• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.344-360
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• 2017

Zoysiagrasses are important turf plants used for school playgrounds, parks, golf courses, and sports fields. The two most popular zoysiagrass species are Zoysia japonica and Zoysia sinica. These are widely distributed across different growing zones and are morphologically distinguishable from each other; however, it is phenotypically difficult to differentiate those that grow along the coastal line from those in beach area habitats. A combination of morphological and molecular approaches is desirable to efficiently identify these two plant cultivars. In this study, we used a rapid identification system based on DNA barcoding of the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The nrDNA-ITS regions of ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, and ITS2 from Z. japonica, Z. sinica, Agrostis stolonifera, and Poa pratensis were DNA barcoded to classify these grasses according to their molecular identities. The nrDNA-ITS sequences of these species were found at 686 bp, 687 bp, 683 bp, and 681 bp, respectively. The size of ITS1 ranged from 248 to 249 bp, while ITS2 ranged from 270 to 274 bp. The 5.8S coding region ranged from 163 - 164bp. Between Z. japonica and Z. sinica, nineteen (2.8%) nucleotide sites were variable, and the G+C content of the ITS region ranged from 55.4 to 63.3%. Substitutions and insert/deletion (indel) sites in the nrDNA-ITS sequence of Z. japonica and Z. sinica were converted to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and applied to the Zoysia grasses sampled to verify the presence of these markers. Among the 62 control and collected grass samples, we classified three groups: 36 Z. japonica, 22 Z. sinica, and 4 Z. japonica/Z. sinica hybrids. Morphological classification revealed only two groups; Z. japonica and Z. sinica. Our results suggest that used of the nrDNA-ITS barcode region and CAPS markers can be used to distinguish between Z. japonica and Z. sinica at the species level.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.49.1-49
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• 1998

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2006

To determine the minimum area for conservation of four Halophytic species populations, we evaluate the genetic diversity of four species based on the AFLP method using thirteen primer sets. Four species populations, Phragmites communis Trin, Suaeda japonica Makino, Zoysia sinica Hance, and S. maritima (L.) Dumort, from the southwestern coast of Korea, were selected for this study. The genetic diversity index ($\Psi_{ST}$) of Phragmites communis was 0.3856, Suaeda japonica 0.1445, Suaeda maritima 0.1669, and Zoysia sinica 0.2422. Based on the genetic diversity of population, we could determine the minimum area for conservation of each species as follows. P. communis needs $500{\times}500m^2$, S. japonica, S. maritima, and Z. sinica $100\times100m^2$ for keeping their genetic identity.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1997

A high seed yield '232' was evaluated for morphological characteristics and tissue culture re-sponse. The effect of mowing and urea application on coverage in '232' was also studied and the results were as follows ;1.'232' produced high seed yield than any other lines, but its other characteristics such as coverage, establishment rate, stolon length, stolon number and colour change were not good. 2.Callus induction of '232'(52.9%) was relatively high, and higher than that of Z. sinica(49.0%). However, embryogenic callus formation of '232' was not as good as that of Z. japonica and Z. sinica. 3.Coverage of '232' was very much enhanced by mowing on July 18, but not at all by mowing on May 29 and September 4. 4.Urea application did not increase the coverage in '232',Therefore, it can be used as a breeding material rather than direct use.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2010

Zoysiagrass, especially Jungji implicating medium-leaf type zoysiagrass has been widely used in South Korea recently. This study was carried out to classify 36 selected medium-leaf type zoysiagrass accessions compared to 5 basic zoysiagrass species using RAPDs. Morphological characteristics such as leaf width, leaf angle, leaf sheath length, existance of trichomes and stolon color were measured as useful characteristics for identification of species in Zoysia genus. Nineteen RAPD markers were identified using 8 selected random primers. The dissimilarity coefficient of variants ranged from 0 to 0.736. Three zoysiagrass groups were clustered by dissimilarity coefficient analysis. Group 1 consisted of Z. japonica and some US varieties including 'Zenith' and 'Meyer'. Group 2 consisted of Z. sinica, Z. macrostachya and Korean commercial varieties such as 'Anyang', 'Samdeock', and 'Pyeongdong' medium-leaf type grasses. Group 3 was genetically distinct from Group 1 and Group 2, and included Z. matrella and Z. tenuifolia. 'Anyang', 'Samdeock', and 'Pyeongdong' medium-leaf type zoysiagrasses showed very close genetic relationship with Z. sinica and Z. macrostachya.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.364-364
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.363-363
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• 2003

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

Aphanisticus congener is a newly recorded buprestid (Coleoptera) insect pest of turfgrass in Korea. This buprestid pest was initially found from turfgrass conservation site in a greenhouse in Jinju, Gyeongnam province, Korea in July, 2014. The Aphanisticus in the family Buprestidae is a leaf miner. A. congener is the close species of A. aeneus which was firstly reported as sugarcane leaf sucker in India. A. congener was active from early July to late August in the greenhouse. Damage by the insect led to drying out and browning of turfgrass leaf because larva fed on cell sap of leaves and adult fed on leaf surface. A. congener damaged Zoysia japonica, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and Poa pratensis when adults were artificially released into potted turfgrasses in the laboratory. In green house, A. congener damaged Z. japonica, Z. macrostachya, Z. matrella, Z. sinica, Conodon dactylon, and hybrid zoysiagrass. However, no damage symptoms were observed from the same turfgrass accessions in the nearby field of the greenhouse. Thus, the new coleopteran pest may be a warm-adapted pest for turfgrass, damaging turfgrass leaf only in warmer conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of warm-season turfgrasses and to find out suitable turfgrass species on Saemangeum reclaimed land. Twenty native zoysiagrass(Zoysia sinica, Z. matrella, Z. japonica, Medium-leaf type zoysiagrass(hybrid zoysiagrass)) and bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon) collected from Korea were used in this study. Total stolon length and the number of stolon per square meter, relative growth rate of shoot and stolon, and coverage rate were analyzed for 2 year. C. dactylon showed not only the most growth response with high relative growth rate of shoot and stolon, which were 19.9% and 66.3%, but also resulted in higher level of turf visual quality compared to others. Whereas Z. japonica showed the least growth response with low relative growth rate of shoot and stolon, which were 2.4% and 0.7%. Although all warm-season turfgrasses took root and grew up well, there were different growth rates between the interspecies. Z. sinica 'Z2034', Z. matrella 'Z4091', Z. japonica 'Z1064', Medium-leaf type zoysiagrass 'ZN6019' and C. dactylon 'BN7014' were the greatest growth rate of shoot and stolon. These results will be useful for selecting salt tolerant breeding lines and also used to develop a turfgrass cultivar with strong salinity tolerance through continuous monitoring.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2017

This study was carried out to develop new hybrid zoysiagrass cultivar 'Seah' (The application no. for cultivar protection : 2014-22). Native zoysiagrasses were collected from south-west seaside of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Artificial crossing was conducted to develop F1 hybrid between Z2011 (Z. sinica) and NM1 (Z. matrella) at plastic house in 2011. Among the progenies, 'Seah' showed fine leaf texture and high shoot density from the space planting plots at field. 'Seah' showed genetically light green color, with fine leaf with 1.8mm and height to the lowest leaf blade was 1.94 cm. Ground coverage rate was slower than medium leaf zoysiagrass (Jung-gi), but plant height of 7.1 cm was the lowest among the compared zoysiagrasses and height to lowest leaf of 1.94 cm was lower than most zoysiagrass, which may allow low mowing height.