• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Objective: To compare the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using dual switching monopolar (DSM), switching bipolar (SB), and combined DSM + SB modes at two different interelectrode distances (25 and 20 mm) in an ex vivo study, which simulated ablation of a 2.5-cm virtual hepatic tumor. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 ablation zones were created (22 ablation zones for each protocol) using three separable clustered electrodes. The performances of the DSM, SB, and combined DSM + SB ablation modes were compared by evaluating the following parameters of the RFA zones at two interelectrode distances: shape (circularity), size (diameter and volume), peritumoral ablative margins, and percentages of the white zone at the midpoint of the two electrodes (ablative margin at midpoint, AMm) and in the electrode path (ablative margin at electrode path, AMe). Results: At both distances, circularity was the highest in the SB mode, followed by the DSM + SB mode, and was the lowest in the DSM mode. The circularity of the ablation zone showed a significant difference among the three energy groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 for 25-mm and 20-mm, respectively). All size measurements, AMm, and AMe were the greatest in the DSM mode, followed by the DSM + SB mode, and the lowest were with the SB mode (all statistically significant). The white zone proportion in AMm and AMe were the greatest in the SB mode, followed by the DSM + SB mode and DSM in general. Conclusion: DSM and SB appear to be complementary in creating an ideal ablation zone. RFA with the SB mode can efficiently eradicate tumors and create a circular ablation zone, while DSM is required to create a sufficient ablative margin and a large ablation zone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.981-989
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• 2014

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of functional oils (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda) on performance response of chickens challenged with coccidiosis and the determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), the coefficients of protein and ether extract digestibility and intestinal morphology of broilers fed with diets containing Essential. In Exp. 1, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion with coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) challenged birds and two different inclusion rates of Essential (1.5 kg/ton and 2 kg/ton) with coccidiosis-challenged and non-challenged birds for each inclusion rate, using 10 replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit. After 7 d of coccidiosis challenge, the livability was approximately 10% lower (p<0.05) for the control group. Intestinal lesion scores were lower (p<0.05) in the anterior intestine and the cecum for the chickens supplemented. Feed efficiency and growth rate were improved in birds supplemented with Essential (p<0.05) before the coccidiosis challenge and during the first 7 d post infection. In Exp. 2, a CRD was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion and one diet with inclusion of Essential (1.5 kg/ton), using nine replications and 33 chicks per pen. The diets with Essential yielded approximately 4% higher AME (p = 0.003) and $AME_n$ (p = 0.001). Essential supplementation increased villus height in the jejunum on d 14 (p<0.05). Villus height:crypt depth ratio for the supplemented birds was larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum on d 7, larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum on d 14. In conclusion, these functional oils improved the energy utilization and the livability and decreased lesions caused by coccidiosis in supplemented birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.614-621
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• 2010

Increasing accuracy of broiler diet formulation based on amino acid digestibility in comparison to application of total amino acids could lead to more feed efficiency and productivity. This experiment was conducted for determination of sampling site (excreta and ileum) and recognition of the effects of a commercial enzyme ($Grind^{(R)}$ Danisco, Finland) on metabolizable energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of barley. This study was modulated by a marker in 21-day old Arbor Acres chickens. Corn-soybean meal was used as a control diet and, in the other two treatments, barley (at a level of 40%) with and without enzyme as the test ingredient were supplemented to the basal diet. Chromic oxide was included in all diets (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), corrected by nitrogen (AMEn) and apparent digestibility of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine and methionine were significantly (p<0.05) higher in feces than ileum. Protein digestibility of diet and barley was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ileum than in feces. Apparent digestibility of tryptophan, proline, methionine, phenylalanine and lysine was increased significantly (p<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. In contrast, no response was observed in AME, AMEn, and protein digestibility of the diet and barley by enzyme supplementation. The results of this study have shown that AME and amino acid digestibility were increased in feces, in contrast an adverse effect was observed for protein digestibility of the diet and barley.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2020

