• 농촌계획
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

This paper examines the pastoral ideal and its legacy to landscape design. We have had the routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We, who would liken a scenic view to a picture, often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pastoral literature and traditional landscape paintings: the lush of towering trees, the field of endless green, the soft babbling flow of the river and the crisp clear sky. It is not a portrayal of nature as it is, but in fact a conceptual expression of its ideal form. The ideological root of that natural beauty can be retraced to the pastoral ideal, so eagerly longed for by people of the western world. A pastoral landscape graciously marked with leisurely peace and subtle harmony is what we identify as beautiful nature. In fact, however, it is no more than an artificial refuge in contextual isolation from its surrounding, and a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. The tradition of pastoralism, reaching its peak in the 18th century with its English Landscape Garden style, was transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. Landscape design in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and process. And we simply identify the green ornamentation with nature.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.12-24
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• 1997

One argument of this study is that the policy to handle and landscape of cultural and historical property had to do with people's visual preferences. This study seeks to investigate people's visual preferences toward the landscape of cultural /historical property, specifically dealing with 'Namdaemun', which is the first class cultural property of Korea. People's visual preference was specifically examined into the four specific concepts : 'visual identity','harmony','beauty of the target property', and 'overall beauty'. Two objective variables, such as, 'distance' between the viewer and the cultural property, and 'height' of background buildings were considered possible predictors of the four visual preference variables. Photos of 'Namdaemun' were taken at three different directions and at three different distances. The photographed images of 'Namdaemun' were transferred ito the digitalized graphic images, where the height of background buildings was artificially changed and simulated. The simulated visual images were taken into the slides again. A total of 59 students of the Department of Landscape architecture at Seoul City University were sampled as subjects. A series of 17 slides were shown to the subjects four times. The subjects were asked to check their preference ratings concerning the four concepts on a 7-point Likert scale. The results found in this study were as follows : 1) In the results of ANOVA, it was clear that people visually preferred the view where the height of background buildings were lower than 15 floors to the view of more than 15 floors . 2) From the results of the path analysis, it was found that 'harmony','visual identity' and 'beauty of the target property' were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. The 'height ' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' were not found to be direct predictors, however, they demonstrated their effects on 'the overall beauty' through the other variable, which were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. In sum, the longer the distance and the higher the background buildings, the lower people's preference with the 'overall beauty'. These indirect paths, in turn, also explain why and how the 'height' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' negatively influence the 'overall beauty'. An implication from the these results is that when the height of background buildings were not controllable, there would be some other strategies for improving people's visual preference toward the historical /cultural view. To increase 'visual identity' of the cultural property, for example, changing colors of the cultural property or increasing the lighting level, etc., would be one strategy, since the increased 'visual identity' will, in turn, increase 'the overall beauty'.

• 농촌계획
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2024

Since 1949, the UK has implemented a national land planning strategy to sustain rural areas, emphasizing the concept of 'Natural Beauty.' This involves designating "Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)" as a political approach to conserving rural landscapes and fostering a societal consensus on environmental conservation. AONB adopts an integrated and systematic approach to achieve harmony between the environment and human activities. This study investigates the implications of the AONB rural landscape management approach through case studies of the Cotswolds Conservation Board and Cannock Chase Joint Committee. It examines the legislative designation and supporting processes of AONB, analyzing the governance system to clarify the roles of authorities in policy decision-making. AONB's system revolves around joint committees or conservation boards of local authorities responsible for establishing, implementing, and monitoring management plans. The planning process involves a harmonious management plan system reflecting regional demands, including regular forums. AONB serves as a powerful tool for local residents to engage in the development of their region through stewardship. The study suggests that understanding the AONB model could provide a foundation for developing rural landscape conservation and spatial management plans tailored to Korea's context in the future.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Recently, as urban landscape is growing in importance, urban landscape planning is being actively performed. for this purpose, classification of the urban landscape is definitely required. Therefore, this research focuses on classifying urban landscape in Daejeon metropolis by dividing the urban land use pattern. This results are as follows. 1. Urban land use pattern is divided into 20 classes. The residential, commercial and industrial areas, the old market and the bus terminal are evaluated negatively, whereas the areas of school, water reservoir, neighborhood park and train station are appreciated as being positive in landscape characters. 2. As a result of a cluster analysis, urban landscape has five different landscape types. These are: landscapes of medium diversity lacking green area, landscapes of high diversity lacking green area, landscapes rich in green area and with medium diversity, landscapes rich in green area and with high diversity, and landscapes rich in green area and with low diversity. 3. In landscape characters of beauty and harmony, landscapes rich in green area and with medium diversity are more positively evaluated than those rich in green area and with low diversity. This point should be taken into account for planning the urban landscape.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

