• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.694-698
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• 1988

Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-Pb(Co, Nb)O3 systems were investigated by x-ray diffraction method. System contains rhombohedral, tetragonal, and pseudocubic structures at room temperature. Crystal symmetry was changed from 4-fold symmetry to 3-fold symmetry by substituting Pb(Co1/3, Nb2/3)O3 ; PCN, to Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3 ; PZT. As the substituted PCN concentration was increased, an increase in a-axis direction and a decrease in c-axis in the perovskite structure were occurred simultaneously, so that the crystal symmetry was changed into such way. In the higher sinteringtemperatures, the unit cell distortions occurred rather in the lower substitution range of PCN. The ferroelectric properties were maximized at the region that tetragonal and rhombohedral or pseudocubic structures were coexist.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2004

In order to understand alloying effects on the corrosion resistance of Ti-(10$\sim$20)%Zr-(2$\sim$8%)Nb-0.2%Pd alloys, Polarization curves were measured at 5%HCI solution. The results were interpreted in terms of two parameters obtained by the molecular orbital calculation ; one is the bond order($B_{\circ}$) and the other is the metal d-orbital level($M_{d}$). $B_{\circ}$ is a measure of the strength of covalent bonds between titanium and alloying elements. $M_{d}$ is correlative with the electronegativity of elements. It was found that increasing of Zr and Nb with higher $B_{\circ}$ values showed a lower critical anodic current density in the polarization curve and hence higher corrosion resistance. On the other hand, increasing of Zr and Nb with higher $M_{d}$ values showed a higher corrosion resistance.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.652-659
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• 1996

Sintering characteristics and electrical properties of xPb(Mg$_{1}$8/Te$_{1}$8/Mn$_{1}$4/Nb$_{1}$2/) $O_{3}$-(1-x) Pb (Zr$_{1}$2/ $Ti_{1}$2/) $O_{3}$ (x=0.075, 0.1, 0.125) ceramics are investigated. A sintering temperature of ceramics could be reduced to 950.deg. C by a reaction between PbO and B site compound material. The physical properties of 0.1Pb(Mg, Te, Mn, Nb) $O_{3}$ - 0.9Pb(Zr, Ti) $O_{3}$ bulk ceramic with 3wt% glass frit(0.857PbO-0.143W $O_{3}$) were following : den = 7.95 g/cm$^{3}$, T$_{c}$=340.deg. C, .epsilon.$_{33}$= 754, k$_{31}$=0.3 and Q.=1780. The 3-layer piezoelectric transformer by using a tape casting method showed a good monolithic structure, and its voltage setup ratio was 2.5 times higher than that of a single device by using bulk ceramics.s.s.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.772-780
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• 1997

Zr-Nb-Sn 의 3원계 합금에서 Sn 함량 변화가 부식에 미치는 영향과 석출물 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 신합금 개발을 위한 Sn의 최적 함유량을 도출하고자 Zr-0.4Nb-xSn(x=0.4,0.8, 1.2, 1.6)계의 4종 합금을 제조하여 여러 가지 특성시험을 실시하였다. 부식특성은 42$0^{\circ}C$ steam(1500psi)조건의 autoclave를 이용하여 시험하였으며 부식과정에서 발생하는 무게증가량을 측정하였고 산화막 특성은 X-ray를 이용하여 조사하였다. 부식관점에서 Sn량이 적을수록 내식성은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 즉, 0.4Sn합금에서 가장 낮은 무게증가량과 1.6Sn 합금에서 가장 높은 무게 증가량을 보였다. 그러나 수소흡수성면에서는 Sn량이 많을수록 수소흡수율이 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 산화막내에서 tetra-ZrO$_{2}$량은 Sn량이 많을수록 적게 나타나는데, 이같은 결과로부터 Sn량이 많을수록 tetra-ZuO$_{2}$에서 mono-ZrO$_{2}$로의 상변태가 가속되어 Sn이 많이 함유된 합금에서 부식 저항성은 저하된다고 사료된다. Sn량이 증가함에 따라 강도는 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Sn량 변화에 따른 석출물의 특성을 조사한 결과, Zr-0.4Nb-xSn계 합금에서는 Sn이 석출물 형성에 거의 영향을 미치지 않으며, 또한 석출물 크기도 내식성에 커다란 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2024

In modern times, when a change in the energy paradigm is required, hydrogen is an attractive energy source. Among these hydrogen purification technologies, technology using a membrane is attracted attention as a technology that can purify high purity hydrogen at low cost. However, palladium(Pd), which is mostly used because of its excellent hydrogen separation performance, is very expensive, so a replacement material is needed. In this study, a alloy membrane was manufactured from an alloy of niobium (Nb), which has high hydrogen permeability but is weak to hydrogen embrittlement, and nickel (Ni) and zirconium (Zr), which have low hydrogen permeability but are highly durable. Hydrogen permeation characteristics were confirmed under conditions of 350~450 ℃ at 1 to 4 bar. The maximum hydrogen permeation flux was 0.69 ml/cm²/min for the Ni₄₈Nb₃₂Zr₂₀ alloy membrane without Pd coating, and 13.05 ml/cm²/min for the Pd coated alloy membrane.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.505-510
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• 2008

The correlation between the tensile strength and corrosion behavior of Zr-1.0wt%Nb alloy heat treated at $480^{\circ}C$ for up to 32 hours was evaluated. The tensile strength at $400^{\circ}C$ was continuously reduced with an increasing heat treatment time, mainly due to a grain growth and a decreased area fraction of the precipitates. However, the corrosion resistance in an aqueous ammonia solution at $360^{\circ}C$ was enhanced, mainly due to the formation of $\beta$-Nb precipitates. It is thus concluded that a longer heat treatment time provides a better corrosion resistance while degrading the tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.936-941
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• 2001

The influence of the ${Al_2}{O_3}$ particle size on flaw tolerance of the $ZrO_2/{Al_2}{O_3}$ composites prepared by mixing 5.31 mol% ${Y_2}{O_3}$-4.45 mol% ${Nb_2}{O_5}$-90.31 mol% $ZrO_2$ and ${Al_2}{O_3}$ was investigated. The composites exhibited rising R-curve behavior and plateau fracture toughness of 7.9 and $8.8MPam^{1/2}$ for the additions of 20 vol% of 0.2 and $2.8{\mu}m$ ${Al_2}{O_3}$ particles, respectively. The difference in the fracture toughness resistance was attributed mainly to the grain size of tetragonal $ZrO_2$ phase in the composites, which scaled with the ${Al_2}{O_3}$ particle size.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.141-141
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2000