• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2009

This study was to investigate pregnancy rate of IVM/IVF/IVC Korean cattle (registered in government) embryos according to transport time course. For the production of embryos, oocytes recovered from slaughtered excellent grade cow and highly motile frozen-thawed bull semen (purchased from LIMC, KPN#497) was used. In vitro produced embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium for 8 days and some of them were frozen. The rate of average cleavage (>2-cell) was 83.0% (308/371) and blastocyst rate at day 8 was 34.7% (107/308). Among in vitro produced blastocyst embryos at day 8, most healthy embryos were freshly transferred on production day and some frozen embryos were direct transferred on appropriate day. These embryos were produced in a laboratory, embryo transfer (ET) was planned in 10 areas of the remote island (Jeju) from the laboratory by airplane. Thus, we examined the pregnancy rate in recipient cow according to embryo of transport time course before ET. From embryo transferred 44 recipient cows, overall pregnancy was 40.9% (18/44), these 18 cows were all calved [single, 94% (17/18); twin, 6% (1/18)] and total embryo implantation rate was 26% (19/66). Comparing transport time in the base of 6 hr, pregnancy rate in ET group required less 4 hr (60%, 9/15) was significantly higher than that required more 6 hr (26.3%, 5/19). In direct ET of freezing embryos, the pregnancy rate was 40% (4/10). However, it was difficult to find the meaning of temperature, pH and corpus luteum quality of recipients on comparison of pregnancy rate. When the cell death level of embryos according to storage time in thermos (straw container) before ET was measured by TUNEL staining, apoptotic index was increased with storage time-dependent. These results demonstrated that long distance transfer of IVM/IVF/IVC embryos is possible and the time of embryo transport is very important for the pregnancy rate on field trial.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1995

Several factors affecting on transformation efficiency were studied to establish a Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated system for the transformation of Populus species, and We could obtaine tansgenic plantlets expressing the introduced gene. Leaf sections were more sensitive than stem sections to kanamycin and thought to be better material for transformant screening. The bacterial density did not affect on the efficiency of transformation over the range of $4{\times}10^5{\sim}7{\times}10^9\;cfu$. The optimum period for co-cultivation was one day or shorter. Both of the optimum concentrations of cefotaxime and ampicillin in the medium were $250\;{\mu}g/ml$ for elimination of bacteria from the inoculated leaf sections. The addition of acetosyringone in the bacterial culture medium increased transformation rate, and the highest rate was obtained at $50\;{\mu}M$ of acetosyringone. The transformed galls could be selectively induced and gown on the growth regulator-free medium or on the medium containing $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ or higher contrition of kanamycin. The roots were induced from the galls incited by A. rhizogenes within 3 weeks on the growth regulator-free medium as well as on the medium containing growth regulators. The plantlets were regenerated from the galls cultured for 6 weeks on the medium containing 0.05 mg/ml of NAA and 0.5 mg/ml of BA. The expressions of the introduced opine gene in the transformed galls and plantlets were confirmed by the analysis of agropine and mannopine.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 1995

Escherichia Coli ornithine transcarbamylase is the enzyme which catalyzes the L-citrulline biosynthesis from L-ornithine and carbamyl phosphate. To facilitate the purification of enzyme which will be used for many biochemical studies such as structure and function relationships and catalytic mechanisms, the cloning and expression of E. coli argI gene for ornithine transcarbamylase was conducted. argI was amplified from genomic DNA of E. coli strain of $DH5{\alpha}$, by polymerization chain reaction (PCR) method. The amplified argI gene was ligated to the prokaryotic expression vector pKK223-3 and used for transformation of E. coli TB2 which was deficient of ornithine transcarbamylase. The over-produced enzyme by the tnansformant was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat denaturation and affinity chromatography. The result of SDS denaturation gel electrophoresis for the purified enzyme showed a single band of about 38 kDa of ornithine transcarbamylase. Kinetic data for the expressed enzyme gave almost the s?????? values as those of the wild type enzyme. The $k_{cat}$, of the enzyme was $1.0{\times}10^5min^{-1}$, and $K_ms$ for ornithine and carbamyl phosphate were 0.35 mM and 0.06 mM, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.245-248
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• 2014

