• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.108.2-108.2
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• 2012

디스플레이는 유리 기판이나 폴리머 기판에 진공장비를 통한 투명전극(TCO)를 증착시키고, 그 위에 발광체와 유전체를 쌓는 방식으로 공정을 진행한다. 특히 투명전극(TCO)의 경우 진공장비를 이용하여 증착을 진행하는데, 이러한 생산 공정은 고가의 생산 장비 및 재료와 공정의 복잡화에 따른 생산단가 상승등으로 인한 경쟁력 저하 문제가 야기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 투명전극(TCO)의 주재료인 인듐 주석 산화물(ITO)를 배제하고, 아연 산화물(ZnO)에 알루미늄을 도핑한 투명전극을 습식방식으로 형성하는 기술에 관한 것이다. Sol-gel법을 이용한 용액 제조와 ZnO에 Al을 도핑하여, 후 열처리하여 유리 기판에 $1{\mu}m$두께를 갖는 투명전극 기판을 제작하였다. 각 공정에 있어서 조성변화가 투명전극 층에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사 하였다. 이와 같은 제조 공정에는 Sol-gel 용액 제조, 박막형성에 이은 후처리로 이루어지는 단순공정이 적용되어, 기존 투명전도 산화막 공정에 대비하여 단순 공정으로 이뤄지며, 진공 설비를 배제함으로써 기존공정 대비 경쟁력을 갖게 된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2005

In this study, Al doped ZnO(AZO)thin film were prepared on glass substrates by FTS(Facing targets Sputtering) system. We investigated electrical.. optical and structural properties of AZO thin film under the substrate temperature of the R.T. $100^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, respectively, From XRD measurements it was found the crystallization of AZO thin film was increased with increasing the substrate temperature.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.347-351
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• 2003

II-Ⅵ ZnO compound semiconductor thin films were grown on $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) single crystal substrate by radical beam assisted molecular beam epitaxy and the optical properties were investigated. Zn(6N) was evaporated using Knudsen cell and O radical was assisted at the partial pressure of 1$\times$10$^{4}$ Torr and radical beam source of 250-450 W RF power. In $\theta$-2$\theta$ x-ray diffraction analysis, ZnO thin film with 500 nm thickness showed only ZnO(0002)and ZnO(0004) peaks is believed to be well grown along c-axis orientation. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement using He-Cd ($\lambda$=325 nm) laser is obtained in the temperature range of 9 K-300 K. At 9 K and 300 K, only near band edge (NBE) is observed and the FWHM's of PL peak of the ZnO deposited at 450 RF power are 45 meV and 145 meV respectively. From no observation of any weak deep level peak even at room temperature PL, the ZnO grains are regarded to contain very low defect density and impurity to cause the deep-level defects. The peak position of free exciton showed slightly red-shift as temperature was increased, and from this result the binding energy of free exciton can be experimentally determined as much as $58\pm$0.5 meV, which is very closed to that of ZnO bulk. By van der Pauw 4-point probe measurement, the grown ZnO is proved to be n-type with the electron concentration($n_{e}$ ) $1.69$\times$10^{18}$$cm^3$, mobility($\mu$) $-12.3\textrm{cm}^2$/Vㆍs, and resistivity($\rho$) 0.30 $\Omega$$\cdot$cm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.585-585
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• 2012

$Cu(In_{1-x}Ga_x)Se_2$(CIGS) 박막 태양전지는 Chalcopyrite 계 박막 태양전지로 Cu, In, Ga, Se 각 원소의 조성을 적절히 조절하여 박막을 성장시킨다. 성장시킨 CIGS 박막은 광흡수계수가 $10^5cm^{-1}$로 다른 물질보다 뛰어나고 직접 천이형 반도체로서 얇은 두께로도 고효율의 박막 제작이 가능하다. CIGS 태양전지를 제조하는 방법은 3-stage 동시 증착법, 금속 전구체의 셀렌화 공정법, 전기 증착법 등이 있다. 그 중에 금속 전구체의 셀렌화 공정법은 다른 제조 방법에 비해 대면적 생산에 유리한 장점이 있다. 하지만 아직 상대적으로 3-stage 동시 증착법에 비해 낮은 에너지 변환 효율이 보고된다. 본 실험에서는 기존의 금속 전구체의 셀렌화 공정법과는 달리 전구체 증착과 셀렌화 공정을 동시에 하고, Se cracker를 통하여 Se 원료를 주입하는 방식인 반응성 스퍼터링 공정에서 reservoir zone의 온도 변화에 따른 특성을 분석하였다. Se cracker의 reservoir zone 온도가 증가할수록 Cu/(In+Ga) 비가 증가한다. CIGS 박막 태양전지의 구조는 Al/Ni/ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/Soda lime glass이다. CIGS 박막의 조성비가 Cu/(In+Ga)=0.89, Ga/(In+Ga)=0.17인 박막 태양전지에서 개방전압 0.34 V, 단락전류밀도 $32.61mA/cm^2$, 충실도 56.2% 그리고 변환 효율 6.19%를 얻었다. 본 연구는 2011년도 지식경제부의 재원으로 한국에너지 기술평가원(KTEP)의 지원을 받아 수행한 연구 과제입니다(No.20093020010030).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2006

