• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.514-526
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 한류 지속가능성에 한류 드라마 '시청정도'가 미치는 직접효과와 '한류호감도' 및 '문화유입수용성'의 매개효과 그리고 '경쟁의식'의 조절효과를 실증적으로 규명하였다. 표본은 중국 광서성의 계림시와 하남성의 정주시에 거주하는 대학생(N=371명)이다. 분석 결과, 한국에 대한 '경쟁의식'이 상대적으로 약한 응답자들의 경우에는, '한류 지속가능성'에 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않았지만, 경쟁의식이 상대적으로 강한 응답자들은 한국 드라마 '시청정도'가 증가할수록, 오히려 한류 지속가능성에 대해서 회의적인 입장을 표명하여 주목하게 되었고, '경쟁의식'의 조절효과가 입증되었다. 한류 드라마를 많이 시청할수록, '한류 호감도'도 증가시키지만, '문화유입 수용성'에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. '시청정도'가 증가할수록, '한류지속 가능성'에 대한 부정적인 평가를 하는 경향은 '한류 호감도'가 증가할수록 유의하게 감소될 수 있어, '한류 호감도'의 매개효과가 입증되었다. 주요 발견점을 토대로 시사점과 함의를 논의하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1693-1697
• /
• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1399-1405
• /
• 2013

The present study focused on establishing the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) on interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression patterns and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage were randomized into control, low IFN-${\gamma}$ (L-IFN-${\gamma}$) and high IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (H-IFN-${\gamma}$) that received normal saline, 100 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ and 500 IU/g of IFN-${\gamma}$ vaginal muscular injection, respectively. The effects of IFN-${\gamma}$ on IL-18 expression and pregnancy outcomes were assessed systematically using several methods, including immunohistochemistry streptavidin-perosidase (SP), image pattern analysis, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), whole blood count (WBC) count, microscopy and visual observation. IL-18 was detected in the uteri of all pregnant rats, and mainly distributed in the endometrium, decidual cells, vascular endothelium and myometrium. Immunohistochemistry and image pattern analyses revealed significantly lower IL-18 expression in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group compared to the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups (p<0.01), indicating that high doses of IFN-${\gamma}$ induce downregulation of IL-18 in the uterus of pregnant rats. ELISA results disclosed that IL-18 expression in peripheral blood of the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was lower than that of the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the number of peripheral leukocytes in the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group was significantly higher than those in the control and L-IFN-${\gamma}$ groups (p<0.01). Morphology analysis showed no evident differences between the L-IFN-${\gamma}$ and control groups. However, for the H-IFN-${\gamma}$ group, uterine mucosa bleeding, necrosis and excoriation were observed using microscopy. Visual observation revealed marroon, swelling, crassitude and no embryo in the uterus, which are obvious indicators of abortion. These results indicate that IFN-${\gamma}$ plays a regulatory role in IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood of pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage. Moreover, high levels (500 IU/g) of IFN-${\gamma}$ influence normal pregnancy at the early stages in rats by downregulating IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood and increasing the number of peripheral leukocytes, consequently triggering termination of pregnancy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2014

${\beta}$-lapachone is a naturally occurring quinone that selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; however, its mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated. In this study, we investigated the effects of ${\beta}$-lapachone on the induction of apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. ${\beta}$-lapachone significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, and some typical apoptotic characteristics such as chromatin condensation and an increase in the population of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed in ${\beta}$-lapachone-treated AGS cells. Treatment with ${\beta}$-lapachone caused mitochondrial transmembrane potential dissipation, stimulated the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, as indicated by caspase-9 activation, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 downregulation and Bax upregulation, as well as death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway, as indicated by activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid. This process was accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and concomitant with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, significantly abolished ${\beta}$-lapachone-induced cell death and inhibited growth. Further analysis demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis by ${\beta}$-lapachone was accompanied by inactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly increased ${\beta}$-lapachone-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Taken together, these findings indicate that the apoptotic activity of ${\beta}$-lapachone is probably regulated by a caspase-dependent cascade through activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways, and that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling may contribute to ${\beta}$-lapachone-mediated AGS cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.769-776
• /
• 2014