Trafficking of viral glycoproteins to the cell surface results in syncytium formation in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). An extract from the medicinal Areca catechu L plant inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of the hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) glycoprotein to the cell-surface. The viral glycoprotein was processed within the endoplasmic reticulum during transit to the cell membrane. Fungal extracts showed inhibitory activities ($IC_{50}10{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. These results suggested that A. catechu L. extracts inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-HN glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2001

Recently, petroleum spray oil(PSO) has been used to control key pests in integrated pest management (IPM) of citrus and other orchards in Australia and USA. In order to clarify the influences of a newly developed PSO (D-C Tron $Plus^{(R)}$) on citrus leaves, 0.33% or 1.0% of PSO were sprayed to potted 4-year-old citrus trees under some kinds of condition, and then the changes of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv/Fm) were determined. When sprayed with 1.0% PSO, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of citrus leaves were decreased by 20%, and then recovered in 20 days after treatment (DAT), while there were little influences by the spray of 0.33% PSO. The value of Fv/Fm decreased more under the $34/24^{\circ}C$ temperature condition than that of under the $30/20^{\circ}C$ and $28/16^{\circ}C$ condition. The high temperature ($50^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours)-treated trees sprayed with PSO 1.0% or PSO 1.0% plus dithianon 1/2000 dilution showed not only the increase of rate in dropped leaf but also the reduced photosynthesis and Fv/Fm compared with $30/20^{\circ}C$ temperature-treated ones. From the results of this study, the spray of 1.0% PSO can inhibit the physiological activities in citrus leaf, particularly under high temperature condition after spray or the mixing-spray with a fungicide (dithianon WP, 75%).

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual wee-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2000 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

Pure voice characteristics of sow were analyzed to predict parturition time. These were analyzed by using oscilloscope and Sound Forge and the results showed that the voice frequency and amplitude of sow were in the range of 30~2,500Hz and -35~-75dB. According to the sound analysis results, the frequencies of sound appearance from farrowing sow in the farrowing pen for three days prior to delivery day and eight hours of prior to time were around 85% and 46%, respectively of the total appearance during eight days to delivery. Forecasting of delivery time of farrowing sow using the number of sound occurrences showed a promising result such that those have been increased whenever the delivery time was approached. The forecasting success rates were 100% for both of one day and six hours prior to the actual delivery.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1990

Using Zung's self-rating depression scale, the authors studied depression in 310 elderlies residing in the 9 home for the aged (HFA) in Kyungbuk area, and 234 elderlies living in Taegu city and 107 elderlies attending a Life-long education program in Taegu, which serve as a control group, Community resident elderlies(CRE). The research had been administered during the period from June to August, 1986. The results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of male. female. and the total of the elderlies in HFA were $38.95{\pm}11.55$, $44.18{\pm}14.15$:: and $42.8{\pm}13.7$ respectively while CRE marked $40.8{\pm}11.3$ for male, $45.2{\pm}12.0$ for female, and $43.4{\pm}11.9$ for the total. Therefore there were significant differences between male and female in both groups(p<0.01, p<0.001), though no significant difference between the two groups. However, the depression score of elderlies in HFA might be much higher than that of CRE if 81 elderlies(14.2%) in HFA who had been left out of the statistical evaluation due to their having severe depression, organic brain syndrom, or pseudoementia, etc had been included. 2. The score distribution by items for the elderlies in HFA were from highest scores hopelessness, worthlessness, emptiness, decreased appetite, confusion, while for CRE, hopelessness, decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and worthlessness. Elderlies in HFA showed significantly high scores in depressed mood, weight loss, suicidal rumination(ideation) and psychomotor excitement, while CRE showed significantly high scores in decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and dissatisfaction. 3. Elderlies who scored over 50 numbered 10 males(16%), 57 females(34%), and total of 67(29%) in HFA and 28 males(21%), 77 females(37%), and total of 105(31%) in CRE : female showed higher seores in both groups. 4. Psychosocial factors such as getting older(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), being Buddhist(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), and monthly pocket money less than \30,000(respectively p<0.001, p<0.001) were found to have a noticable impact on the depression level of the elderlies in both groups. Factors such as illiteracy (p<0.001, monthly pocket money less than \10,000(p<0.05), and having no family(p<0.01) recorded significantly higher scores among CRE than the elderlies in HFA.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-80
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• 1984