In this study, the Al doped ZnO thin films were prepared by the facing targets sputtering(FTS) apparatus. The electrical characteristics, transmittance of ITO thin films were investigated as a function of varying input current and oxygen gas flow rate. As a result, the ITO thin film was prepared with a resistivity $6{\times}10-4[{\Omega}-cm]$ and transmittance 80% at visible range.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.6 s.301
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• pp.303-307
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• 2007

Transparent In-doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films are deposited with variation of pulsed DC power at Ar atmosphere on coming 7059 glass substrate by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. A c-axis oriented IZO thin films were grown in perpendicular to the substrate. The optical transmittance spectra showed high transmittance of over 80% in the UV-visible region and exhibited the absorption edge of about 350 nm. Also, the IZO films exhibited the resistivity of ${\sim}10^{-3}{\Omega}\;cm$ and the mobility of ${\sim}6cm/V\;s$. Organic Light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with IZO/N,N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis(3-methylphenl)-1, 1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD)/tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum ($Alq_3$)/LiF/Al configuration were fabricated. LiF layer inserted is used as an interfacial layer to increase the electron injection. Under a current density of $100\;mA/cm^2$, the OLEDs show an excellent efficiency (9.4 V turn-on voltage) and a good brightness ($12000\;cd/m^2$) of the emission light from the devices. These results indicate that IZO films hold promise for anode electrodes in the OLEDs application.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.138-138
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• 2008

In this study, effect of thickness on structural, electrical and optical properties of B doped ZnO:Al (AZOB) films was investigated. AZOB films were deposited on PC substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The thickness range of films were from 300 nm to 800 nm to identified as increasing thickness, stress between substrate and AZOB film. The. average transmittance of the films was over 80 % until 500 nm. Then a resistivity of $1.58\times10^{-3}\Omega$-cm was obtained. We presented that a AZOB film of 500 nm was optimization to obtain a high transmittance and conductivity.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2012

Modulated Pulse Power (MPP) magnetron sputtering is a new high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) technology which overcomes the low deposition rate problem by modulating the pulse voltage shape, amplitude, and the duration. Highly ionized magnetron sputtering can be performed without arcing because it can be controlled as multiple steps of micro pulses within one overall pulse period in the range of 500-3,000 ${\mu}s$. In this study, the various waveforms of discharge voltage and current for micro pulse sets of MPP were investigated to find the possibility of controlling the strongly ionized plasma mode. Enhanced ionization of the sputtered metal atoms was obtained by OES. Large grained columnar structure can be grown by the strongly ionized plasma mode in the AZO deposition using MPP. In the most highly ionized deposition condition, the preferred orientation of (002) plane decreased, and the resistivity, therefore, increased by the plasma damage.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2006

Al-doped ZnO(AZO)/Ag/AZO multi-layer films deposited on PET substrate by RF magnetron sputtering have a much better electrical properties than Al-doped ZnO single-layer films. The multi-layer structure consisted of three layers, AZO/Ag/AZO, the optimum thickness of Ag layers was determined to be $112{\AA}$ for high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. With about $1800{\AA}$ thick AZO films, the multi-layer showed a high optical transmittance in the visible range of the spectrum. The electrical and optical properties of AZO/Ag/AZO were changed mainly by thickness of Ag layers. A high quality transparent electrode, having a resistance as low as $6\;W/{\square}$ and a high optical transmittance of 87% at 550 nm, was obtained by controlling Ag deposition parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.238-243
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• 2007

최근 FPD에 투명전극으로 사용되는 ITO는 뛰어난 전기적, 광학적 특성을 가지고 있다. 하지만 ITO는 저온공정의 어려움과 ITO의 원료인 In의 수급 불안정 및 스퍼터링 시 음이온 충격에 의한 막 손상으로 인한 저항 증가 등과 같은 것들이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 ITO 투명전극을 대체하기 위한 물질로 2wt.%의 Al이 도핑된 ZnO 세라믹 타겟을 이용한 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법으로 상온, $150^{\circ}C,\;225^{\circ}C,\;300^{\circ}C$ 및 다양한 증착압력 하에서 유리기판 위에 AZO 투명전도막을 증착하였다. 박막의 결정성과 입자의 크기 증착조건에 영향을 받았다. AZO 박막의 전기적특성은 기판온도가 고온일수록 향상되었으며, 박막의 두께가 200nm으로 일정할 때 가시광 영역에서의 투과도는 평균 80% 정도였다.