• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 1995

To improve photosensisitizing efficiency of ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)_x$ system, ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)_x$ system was dispersed in a typical photoconductive polymer of poly(9-vinylcarbazole)(PVCZ). The iodine dopant level(x) of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_x$ is proportional to concentration of iodine, whereas x of ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_x$ decreased from the highest x=0.97 at more than $6.3{\times}10^{-3}$ M iodine solution. The Raman spectra of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_x$ at 514 nm exhibited characteristic $I_3^-$ patterns in the range of 50∼550 $cm^{-1}$ at $x{\geq}0.57.$ The surface photovoltage of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.48}$/PVCZ was approximately 1.6 times greater than ZnO/${\chi}-H_2 Pc(I)_{0.48}$ and was 1.8 times of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.57}$/PVCZ at 670 nm. With ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)_x$/PVCZ, the highest iodine dopant levels showed a higher photovoltage. Therefore the injection of holes from H2Pc into PVCZ resulted in that photosensisitizing effect of ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)_x$/PVCZ system was improved compared to ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)_x$ case.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 1995

Metal free phthalocyanine($H_2Pc$) partially doped with iodine, $H_2Pc(I)x$, has been made to improve photosensitizing efficiency of ZnO/$H_2Pc$. The content of iodine dopant level(x) for $H_2Pc(I)x$ upon $H_2Pc$ polymorphs was characterized as ${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$ and ${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ by elemental analysis. Characterization of iodine-oxidized $H_2Pc$ were investigated by TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), UV-Vis, FT-IR, Raman and ESR (electron spin resonance) spectrum, and the adsorption properties of $H_2Pc(I)x$ on ZnO were characterized by means of Raman and ESR studies. TGA for $H_2Pc(I)x$ showed a complete loss of iodine at approximately 265$^{\circ}C$ and the Raman spectrum of $H_2Pc(I)x$ and ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ at 514.5 nm showed characteristic $I_3^-$ patterns in the frequency region 90∼550 $cm^{-1}$. ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ exhibited a very intense and narrow ESR signal at $g=2.0025{\pm}0.0005$ compared to $H_2Pc$/ZnO. Iodine doped ZnO/$H_2Pc(I)x$ showed a better photosensitivity compared to iodine undoped ZnO/$H_2Pc$. That is, the surface photovoltage of ${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$/ZnO was approximately 31 times greater than that of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc$ and ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ was 5 times more efficient than ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc$ at 670 nm. And the dependence of photosensitizing effect upon $H_2Pc$ polymorphs was exhibited that the surface photovoltage of ZnO/${\chi}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.92}$ was approximately 5 times greater than ZnO/${\beta}-H_2Pc(I)_{0.96}$ at 670 nm. Therefore Iodine doping of H_2Pc$ resulted in increase in photoconductivity of $H_2Pc$ and photovoltaic effect of ZnO/$H_2Pc$ in the visible region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.141.1-141.1
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• 2016

저분자 유기태양전지에 사용되는 zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc)기반의 유기 2층 박막 구조인 ZnPc/C60와 ZnPc/C70에서, 열처리 온도에 따른 유기물층 계면의 변화, ZnPc 층의 격자상수와 응력 변화를 x-ray reflectivity와 GIWAXS 측정을 이용하여 연구하였다. C60 fullerene 층이 있는 ZnPc의 계면은 열처리 온도가 증가하면서 계면의 거칠기가 증가하였으나, C70 fullerene 층이 있을 때는 180도의 고온에서도 계면 거칠기가 증가하지 않고 안정한 상태를 유지하였다. Fullerene층이 있는 ZnPc는 단일 ZnPc 박막에 비해 압축 응력(compressive strain)을 더 받게 되나, 박막의 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 응력이 점진적으로 감소하게 된다. 특히 C70 fullerene 층이 있는 경우 ZnPc의 경우 180도에서 응력이 모두 사라진다. 이러한 fullerene 종류에 따른 박막의 응력과 계면의 안정성 특성은 표면 모폴로지에 영향을 주게 되어, ZnPC/C60 박막의 경우 ZnPc/C70에 비해 약 2배 큰 120nm의 grain을 갖게 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.632-639
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• 1994

For dye sensitization of zinc oxide in the visible region, copper phthalocyanine(CuPc) and sunfast yellow(SY) were adsorbed in two layers on zinc oxide powder. The adsorption structures of $\alpha-and\beta-CuPc$ on zinc oxide were investigated by photoacoustic, IR and Raman spectra. The ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}$-polymorphs exhibited dimeric structure or molecular aggregates. The surface photovoltaic effect of ZnO/CuPc/SY showed higher than that of ZnO/SY/CuPc and $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ indicated better photosensitive than $ZnO/\alpha-CuPc/SY.$ Electrophotographic sensitivity of $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ was $$S_{1/2}=2.99{\times}10^{-2}(erg/cm^2)^{-1}$ at 630 nm.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.151-155
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• 2015