Anisomycin은 Streptomyces griseolus에 의하여 생성되는 항생제의 일종으로 flagecidin으로도 알려져 있으며, ribosomal 28S subunit에 결합함으로서 단백질의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. TRAIL은 ligand로서의 death receptor와의 결합을 통하여 세포의 apoptosis를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 많은 암세포에서는 이미 TRAIL에 대한 저항성을 획득하여 TRAIL 유도 apoptosis를 회피하는 능력을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 TRAIL 저항성 Hep3B 간암세포를 대상으로 anisomycin이 TRAIL 매개 apoptosis를 촉진 시킬 수 있는지의 여부를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 단독 처리 조건에서 Hep3B 세포의 증식에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 않았던 anisomycin과 TRAIL의 동시 처리는 anisomycin 처리 농도 의존적으로 세포의 증식을 시켰으며, 이는 caspase 활성화를 통한 apoptosis 유발 증가와 연관성이 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 siRNA를 이용한 Hep3B 세포의 인위적인 Bid 발현의 차단은 anisomycin과 TRAIL 동시 처리군에 비하여 apoptosis 유발능이 더욱 증대시켜 TRAIL 연관 Bid의 truncation을 통한 미토콘드리아 의존적 apoptosis 유발 과정을 anisomycin이 효과적으로 촉진시켰음을 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 anisomycin과 TRAIL의 동시 처리는 TRAIL 저항성 암세포의 사멸을 촉진시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법임을 의미한다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2014

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in impairing the function of T cells. We characterized MDSCs in two chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cohorts: a cross-sectional group that included 61 treatment-naive patients with CHC, 14 rapid virologic response (RVR) cases and 22 early virologic response (EVR) cases; and a longitudinal group of 13 cases of RVR and 10 cases of EVR after pegylated-interferon-${\alpha}$/ribavirin treatment for genotype 1b HCV infection. Liver samples from 32 CHC patients and six healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. MDSCs frequency in treatment-naive CHC was significantly higher than in RVR, EVR, or healthy subjects and was positively correlated with HCV RNA. Patients infected with HCV genotype 2a had a significantly higher frequency of MDSCs than those infected with genotype 1b. Decreased T cell receptor (TCR) ${\zeta}$ expression on $CD8^+$ T cells was significantly associated with an increased frequency of MDSCs in treatment-naive CHC patients and was restored by L-arginine treatment in vitro. Increased numbers of liver arginase-$1^+$ cells were closely associated with the histological activity index in CHC. The TCR ${\zeta}$ chain was significantly downregulated on hepatic $CD8^+$ T cells in CHC. During antiviral follow up, MDSCs frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was directly correlated with the HCV RNA load in the plasma and inversely correlated with TCR ${\zeta}$ chain expression in $CD8^+$ T cells in both RVR and EVR cases. Notably, the RVR group had a higher frequency of MDSCs at baseline than the EVR group. Collectively, this study provides evidence that MDSCs might be associated with HCV persistence and downregulation of CD8 ${\zeta}$ chain expression.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.685-696
• /
• 2021

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor, on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by estimating nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also evaluated the molecular mechanisms through analysis of the expression of their regulatory genes, and further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ALA against LPS in the zebrafish model. Our results indicated that ALA treatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. ALA also inhibited the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, reducing their extracellular secretion. Additionally, ALA abolished ROS generation, improved the mitochondrial mass, and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the ALA-mediated inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and activation of mitochondrial function in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, ALA significantly abolished the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ALA exerts LPS-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and that ALA can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory and oxidative damage.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2019

청춘 멜로영화, 장르는 한국 영화업계의 강점으로 해외 시장에서도 통했다. 곽재용, 한국의 유명한 영화감독, 시나리오작가는 화면의 아름다움, 감정의 섬세함, 상상력이 풍부한 '청춘 멜로 영화'를 잘 찍는다. 그의 영화는 독특한 매력과 특징이 있는데, 이 글은 영상 스타일, 인물 만들기, 그리고 주제 사상의 세 가지 측면에서 서술되어 있다. 우선 영상 스타일 차원에서 어떻게 다른 서사적 기법과 렌즈 언어를 구사해 영화의 분위기를 조성하고, 황홀한 동양미를 만들어냈는지 분석한다. 또 감독을 둘러싸고 영화 속 캐릭터를 다르게 그려내고 디테일을 부각시켜 스토리에 복선을 깔고 해석하는 데 주력했다. 다시 한번, 주제사상을 중심으로 곽재용의 멜로영화의 희비가 엇갈리는 깊은 의미를 분석하는 것은 오늘날 현대인의 내면적 지향과 추구를 반영하는 것이기 때문에 사람들은 깊이 생각하고 깊이 생각해야 한다. 경제 글로벌화 된 현대, 각국의 문화교류 협력 한국의 뛰어난 많은 영화들은 연구할 가치가 있으며, 곽재용 감독의 청춘 멜로 영화를 연구함으로써 그 영화가 시장에서 유행하는 원인을 발굴하고 작품에 반영된 심미를 분석한다. 성적 특징을 살려 청춘 멜로 영화를 만든 경험을 정리한다.