• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권7호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This pilot study assessed changes in the growth plate and growth rates in children during a 6-month period. Methods: The study included 31 healthy children (17 boys, 14 girls) under evaluation for growth retardation. Height, weight, bone age, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) were measured at baseline and after 6 months. In addition, the diameter, thickness, and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The mean bone age in boys and girls was 11.7 and 10.7 years, respectively. In boys, height (z score) (-0.2 vs. 0.0), weight (z score) (0.8 vs. 1.1), body mass index (BMI) (z score) (1.27 vs. 1.5), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (343.6 vs. 501.8), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (5,088.5 vs. 5,620.0) were significantly higher after 6 months. In girls, height (z score) (-1.0 vs. -0.7), weight (z score) (-0.5 vs. 0.1), BMI (z score) (-0.02 vs. 0.3), IGF-1 (ng/mL) (329.3 vs. 524.6), and IGF-BP3 (ng/mL) (4,644.4 vs. 5,593.6) were also significantly higher after 6 months. In both sexes, the mean diameter and volume of the femoral and tibial growth plates were significantly increased 6 months later. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between changes in the growth plate and clinical parameters in children with growth retardation in this study, other than correlations of change in femoral diameter with weight and BMI. A larger, long-term study is needed to precisely evaluate the correlation between change in the growth plate and growth.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2013

Respect to the input AC voltage and output DC voltage, conventional three-phase PWM rectifier is classified as the voltage type rectifier with boost capability and the current type rectifier voltage with buck capability. Conventional PWM rectifier can not at the same time the boost and buck capability and its bridge is weak in the shoot- through state. These problems can be solved by Z-source PWM rectifier which has all characteristic of voltage and current type PWM rectifier. By shoot-through duty ratio control, the Z-source PWM rectifier can buck and boost at the same time, also, there is no need to consider the dead time. This paper proposes the input AC voltage sensorless control method of a three-phase Z-source PWM rectifier in order to accomplish the unity input power factor and output DC voltage control. The proposed method is estimated the input AC voltage by using input AC current and output DC voltage, hence, the sensor for the input AC voltage detection is no needed. comparison of the estimated and detected input AC voltage, estimated phase angle of the input voltage, the output DC voltage response for reference value, unity power factor, FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) of the estimated voltage and efficiency are verified by PSIM simulation.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.692-703
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• 2004

통신 유도 검사점 기법(communication induced checkpointing)은 분산 프로세스들의 결함 내성을 위한 검사점 기법 중 한 가지이다. 각 프로세스가 동기화를 거치지 않고 독립적으로 생성한 지역 검사점은 일관성을 위배하는 불필요한 검사점(useless checkpoint)이 될 가능성이 있으며, 연속적인 프로세스의 롤백(rollback)을 유발시킨다. 이를 막기 위해서 통신 유도 검사점 기법은 추가로 강제적인 검사점(forced checkpoint)을 생성한다. 강제적 검사점의 개수는 전체 시스템 성능의 부하와 직결되므로 이를 줄이는 것이 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 "Z-cycle 부재" 조건을 만족하는 두 가지의 통신 기반 검사점 기법을 제안하며, 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해서 제안된 알고리즘들이 기존의 알고리즘들보다 적은 부하를 요구함을 보인다. 덧붙여, 인덱스를 사용한 기존의 통신 유도 검사점 기법은 일관적인 전역 회복점(consistent global cut)을 찾는데 비효율적임을 보인다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 1989

본 실험은 우리나라 재래계의 육종 기초 자료를 얻고자 염색체의 형태와 G-, C-banding pattern을 조사하여 보았다. 시료는 성장중인 초기배아를 이용하였고 염색체 분양분석은 현재 Ohio 대학에서 시행하고 있는 방법을 다소 수정하여 행하였다. 실험결과 macrochromosome의 armratio와 centromeric index 그리고 relative length에서 다소 개량종과 차가 있으나 designation에는 차이가 없었다. Densitometric recording에 나타난 graph의 정점은 G-banding에서 1, 2, 3, 4, Z, 그리고 5번의 각 염색체에서 각각 21, 14, 12, 8, 11 그리고 4 개였고, C-banding에서는 各各 16, 13, 9, 9, 9,그리고 4 개였다. 이러한 banding pattern은 분염분석 방법에 따라 더 많이 발현시킬 수 있으리라 생각하며, banding pattern 에 의해서 genetic marker를 시사하기 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.903-910
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• 1998

Ti:LiNbO$_3$ optical waveguides have been fabricated by Ti-diffusion in wet oxygen atmosphere. The fabrication conditions of furnace temperature, diffusion time and bubbler temperature were 105$0^{\circ}C$, 8 hours and 9$0^{\circ}C$, respectively and Ti thickness was varied from 700$\AA$ to 1500$\AA$. In this paper, the nearfield patterns, mode sizes (hirizontal/vertical) and insertion loss of waveguides were discussed at wavelength 1550 nm ad function of Ti thickness. With the planar waveguide, the effective index change and diffusion depth were calculated at 632.8nm using the prism coupling method. From these results, the best Ti thickness in our conditions seems like to by 1200$\AA$~1300$\AA$.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on stress responses, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and blood pressure in patients hospitalized to receive coronary angiography (CAG). Methods: A non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were patients admitted to the day angiography room to receive CAG at E University Hospital (34 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). The experimental group treatment was inhalation of the aroma oil blended with lavender, ylang-ylang, and neroli at a ratio of 4:2:1 twice before and after CAG. The measurements of stress index, ANS activity, and blood pressure were performed 5 times as follows: at admission, at pre-CAG after treatment I, at post-CAG, 2 hours after treatment II, and 4 hours after treatment II. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Significant interactions in the high frequency of ANS (F=5.58, p=.005) were observed between group and time. Stress index (z=2.14, p=.016), systolic blood pressure (z=4.14, p<.005), and diastolic blood pressure (z=3.28, p=.001) were significantly different between the experimental and control groups after 4 hours of treatment II. Conclusion: The findings showed that aromatherapy was not effective before CAG, but was effective after CAG. Therefore, aromatherapy can be used as a nursing intervention for patients receiving CAG.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2011