선근상피종은 관상피세포와 근상피세포의 이상성 증식을 특징으로 하는 유방의 매우 드문 질환이다. 대부분의 선근상피종은 양성이나 관상피세포 또는 근상피세포에서, 혹은 둘 모두에서 악성 변형을 보일 수 있다. 본 증례 보고는 선근피상종 내부에 발생한 근상피암으로 절제술 시행 1달 후에 빠르게 발생한 국소 재발에 관한 것이다. 초음파 검사와 자기공명검사에서 수술 후 생긴 혈종의 표재성 부분에 여러 개의 작은 재발 병소들이 관찰되었다. 본 증례 보고는 악성 선근상피종에서 수술 절제 면이 정상 조직과 가깝거나 높은 유사분열활성을 보이는 경우는 국소 재발의 가능성을 고려하여 수술 직후 유방영상검사 시행을 제안하고자 한다.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) can lead to severe complications if left untreated, and therefore should be adequately diagnosed and treated, especially in airline workers. The aviation medical examiner (AME) should induce the patient to cooperate for the diagnosis and treatment of OSAS, by notifying the subject that it does not cause disqualification of the air service and that it is a disease that can be sufficiently controlled and treated by various treatment options. AME should also warn about medical complications and the possibility of serious air accident risks when untreated, and encourage the subject to receive appropriate diagnosis and steady treatment such as continuous positive airway pressure and/or surgical treatment.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2014

In this paper, the wakes behind a square cylinder were simulated using two kinds of different turbulence models for the eddy viscosity concept such as the zero- and the one-equation model in which the former is the mixing length model and the latter is the k-equation model. For comparison between numerical and analytical solutions, we employed three skill assessments: the correlation coefficient(r) for the similarity of the wake shape, the error of maximum velocity difference(EMVD) for the accuracy of wake velocity and the ratio of drag coefficient(RDC) for the pressure distribution around the structure. On the basis of the numerical results, the feasibility of each model for wake simulation was discussed and a suitable value for the empirical constant was suggested in these turbulence models. The zero-equation model, known as the simplest turbulence model, overestimated the EMVD and its absolute mean error(AME) for r, EMVD and RDC was ranging from 20.3 % to 56.3 % for all test. But the AME by the one-equation model was ranging from 3.4 % to 19.9 %. The predicted values of the one-equation model substantially agreed with the analytical solutions at the empirical mixing length scale $L=0.6b_{1/2}$ with the AME of 3.4 %. Therefore it was concluded that the one-equation model was suitable for the wake simulation behind a square cylinder when the empirical constant for eddy viscosity would be properly chosen.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

