnetic sensor, $5{\mu}m$ thick Au:Er foil, was glued on top of the meander structure with epoxy. The magnetization and heat capacity were measured at different temperatures, and applied field currents matched well with expected values. The detector showed an energy resolution of 4 keV FWHM for the 5.5 MeV alpha particles.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

This article proposes a variable sampling interval (VSI) $\bar{X}$ control chart using weighted standard deviation (WSD) method for skewed populations. The WSD method decomposes the standard deviation of a quality characteristic into upper and lower deviations and adjusts control limits and warning limits of a control chart in accordance with the direction and degree of skewness. A control chart constant is derived for estimating the standard deviation of skewed distributions with the mean of sample standard deviations. The proposed chart is compared with the conventional VSI $\bar{X}$ control chart under some skewed distributions. Simulation study shows that the proposed WSD VSI chart can control the in-control average time to signal (ATS) as an adequate level better than the conventional VSI chart, and the proposed chart can detect a decrease in the process mean of a quality characteristic following a positively skewed distribution more quickly than the standard VSI chart.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2012

The purpose of this study provides the theoretical model for protecting the economic and social loss from the current alternative fuel vehicle which is developed without compatibility and senseless one's own through verifying the statistical significant by method of measuring analysis. The market scale of alternative fuel vehicle depends on customer's and station's expectation about the number of potential vehicle users. It is very difficult for vehicle manufacturer to make a decision on the standard alternative fuel vehicle as it might reduce profit and market share. Accordingly, the development of alternative fuel vehicle should have manufacturer confident on the potential profit in the future. Moreover, if we decide to use the non-standard fuel after we started to use the standard fuel, it would take a huge cost comparing with starting to use the standard fuel only. As a result, once one of companies starts to provide the non-standard fuel service, it is getting more difficult to use the standard fuel going forward. Consequently, we may review the possibility of choice on the standard fuel before the vehicle manufacturer starts service with non-standard fuel.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

The appropriate area for human's most basic living space is an important factor. Therefore, the 'minimum housing standard' is a very important factor to ensure a minimum quality of living space for human life. In Korea, however, the importance of the 'minimum housing standard' has been neglected for about 20 years. Even in Korea, the 'minimum housing standard' has become an nominal existence. In other countries, studies have long been conducted on the minimum housing standards, but studies have shown that studies on the minimum housing standard are not actively occurring in Korea. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current status of the 'minimum housing standard' in Korea and to explore the direction of future research. The study included a total of 29 researches commissioned by the Korea Academic Research Institute (KCI). To ensure the objectivity and reliability of the analysis, analyzed year of research, field of research, method of research, contents of research. Through this study, it is possible to grasp the tendency of previous studies on 'minimum housing standard' in Korea and it is meaningful to increase the usability of 'minimum housing standard' in residential planning. It is also expected that future research on 'minimum housing standards' will be able to present the direction of the field to be developed.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the score data released by the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation to find out the problems with the current scoring system provided by the College Scholastic Ability Test and to suggest improvement measures to solve these problems. Methods: We calculated the descriptive statistics of the standard scores using the frequency distribution table of the standard scores and identified the characteristics of the standard scores by expressing the distribution as a graph. Also, we developed an index to evaluate whether each stanine level was stably assigned and calculated the indexes for each area/subject by using the data on the number of examinees for each level. Results: We found that the relationship of conversion from raw scores to integerized standard scores is different depending on the size of the standard deviation of the raw scores, and identified the problem that the raw score information is not fairly reflected in the calculation of the percentile and level as the two raw scores are converted to one standard score. This problem can be solved by calculating the standard score to a decimal point. Conclusion: In this study, as a way to improve the quality of the scores of the current CSAT, the standard score and percentile decimal notation, the specific regulations of the standard score and stanine level calculation method, and the expansion of the open range of the scores were suggested.