• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

The optical gain and the luminescence of a ZnO quantum well with MgZnO barriers is studied theoretically. We calculated the non-Markovian optical gain and the luminescence for the strained-layer wurtzite quantum well taking into account of the excitonic effects. It is predicted that both optical gain and luminescence are enhanced for the ZnO quantum well when compared with those of InGaN-AlGaN quantum well structure due to the significant reduction of the piezoelectric effects in the ZnO-MgZnO systems.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2013

We fabricated ZnO-ZnMgO single quantum well (SQW) samples having different well-widths by using the atomic layer deposition technique. The QW samples exhibit different optical transition behaviors with different QW widths. We confirm that when the well-width of 1.5 nm does not have a confined quantum energy level due to the Mg diffusion into the well caused by after-thermal treatment whereas the QWs wider than 1.5 nm show optical transitions between the confined energy levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2010

ZnO is a promising material for the application of high efficiency light emitting diodes with short wavelength region for its large bandgap energy of 3.37 eV which is similar to GaN (3.39 eV) at room temperature. The large exciton binding energy of 60 meV in ZnO provide provides higher efficiency of emission for optoelectronic device applications. Several ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well (MQW) structures have been grown on various substrates such as sapphire, GaN, Si, and so on. However, the achievement of high quality ZnO/ZnMgO MQW structures has been somehow limited by the use of lattice-mismatched substrates. Therefore, we propose the optical properties of ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum well (MQW) structures with different well widths grown on lattice-matched ZnO substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show MQW emissions at 3.387 and 3.369 eV for the ZnO/ZnMgO MQW samples with well widths of 2 and 5 nm, respectively, due to the quantum confinement effect. Time-resolved PL results show an efficient photo-generated carrier transfer from the barrier to the MQWs, which leads to an increased intensity ratio of the well to barrier emissions for the ZnO/ZnMgO MQW sample with the wider width. From the power-dependent PL spectra, we observed no PL peak shift of MQW emission in both samples, indicating a negligible built-in electric field effect in the ZnO/$Zn_{0.9}Mg_{0.1}O$ MQWs grown on lattice-matched ZnO substrates.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.02a
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• pp.12-13
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2013

ZnO는 직접천이형 반도체로 약 3.37 eV의 넓은 에너지 band-gap과 60 meV의 비교적 큰 엑시톤 결합 에너지를 가지고 있다. 또한 단결정 성장 가능과 투명성 등 많은 장점들로 인하여 GaN와 대체할 자외선 또는 청색 발광소자나 ITO를 대체할 투명전극 같은 광범위한 광전소자로 큰 주목을 받으며 연구되어 왔다. 이러한 ZnO는 다양한 물질들의 첨가를 통해 인위적으로 특성변화가 가능한데 Mg, Be, Cd 첨가를 통한 에너지 밴드갭의 확장과 수축, Al 첨가를 통한 전기전도성의 증가 등이 그 예이다. 최근에는 밴드갭 조절을 이용한 ZnO-ZnMgO와 같은 이종접합구조가 광소자 등의 응용을 목적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 더불어 나노선이나 나노막대 같은 1차원 구조를 갖는 ZnO 계열 반도체의 연구는 현재 큰 이슈가 되고 있는 나노 크기의 소자 개발에 매우 큰 적용 가능성을 가지고 있다. 우리는 수열합성법을 이용하여 hexagonal ZnO 나노막대를 성장하고 그 표면에 core-shell 형태의 $ZnO-Zn_{1-x}Mg_xO$ (x=0.084) 양자우물을 원자층증착법으로 증착하였다. 본 연구에서는 만들어진 ZnO 나노막대와 ZnO-ZnMgO 나노막대, core-shell ZnO-ZnMgO 양자우물 sample들의 저온(5 K) Photoluminescence 측정을 통하여 광학적 band 구조를 분석하였다. 실험적으로 의도된 양자우물 두께와 다른 실제 형성된 양자무물의 두께를 알아내기 위하여 2차원 hexagonal 양자우물 band 구조에서 self-consistent nonlinear Poisson-Schr$\"{o}$dinger 방정식 계산과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용하였으며, 이 방법으로 계산된 값과 실험값의 비교를 통하여 실제 형성된 양자우물의 두께를 정량적으로 유출할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2009

ZnO has received considerable attention due to its potential applicability to optoelectronic devices such as ultraviolet-light emitting diodes (UVLEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). As well known, however, polar ZnO with the growth direction along the c-axis has spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations that will result in decreased quantum efficiency. Recently, nonpolar ZnO has been studied to avoid such a polarization effect. In order to realize applications of nonpoar ZnO-based films to LEDs, growth of high quality alloys for quantum well structures is one of the important tasks that should be solved. $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ and $Cd_xZn_{1-x}O$ is ones of most promising alloys for this application because the alloys of ZnO with MgO and CdO provide a wide range of band-gap engineering spanning from 2.4 to 7.8 eV. In this study, we investigated on $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ films grown with various Mg/Zn flux ratios The films were grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). we investigated on $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ films grown with various Mg/Zn flux ratios. The films were grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). With the relatively low Mg/Zn flux ratios, a typical striated anisotropic surface morphology which was generally observed from the nonpolar (11-20) ZnO film on r-plane sapphire substrates. By increasing the Mg/Zn flux ratio, however, additional islands were appeared on the surface and finally the surface morphology was entirely changed, which was generally observed for the (0001) polar ZnO films by losing the striated morphology. Investigations by X-ray $\Theta-2{\Theta}$ diffraction revealed that (0002) and (10-11) ZnO planes are appeared in $Mg_xZn_{1-x}O$ films by increasing the Mg/Zn flux ratio. Further detailed investigation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2010

GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are attracting great interest as candidates for next-generation solid-state lighting, because of their long lifetime, small size, high efficacy, and low energy consumption. However, for general illumination applications, the external quantum efficiency of LEDs, determined by the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and the light extraction efficiency, must be further increased. The IQE is determined by crystal quality and epitaxial layer structure and high value of IQE more than 70% for blue LEDs have been already reported. However, there is much room for improvement of light extraction efficiency because most of the generated photons from active layer remain inside LEDs by total internal reflection at the interface of semiconductor with air due to the high refractive index difference between LEDs epilayer (for GaN, n=2.5) and air (n=1). The light confining in LEDs will be reabsorbed by the metal electrode or active layer, reducing the efficacy of LEDs. Here, we present the first demonstration of enhanced light extraction by forming a MgO nano-pyramids structure on the surface of vertical-LEDs. The MgO nano-pyramids structure was successfully fabricated at room temperature using conventional electron-beam evaporation without any additional process. The nano-sized pyramids of MgO are formed on the surface during growth due to anisotropic characteristics between (111) and (200) plane of MgO. The ZnO layer with quarter-wavelength in thickness is inserted between GaN and MgO layers to increase the critical angle for total internal reflection, because the refractive index of ZnO (n=1.94) could be matched between GaN (n=2.5) and MgO (n=1.73). The MgO nano-pyramids structure and ZnO refractive-index modulation layer enhanced the light extraction efficiency ofV-LEDs with by 49%, comparing with the V-LEDs with a flat n-GaN surface. The angular-dependent emission intensity shows the enhanced light extraction through the side walls of V-LEDs as well as through the top surface of the n-GaN, because of the increase in critical angle for total internal reflection as well as light scattering at the MgO nano-pyramids surface.