민꽃게를 시료로 하여 바람직한 갑각류 향기성분의 전구물질부가 되는 character impact compounds의 검색 및 게 자숙향기의 발현에 대하여 검토하였다. Methanol이 냄새성분의 전구물질 추출에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 추출횟수는 3회 정도로 완전추출이 가능했으며, 이때 methanol의 농도는 $80\%$일 때가 냄새의 강도가 가장 강한 것으로 나타났다. 시료 게의 냄새성분의 전구물질부를 구명하기 위해 투석 및 이온 교환수지 방법 등을 이용해 냄새성분 전구물질부를 분획하고 관능검사한 결과, 게 자숙취의 전구물질은 수용성이고 투석성의 저분자 성분으로, 산성 및 양성성분의 물질을 주체로 하여 여러 가지 성분이 동시에 가열될 때 발생하는 것이라고 생각되었다 게육 특유의 자숙취를 발현시킬 목적으로, 민꽃게 육의 $80\%$ methanol 추출성분의 조성에 근거한 합성 게육 엑스분의 조제하여 100$^{\circ}C$C에서 30분간 열처리하여 발생하는 냄새를 천연 게육의 자숙취와 비교하여 볼 때, 냄새의 조화성 면에서는 다소 떨어지나 양시료 사이에는 거의 차이가 없었다. 한편, 천연 및 합성 게육의 자숙취를 GC로 분석하여 chromatogram의 pattern을 비교한 결과 저·중비점 물질의 경우 양자가 서로 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 게 자숙취의 발현에는 염기성아미노산을 비롯한 아미노산류의 역할이 컸으며, ribose와 염기성아미노산 간에 일어나는 Maillard 반응에 의해 생성되는 휘발성화합물, 그리고 4급 암모니움염기가 민꽃게 자숙취의 주요 요소가 될 것으로 추정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of various levels of full-fat sunflower seeds (FFSS) on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. In the first experiment, FFSS was included in a basal diet at 70, 140, and 210 g/kg and the $AME_n$ values of the experimental diets were determined. The linear regression equation of $AME_n$ values on rate of inclusion was calculated. Extrapolation value for the $AME_n$ of FFSS at 100% inclusion was 14.22 MJ/kg. In the second experiment, diets containing various levels (0, 70, 140, and 210 g/kg) of FFSS were given to broilers (Ross strain) from 0 to 49 d. At 28 days of age, blood parameters and digestive enzyme activities were determined and carcass parameters were evaluated at 49 days of age. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) when broilers were fed various levels of FFSS in the starter and finisher diets. Breast, thigh, gastrointestinal tract and gizzard weight percentages were not affected by dietary treatments; however, liver weight percentage was decreased significantly (p<0.05) and weight of abdominal fat decreased but this effect was not significant. The activities of digestive enzyme (protease and ${\alpha}$-amylase) were not influenced by the treatments. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, triglyceride, protein, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were not affected by incorporation of FFSS in the broiler diet. Although concentration of HDL increased and LDL decreased, these effects were not significant. The results of this study indicate that FFSS can be used at up to 21% in broiler diets without adverse effects on performance or other parameters of chickens.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 움직임 추정 기법을 적응적으로 사용하는 프레임율 증강 기법인 AME-FRUC (Adaptive Motion Estimation Frame Rate Up-Conversion)을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 영상의 움직임이 적은 영역에서 기존의 EBME (Extended Bilateral Motion Estimation)을 활용하고, 움직임 벡터 정보를 활용하여 관심영역을 결정한다. 관심 영역에서는 제안하는 텍스쳐 정보에 기반한 블록 분할을 활용한 단방향 움직임 추정을 수행하도록 하여 정확도를 높였다. 최종적으로 MCFI (Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation)기법을 움직임 추정 방법에 따라 적용하고 보간 하여 중간 프레임을 생성 한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존의 FRUC 알고리즘에 비해 최대 68% 적은 SAD 연산으로 3dB 높은 PSNR 성능과 0.07 더 높은 SSIM 성능을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1761-1768
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• 2005

Effects of alpha-galactosidase (GAL) on broiler corn-soybean meal diet was investigated. In experiment 1, sixty cockerels were allocated to five groups, including three enzyme treatments (GAL added at 0, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg diet), a nitrogen-free diet group and a fast group. The true nitrogen-corrected ME (TME$_n$) and true amino acid availability were determined. In experiment 2, 324 day-old chicks were used in a 2${\times}$3 factorial design consisting of two energy contents (high and low) and three GAL levels (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Three feeding phases, comprising 0-21 d, 22-35 d and 36-48 d, were involved. GAL addition improved TME$_n$ and the availability of methionine and cystine (p<0.05). The apparent ME (AME) or nitrogen-corrected AME (AME$_n$) and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, calcium, and phosphorus were improved significantly on d 21, so was crude protein and an interaction of energy and GAL on AME$_n$ (p<0.05) was found on d 35. However, daily intake and daily gain were significantly improved with GAL addition (p<0.05) during 21 d. The small intestine relative weight decreased at 250 mg/kg GAL (p<0.05) on d 35, whereas presented an interaction between GAL and energy on d 21 (p<0.05). Likewise, this treatment increased breast muscle ratio (p<0.05). On d 21, triglycerides level of broilers showed interaction between energy and enzyme levels (p<0.05). Uric acid level in 500 mg/kg GAL declined linearly (p<0.05). On d 35, quadratic effects (p<0.05) were observed in total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol content for enzyme supplementation. And the interactive effects of energy and GAL on serum values showed more obviously. The study implies that GAL improved energy and nutrient availability of corn-soybean meal diet in broiler. The GAL supplementation to corn-soybean meal based diet can improve performance of broilers in early stages of growth.