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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: ZnS:Cu,Al

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Fabrication of CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell by Non-Vacuum Nanoparticle Deposition Technique (비진공 나노입자 코팅법을 이용한 CIGS 박막 태양전지 제조)

  • Ahn, Se-Jin;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Yoon, Kyung-Hoon
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.222-224
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    • 2006
  • A non-vacuum process for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells from nanoparticle precursors was described in this work CIGS nanoparticle precursors was prepared by a low temperature colloidal route by reacting the starting materials (CuI,InI3,GaI3andNa2Se) in organic solvents, by which fine CIGS nanoparticles of about 20nm in diameter were obtained. The nanoparticle precursors were mixed with organic binder material for the rheology of the mixture to be adjusted for the doctor blade method. After depositing the mixture of CIGS with binder on Mo/glass substrate, the samples were preheated on the hot plate in air to evaporate remaining solvents ud to burn the organic binder material. Subsequently, the resultant (porous) CIGS/Mo/glass simple was selenized in a two-zone Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) furnace in order to get a solar ceil applicable dense CIGS absorber layer. Complete solar cell structure was obtained by depositing. The other layers including CdS buffer layer, ZnO window layer and Al electrodes by conventional methods. The resultant solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of 0.5%.

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Matrix effect on the Determination of Inorganic Priority Pollutants in Sludges (오니 시료중의 무기 Priority Pollutants의 분석 과정에 미치는 매질의 영향)

  • Lee, Huk-Hee;Lee, Sueg-Geun
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 1998
  • The three analysis methods, EPA method 3050, the method offered by Ministry of Environment in Korea, and modified method corrected in this laboratory, were studied to investigate the effect of matrix on the analysis of inorganic priority pollutants. 7 inorganic priority pollutants(Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg) were spiked to the plating, leather, paper, electric, and dye sludges. Mean recovery of the elements except Hg was 95.5% when the procedure of EPA method was applied. However, recovery by the two other extraction methods showed 11.1% and 27.7%, respectively. Digestions were done by MDS (microwave digestion system) and HNO3+HClO4 methods. To study organic and inorganic matrix effect, samples were made by adding triethanol amine as a organic matrix and FeCl36H2O+AlCl36H2O as a inorganic matrix, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by AAS and HG-AAS. Mean recovery of the elements by the HNO3+HClO4 procedure, except Hg, gave better result than that of the MDS method. Mean recovery of elements was decreased when organic and inorganic matrices were added in the sludge samples. The procedure of MDS and HNO3+HClO4 digestion gave higher recoveries than that of direct analysis. In general, the results of the studies showed a significant matrix effect on the inorganic priority pollutants analysis in sludges.

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On the Harzadous Components of Paper Mill Sludge and Sludge Treated Soil (제지(製紙)슬러지와 슬러지 시용토양중(施用土壤中)의 유해성분(有害性分)에 관하여)

  • Lee, Kyu Seung;Choi, Jong Woo;Jo, Jeong Rye;Kim, Moon Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.194-200
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    • 1992
  • In order to use organic resource like a compost 44 samples of paper mill sludge were collected from each paper manufacturer. Some metal and PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls) contents in/on sludge were investigated and metal contents of soil treated with kraft and paper board sludge were checked in contrast io the non-treated soil. The staple results were the same as followings. 1. Average contents of Pb in sludge ranged 14.5-25.7 ppm, and Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn were similar concentration to unpolluted soil. Also, Cr and Hg were not detected from any sludge sample. 2. PCBs contents in sludge of kraft, paper board and news print paper were determined. Less than 10 ppb of PCBs contents were detected from kraft and paper board sludges, but a little more was found in sludge of news print paper. 3. Some metal contents in sludge treated soil were much similar to non-treated soil and the concentration also were ranged under the average of unpolluted natural soil. 4. From these results paper mill sludge seemed to be no harmful effects to soil.

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Characterization of Acid Phosphatase from Carrots (당근 Acid Phosphatase의 특성)

  • Kim, Gi-Nahm
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.490-495
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    • 1994
  • Acid phosphatase (EC3.1.3.2) from carrots was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (30%-80%), Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, cm-Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE -Sephacel ion exchange chromatography. The optimum ph and temperature of acid phosphatase from carrots were pH 5.5 and 55C, respectively. The enzyme was most stable at ph 6.0 and relatively unstable below pH 4.0 . The activation energy of the enayme was determined to be 10.6kcal/mole. The enzyme utilized p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate among tested possible substrates, whereas it hydrolyzed 5' -IMP and 5'-GMP poorly. The Michaelis -Menten constant(Km) of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate was identified as 0.55mM. Amongtested metal ions and inhibitors, Al+++ Zn++, Cu++ , fluoride, metavanadate and molybdate ions inhibited the enzyme activity drastically.