This study aims to discover the landscape image of bridges and their harmonization wish surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of five types of bridges on the Han-River, Seoul. Twenty-one bridges on Han-River were classified into five categories ; the cable stayed bridge, the arch bridge, the girder bridge, the trust bridge and the suspension bridge. Also, aesthetic elements of the bridges including the form the texture, the color, the scale and the harmony were examined. The questionaires to analysis the image and harmonization with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert scale. The results of the research were as follows. First, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, ‘beauty’, ‘weightfulness’ and ‘friendliness’. Second, the image of each bridge as a whole turns out not to be different from each other but to be different in the context of neighboring sceneries. It was also determined that both the Cable Stayed Bridge type and the Arch Bridge type are the most attractive. But, the former does have a more masculine image, and the latter has a m[n feminine image. Third, the Cable Stayed Bridge and the Arch Bridge were evaluated highly in terms of harmonization with surrounding landscapes, while the Girder Bridge received the lowest evaluation. All of the above results suggest that the bridges should be constructed not only for beauty itself in form, color, texture and scale, but also in harmonization with the surrounding landscape. Lastly, it is desirable to do further research to find out sort specific design principles that exist between bridges and tangible surrounding landscape types.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1994

This study deals with the consciousness and visual preference and image about the fence that is an important factor and a vertical element in the streetscape. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from the questionnaires and the photos for the fence scene. 1. The answerers considering the fence had great influence on the beauty of a city were over 80%, also the fence influence good effect on a city was higher than 63%. 2. The answerers prefering the fence materials mixed with inanimate materials and plants was higher than 50%. Also the design offence was regarded to be the most important element when established. 3. While the satisfying factors for the visual preference were peculiarity, abundance and harmony, the dissatisfying factors were commonplaceness, disharmony and isolation(closing). Also the preference factors were the design and material in several elements of the fence. 4. At the part of function, the preferable places were estimated highly as boundary mark, eye interception but in the visual effect were so low. 5. Psychological factor, related to the satisfaction of the fence, had a grip of three factors, evaluation, formation, potentiality, and the presumption formula was: Satisfaction=1.61(Evaluation)+0.30(Formation)+0.55(Potentiality)+6.23(R2=0. 63)

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2009

본 연구는 인간 활동을 담는 형식과 의미의 총체라 할 수 있는 서원, 그 중에서도 경상남도 함양의 남계서원을 대상으로 공간 및 시각구성상에 내재된 형식미와 의미 파악을 통해 서원 조영에 담겨진 경관짜임 원리를 풀이하고 현대 유사 전통적 공간의 경관설계 시 적용하기 위한 착안점을 구하기 위해 시도되었다. 남계서원은 생성과 풍요를 거쳐 초월과 회귀로 이어지는 비산비야(非山非野)의 풍수적 명처[연화부수형]에 생거사유(生居死幽) 형국에서부터 치(置)와 화(和)를 이루고 있다. 그리고 사당-내삼문-강당-동서재-외삼문으로 이어지는 위계는 일상제-삼신-오제로 연결되는 삼신오제사상의 투영이자 주자가례에 의한 예제적 틀을 준용한 비례부동(非禮不動)의 의미 넣기 기법이다. 또한 남계서원의 환경설계에는 산수의 물질적 대립 항 그리고 전후(前後), 종횡(縱橫), 동정(動靜)이라는 방향과 운동의 이진부호적 복합체계를 개입시켜, 경직된 축선을 고집하지 않으면서도 자연지형에 밀착된 건물과 마당의 공간 및 시각구성상의 비대칭 균형원칙을 추구하여 '치와 화'의 교집합 공간을 구축하였다. 한편, 건물 이름 짓기는 학문수양과 관련하여 성리학적 가르침과 풍수사신사(風水四神砂) 구조와 연계시켜 이루어짐으로서 기능과 의미를 일체화시킨 치와 화의 경관 놓기와 경관 맞추기가 드러나고 있다. 또한, 건물과 마당의 폐쇄감으로 볼 때 강학(講學) 및 유상(遊賞)공간 그리고 제향공간은 그 공간성격에 따라 개방감과 위요감, 긴장감과 안도감, 상승감과 위계감이 적절히 부여되는 등 청각적으로 의사 전달이 가능한 인간적 척도 개념이 반영되고 있다. 남계서원의 초기 건립과 이후의 변모과정에서 드러난 자연과 유연하게 이어지는 기능, 완결을 지향하는 비완결의 열림 그리고 긴장과 이완이 반복되는 동세적 아름다움을 구현하기 위한 치(置-놓기)와 자연과 일체감을 갖는 질서와 연속, 기념성과 일상성의 공유 등을 구현하기 위한 화(和-맞추기)의 경관짜임 의도는 오늘날 토지이용계획은 물론 캠퍼스 환경설계 분야에 시사하는 바가 크다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