The interfacial electronic structure between zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and aluminumdoped zinc oxide (AZO) substrates has been evaluated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and angle-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy to understanding the molecular orientation of a ZnPc layer on the performance of small molecule organic photovoltaics (OPVs). We find that the ZnPc tilt angle improves the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ interaction on the AZO substrate, thus leading to an improved short-circuit current in OPVs based on phthalocyanine. Furthermore, the molecular orientation-dependent energy level alignment has been analyzed in detail using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. We also obtained complete energy level diagrams of ZnPc/AZO and ZnPc/indium thin oxide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1809-1816
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• 2000

The catalytic combustion of methanol as a model volatile organic compound(VOC) was been investigated over metal-phthalocyanine(PC) in a fixed bed flow reactor system. The catalytic activity of Co-PC pretreated with air and methanol mixture at $450^{\circ}C$ and 60 cc/min for 1 hr was very excellent. The order of catalytic activity on methanol combustion was summarized as follows: metal free-PC < Zn-PC < Fe-PC < Cu($\alpha$)-PC < Co-PC. By TG/DTA analysis, the tendency of thermal decomposition was increased as follows: metal free-PC < Zn-PC < Cu($\alpha$)-PC < Co-PC < Fe-PC. Under this pretreatment condition, the basic structures of Co-PC, Cu($\alpha$)-PC and Fe-PC were destroyed, and the new metal oxide such as $Co_3O_4$ from Co-PC was confirmed by EA and XRD analysis. But Zn-PC and metal free-PC were retained its basic structure under this pretreatment condition. On the combustion of methanol over Co-PC, HCHO and $HCOOCH_3$ were observed as an intermediate products in the high concentration of reactant or the short contact time(W/F).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2005

Al doped ZnO thin films (ZnO:Al) were deposited on poly carbonate (PC) substrate by rf magnetron sputtering. In addition, the electrical, optical properties of the films prepared at various conditions were investigated. As the sputter power increased, the resistivity of ZnO:Al films decreased, regardless of substrate types. However, the resistivity of the films increased with the sputter pressure. The ZnO:Al films were increasingly dark gray colored as the sputter power increased, resulting in the loss of transmittance. High quality films with resistivity as low as 1.43${\times}$10$^{-4}$ Ω-cm and transmittance over 80 % have been obtained by suitably controlling the deposition parameters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3272-3278
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• 2010

Synthesis and structural characterization of peripherally ferrocene-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Fc) were carried out for efficient far-red/near-IR performance in dye-sensitized nanostructured $TiO_2$ solar cells. Incorporating ferrocene into phthalocyanine strongly improved the dye solubility in polar organic solvents, and reduced surface aggregation due to the steric effect of bulky ferrocene substituents. The involvement of electron transfer reaction pathways between ferrocene and phthalocyanine in ZnPc-Fc was evidenced by completely quenched fluorescence from S1 state (< 0.08% vs ZnPc). Strong absorption bands at 542 and 682 nm were observed in the transient absorption spectroscopy of ZnPc-Fc in DMSO, which was excited at a 670 nm laser pulse with a 15 ps full width at half maximum. Also, the excited state absorption signals at 450 - 600 and 750 - 850 nm appeared from the formation of charge separated state of phthalocyanine's anion. The lifetime of the charge separate state in ZnPc-Fc was determined to be $170{\pm}8$ ps, which was almost 17 times shorter than that of the ZnPc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.1079-1082
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• 2004

CuPc와 ZnPc를 이용하여 이종 접합 구조에서의 광기전 특성을 연구하였다. $CuPc/C_{60}$, $XnPc/C_{60}$의 이종 접합 구조에서 $C_{60}$의 접합 두께 비율을 1:1 (20nm:20nm), 1:2 (20nm:40nm), 1:3 (20nm:60nm)로 가변하여 두께와 물질에 따른 광기전 특성 및 엑시톤 억제층의 효과를 분석하였다. 광원은 500W Xe lamp를 이용하였으며, 광원의 세기는 보정된 radiometer/photometer와 Si-photodiode로 dark, 10, 25, 60, 80 그리고 100mW/$cm^2$로 주사하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2012

ZnPc and CuPc molecules stacked similar way in the film, but showed different growth modes in thermal evaporation. The distribution of CuPc crystals did not change by the film thickness, whereas the distribution of ZnPc became random as the increase of the film thickness. The disc type nanograins of CuPc were quite regularly distributed at the initial growth regime and the regular distribution of nanograins was kept during the film growth. On the other hand, ZnPc consisted in ellipsoid shaped nanograins and the distribution of nanograins was not regular in the initial growth regime. The irregular distribution of nanograins changed to the regular mode at the later growth regime by showing structure factor in GISAXS measurement. The different initial nanograin distribution in ZnPc and CuPc was related to the different nanostructure in the mixed layer with C60 to form the bulk heterojunction.