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Biochemical studies on Hair(II) Circular Paper Chromatographic Method for Estimation of Trace Elements (모발에 대한 연구 (제2보) Circlular Paper Chromatography 법에 의한 Trace Elements의 정량법에 대하여)

  • Lee, Hae-Bin;Oh, Sung-Yea;Haw, Kum
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.8-11
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    • 1959
  • The method for the estimation of trace elements in hair is studied on this paper modifying the circular paper chromatography method shown by Giri and Balakrishnan for the estimation of vitamins from the multivitamin preparation. The elements studied are Ni, Al, Mn, Mg, Zn, Ca, Co, Cu, and Fe. The content of the element is estimated quantitatively by comparison the size and the color density of spots of the standard chromatogram prepared by the known amount of each standard substance and the chromatogram prepared from sample solution, after checking those chromatogram qualitatively. The comparative study has been made between the results from this method and the results from the other methods which are applying routinely at this laboratories. The experimental errors at each elements were within 10% limits. There was no interference between each elements. It is recommendable that this method can be applied to treat numerous speciemens saving times within experimental error of 10%.

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Activity and stability of purified amylase produced by streptomyces aureofaciens 77

  • Ibrahim, A.N.;Ahmed, F.H.;Ibrahim, M.M.K.;Arafa, M.A.I.
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 1990
  • The effects of pH values, temperature and some elements on the amylolytic activity and stability of the purified S. aureofacienc 77 amylase were studied in this investigation. The purified enzyme showed its maximum activity at pH 6 within 8 min incubation at 40C. None of the tested 6 metals showed on stimulatory effect on the enzymatic activity, Fe+++, Cu++ and Hg++ at high dose inhibited the enzyme activity to great extent as compared with Zn++, Mn++ and Fe++ whih gave less effect in this respect. The enzyme liquor was found to be thermolabile, since it lost completely its activity after 4 days incubation under room temperature and showed maximum activity during this period as a result of additions of Ca++and NaCl, Gradual reduction was however recorded until activity reached 30% after 60 days of incubation.

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Development of Conductivity Standards for Metals using the van der Pauw Method (van der Pauw method를 이용한 금속도전율 표준시편 개발)

  • Kang, Jeon-Hong;Yu, Kwang-Min;Lee, Sang-Hwa
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.62 no.11
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    • pp.1617-1620
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    • 2013
  • The widely-used measurement methods for conductivity of non-magnetic metals are van der Pauw method, Two Point Probe method and Eddy Current method. Among them a more simpler and easier method is the Eddy Current method and an instrument using the method is a Conductivity Meter which can measure a conductivity by contacting its probe on a sample surface. However, conductivity standards are essentially needed to confirm the meter's performance or to calibrate it. In this study, six kinds of the standards which are made of Cu, Al-1, Al-2, brass, Zn and SUS-316 are developed and conductivity ranges for the standards are 2.27 %IACS ~ 101.6 %IACS with measurement uncertainty of less than 0.3 %.

Transition Metal Complexes Derived From 2-hydroxy-4-(p-tolyldiazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities

  • Alhakimi, Ahmed N.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;Saeed, S. El-Sayed;Shakdofa, Adel M.E.;Al-Fakeh, Maged S.;Abdu, Ashwaq M.;Alhagri, Ibrahim A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.65 no.2
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    • pp.93-105
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    • 2021
  • Mononuclear Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), Ru(III), and UO2(II) complexes of 2-hydroxy-4-(p-tolyldiazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide (H2L) were prepared by direct method. The ligand and its complexes were isolated in solid state and characterized by analytical techniques such as elemental and thermal analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The spectral data indicated that the ligand acted as neutral/monobasic bidentate or monobasic/dibasic tridentate ligand bonded to the metal ions through the oxygen atom of ketonic or enolic carbonyl group, azomethine nitrogen atom and deprotonated/protonated phenolic oxygen atom forming either tetragonally distorted octahedral or octahedral. Antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complexes were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger by well diffusion method. The results of antifungal activity showed that the Fe(III) complex (10) exhibited higher antifungal against Aspergillus niger than the other complexes. However, the results of antibacterial activity revealed that Cu(II) complex (4) is the most active against Escherichia coli while the Cu(II) complex (5) and Fe(III) complex (10) exhibited higher antibacterial effect on Bacillus subtilis than the other complexes.