The aim of this study is how to understand of structural and elemental landscape image in suburban village. Nowadays, it is well known fact that suburban villages are most likely to be invaded by urbanization. Therefore, the research is focused on how the image of suburb has been changed, what patterns have been created in residential area, what are the different outcomes from different distance, and what are the changes in types of buildings, at particular village called Doojeong in Pyeongtaek city. When collecting supplemental information, elders in village have been participated in comparison of traditional and foreign. The village shows significant characteristics of such phenomenon. According to the research, there are three results. First, ironically, the structural patterns of the village is concentric as seen on urban garden, yet they do not have central function. Second, traditional homes are transformed into functional shape. The most popular roof design that takes 65 percent of whole is modernized flat roof shape. Hanok (Korean traditional house) style is disappearing. Third, due to the massive barn buildings and their monochrome, the beauty of community and architectural harmony are buried.

• 농촌계획
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to present a new orientation for the residential culture that can meet the shifting demands of modern people as their attitudes toward life change. One of the rural regions that has lately attracted considerable attention, Wonsam-myun, Yongin city, is selected as the residence zone to develop a housing complex. In this study, a new housing complex is designed to supplement the defects of existing housing complexes by making the utmost use of the merits that Wonsam-myun as a residential environment can offer. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. To present a new Korean model, yellow soil houses and traditional trees were used to utilize Korea's traditional landscape beauty in the construction and landscape aspect, instead of imitating indiscreetly foreign styles in which most newly developed housing complexes were built. 2. To provide convenience to prospective residents, a package sales scheme covering from lot purchase to building permit was adopted. 3. As for the planting plan, existing plants was preserved as much as possible to keep harmony with new plants. In selecting plant types, a traditional method that emphasizes on the visual effects of aesthetic plants and shade trees with the change of seasons and plants various kinds of plants according to directions was adopted. 4. Each household was given the opportunity to design its own garden according to the family's preference and taste. 5. The advantages of a rural area that city does not offer were fully utilized to provide the residents with convenience and pleasure of living.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2022

병산서원은 한국 전통 건축과 차경 설계의 자연친화성 또는 비인위성을 대표하는 아이콘으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 오늘날 병산서원을 수식하는 대표적인 비유인 '그림과 액자'를 중심으로 서원의 차경이 착시와 환영의 풍경을 선사하는 인위적 기법임을 논의하고자 한다. 연구는 다음의 세 부분으로 구성된다. 첫째, 오늘날 '그림'과 '액자'는 각기 순수한 자연의 아름다움과 이를 여과 없이 전달하는 건축적 틀을 일컫는 비유로 사용되며, 이는 자연과 건축의 조화라는 현대 한국인의 기대 심리가 투사된 결과물임을 지적한다. 둘째, 서원을 설계하고 이용하던 조선 중기의 인물들이 차경을 향유한 방식을 추론하기 위해 당대의 시와 회화에 묘사된 풍경과 차경이 선사하는 풍경을 비교하고, 차경을 통한 조망이 동시대의 경관 예술과 마찬가지로 성리학적으로 이념화된 자연의 이미지를 연상하도록 유도함을 밝힌다. 셋째, 이상의 고찰을 바탕으로 차경이 선사하는 '그림'이란 보는 이의 인식이 빚어낸 환영(幻影)이며 차경이라는 '액자'는 이를 촉발하는 인지적 착시 기법으로 구성되어 있음을 주장한다. 이상의 논의를 통해 병산서원의 차경을 자연주의적 표상으로 소비하는 시선에서 이탈하여 시대적, 문화적 보기 방식을 유도하는 적극적인 설계 행위로 인식하고, 자연과 문화유산을 바라보는 오늘날의 시선을 재점검하는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.