The aim of this paper is to study the classification and arrangement system, the original texts, and the bibliographic deseription of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock. The results of this study can be summarized as followings; 1. The first carving of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock was assumed to be completed at latest by 1087 (King Sun-Jong 4, Koryo) when the first carving of Dae-Jang-Kyong, the complete collection of Buddhist Sutra, mas finished. Henee, Dae-Jang-Mock-Lack is safely said to be the oldest catalog in Korea. 2. The major function of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock mas to facilitate the job of printing, managing, or arranging the Sutra tablets, rather than to serve as its references. 3. Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock mas classified in accordance with the classification sys tern of Gae-Woon-Suck-Kyo-Lock, a chinese Buddhist catalog. This system classified the complete collection of Buddhist Sutra into the three categories of "Mah$\={a}$y$\={a}$na Tripitaka", "Hinayan$\={a}$ Tripitaha", and "collected Biographies of Samgha", at the first gradation. And then the Mah$\={a}$yan$\={a}$ Tripitaka mas divided into the three categories of "Mah$\={a}$y$\={a}$na Sutra", "Mah$\={a}$y$\={a}$na Uparaksa", and "Mah$\={a}$y$\={a}$na Upadesa", at the second gradation. In the same manner the "Hinayan$\={a}$ Tripitaka was divided into "Hinayan$\={a}$ Sutra", "Hinayan$\={a}$ Uparaksa", and "Hinayan$\={a}$ Upadesa". The "Collected Biographies of Samgha" was divided into Brahman Samgha and Chinese Samgha. For this reason we Can name this main classification system as a Tripitaka Classification. 4. The first carving tablets of the Buddhist Sutra from Choen Shelf (天函) to Young Shelf (英函) were the same Sutra that were included in Gae-Woen-Suck-Kyo-Lock (開元釋敎錄), except those 4 omitted sutras of 22 volumes. But the other 7 sutras of 24 volumes were included as an extra addition in "Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock." 5. The 40 shelves and 376 volumes of Buddhist Sutra from the Doo Shelf (杜函) to the Kyong Shelf (輕函) in Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock were copied from the texts of Guran Edition (契丹本) 6. The 36 shelves of Buddhist Sutras from the Bun shelf (磻函) to the Mil shelf (密函) in Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock were the same as those included in Sock-Jung-Woen-Suck-Kyo-Lock (續貞元釋敎錄), except the 3 omitted sutras.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.4 s.25
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• pp.411-423
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• 2004

In Korea, Eureka-147 DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) temporarily decided as the standard system for digital audio broadcasting was evolved into DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) to complement the technical vulnerability in mobile reception of terrestrial DTV. According to introducing video service in T-DMB (Terrestrial DMB), 'Terrestrial DMB Experimental Broadcasting for Video Service', a national project of the MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication), was done for verifying the possibility of video service via T-DMB. The main objective of the project is computing the effective field strength and coverage for making a plan to build T-DMB broadcasting network and developing transmitting and receiving equipment. In case of digital broadcasting, it is absolutely essential to measure BER (Bit Error Rate) and electric field strength in order to evaluate coverage and quality of received signal. In this paper, we implement an integrated mobile measurement system for T-DMB. For this purpose, we propose efficient data structure and algorithm for BER measurement. By adding GPS (Global Positioning System) and electric field strength measurement parts into BER measurement part, we complete the integrated mobile measurement system, and then verify it by experiments and field tests. The developed system was used in a national project, 'Terrestrial DMB Experimental Broadcasting for Video Service' and measurement results will be used as fundamental data for building T-DMB broadcasting network.