Characteristics of Stream and Soil Contamination from the Tailing Disposal and Waste Rocks at the Abandoned Uljin Mine (울진 폐광산의 매립광미와 폐광석에 의한 주변 토양 및 수계의 오염특성)

  • Lee, In-Gyeong;Choi, Sang-Hoon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.63-79
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    • 2008
  • Physicochemical characteristics of stream water, leachate, mine water and groundwater were investigated to estimate the influences of the tailing and waste rock from the abandoned Uljin mine area. Total extraction analysis and mineralogical studies were carried out to understand sulfide weathering and to determine the distributions of trace elements in the soil affected by mine waste (tailing, waste rock and leachate). The pH and EC value of the leachate from the tailing disposal ranged 2.9-6.0, 993,990μS/cm, respectively, and the concentrations of dissolved major (up to 492 mg/l Ca; 83.8 mg/l Mg; 45.2 mg/l Na; 44.7 mg/l K, 50.8 mg/l Si) and trace elements (up to 826,060μg/l Fe; 131,230μg/l Mn; 333,600μg/l Al; 61,340μg/l Zn; 2,530μg/l Cu; 573μg/l Cd; 476μg/l Pb) were relatively high. The stream water showed the variation of dissolved metal concentrations in seasonally and spatially. The dissolved metal contents of the stream water increased by influx the leachate from the tailing disposal, but these of the down stream have been considerably decreased by mixing of dilute tributaries. The dissolved metal concentrations of the stream water at dry season (as February) were lower than these at rainy season (as May and July). These represent that the amounts of the leachate varied with season. However, stream water could not be effectively diluted by confluence with uncontaminated tributaries, because the flux of tributaries and streams reduced at dry season. Thus attenuations by dilution had been dominantly happened in rainy seasons. The order of accumulations of trace element in soils compared with background values revealed Mn>Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn. Sulfide minerals were mainly pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena and chalcopyrite. Pyrrhotite was rapidly weathered along the edge and fractures, and results in the formation of Fe-(oxy)hydroxides, which absorbed a little amount of Zn.

Heavy Metal Contamination and Spatial Differences in Redox Condition of the Artificial Shihwa lake, Korea (시화호의 중금속 오염과 산화-환원 상태의 공간적 차이)

  • Hyeon, Sang-Min;Kim, Eun-Su;Paeng, U-Hyeon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.479-488
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    • 2004
  • Five sediment cores from the tidal flat of artificial Lake Shihwa are analyzed in terms of sedimentology and geochemistry to evaluate the heavy metal contamination and redox condition of surficial sediment following the Shihwa seawall construction. The variability of concentrations of various elements depends on the depositional environment, and reflects the various redox conditions and sediment provenances. The amounts of Ti and Al and their ratio of Ti/ Al with respect to Li clearly indicate that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the surficial sediment. The high concentrations of heavy metals suggest an anthropogenic contribution at ST. 34 and ST. 22. Concentrations of most elements (Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) are higher near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex than in the central part of Lake Shihwa. Concentrations of heavy metal in surficial sediment near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex are two to eight times higher than in the center of Lake Shihwa. Enrichment factors (EF), which are normalized by the unpolluted shale, suggests a significant metallic contamination near the Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex (SBIC). The redox condition is divided into two anoxic and mixed oxi $c_oxic zones based on the carbon:sulfur (C/S) ratios of organic matter and elemental relationships. Correlations among geochemical elements Mn, U and Mo are significantly different from site to site, and may therefore be an indicator of the spatial redox condition. Controlling factors for switching anoxic/oxic conditions are thought to be water depth and the differences in industrial effluent supply. The variations of the Cu/Mn ratio in the sediments confirms above mentioned spatial differences of a redox condition in part, and therefore shows a location-dependence redox condition in sediments at four other sites. The redox condition of the surficial sediment characteristics of the Shihwa Lake are controlled by its geographic location and water depth.th.