A study of the non-linear optical properties of nanocrystal-Si embedded in SiO2 has been performed by using the z-scan method in the nanosecond and femtosecond ranges. Substoichiometric SiOx films were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) on silica substrates for Si excesses up to 24 at/%. An annealing at $1250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour was performed in order to precipitate nanocrystal-Si, as shown by EFTEM images. Z-scan results have shown that, by using 5-ns pulses, the non-linear process is ruled by thermal effects and only a negative contribution can be observed in the non-linear refractive index, with typical values around $-10-10cm^2/W$. On the other hand, femtosecond excitation has revealed a pure electronic contribution to the nonlinear refractive index, obtaining values in the order of 10-12 cm2/W. Simulations of heat propagation have shown that the onset of the temperature rise is delayed more than half pulse-width respect to the starting edge of the excitation. A maximum temperature increase of ${\Delta}T=123.1^{\circ}C$ has been found after 3.5ns of the laser pulse maximum. In order to minimize the thermal contribution to the z-scan transmittance and extract the electronic part, the sample response has been analyzed during the first few nanoseconds. By this method we found a reduction of 20% in the thermal effects. So that, shorter pulses have to be used obtain just pure electronic nonlinearities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.555-565
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• 2004

The objective of this study was conducted to investigate growth and development status of infants fed soy-based formulas over 3 months. The height and weight were measured and Z-scores were calculated by using standard of the same age groups. Their mothers were interviewed using questionnaires including general and environmental characteristics, total food intakes, soy based formula intakes and Ewha infant development screening test. Main results were as follows: 1) Nutrient intake levels of subjects were similar to or more than the level of Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances except for intakes of vitamin E (79.89% RDA), and the average status of nutrient intakes of infants were fairly good. 2) Z-scores of height for age (HAZ) and Z-scores of weight for age (WAZ), Kaup index, WLI and Ewha Infant Developmental Screening Test score of subjects were in the normal growth range. 3) There were no significant differences among soy based formula intake percentile groups in HAZ, WAZ, Kaup index, WLI and Ewha Infant Developmental Screening Test score. 4) Total energy intake was positively correlated with HAZ (p < 0.00, WAZ (p <0.00, and WLI (p < 0.05) in infants less than 12 month. Also, soy based formula energy intake was positively correlated with HAZ (p < 0.05) in infants less than 12 month. However, energy and soy based formula intake levels of infants over 12 month were not significant among variables. Considering results of this study, infants fed soy-based formulas over 3 months showed normal growth and development status. Further studies are needed to evaluate longterm growth and development in infants fed soy based formulas.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

Purpose: Children with celiac disease (CD) are at an increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) owing to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, inflammation, and malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low BMD in Iranian children with CD. Methods: This prospective cohort study examined 149 Iranian children with CD between 2011 and 2018 at Zabol University of Medical Sciences. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from patients' medical records. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with low areal BMD (BMD-Z <-2) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Descriptive data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: Of the 149 children with CD, 27.5% had osteoporosis. The mean body mass index (BMI) Z score was -1.28±1.2. Lower BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of BMD-Z (odds ratio 2.17; p≤0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study showed that there was no correlation among Marsh classification, presence of specific human leukocyte antigens, and low BMD in Iranian children with CD. BMI can be a predictor of bone density in children with CD and may be applied clinically in early screenings to evaluate the bone health status in these children.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of body positioning on $PaO_2$, $SpO_2$, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and respiration(above all defined physiologic index), of patients with unilateral lung disease. The subjects for this study were eleven patients admitted to I.C.U. of K.H.M.C. with a diagnosis of unilateral lung disease confirmed by chest X-ray and the attending doctor, from January 30th. to April 20th. 1999. A quasi-experimental repeated-measures cross-over design was used to compare three body positions(semi-Fowler's, lateral decubitus with good lung dependent, and lateral decubitus with diseased lung dependent). Each subject spent 30 minutes in semi-Fowler's position and 2 hours in good lung dependent position and diseased lung dependent position. Starting in the semi-Fowler's position, then in the lateral position with the good lung dependent or the diseased lung dependent as assigned in random order. Thirty minutes after each positioning, arterial blood sample was analyzed. Measurements of all physiologic index were recorded at the specified intervals(0, 30, 60 90, and 120 minutes) in good lung dependent and diseased lung dependent position. Statistical comparison of $PaO_2$ value was done using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to analyse the within-subject effect of two dependent position for 2 hours on the five dependent variables: (1) $PaO_2$ (2) $SpO_2$ (3) systolic blood pressure (4) diastolic blood pressure (5) pulse. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The $PaO_2$ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the $PaO_2$ value in the diseased lung dependent position(Z=-2.8451, p=.002). 2. The $PaO_2$ value in the good lung dependent position was significantly higher than the $PaO_2$ value in the semi-Fowler's position (Z=-2.6673, p=.003). 3. The difference between the $PaO_2$ value in the semi-Fowler's position and the $PaO_2$ value in the diseased lung dependent position was not significant(Z=-1.2448, p=.10). 4. There were no statistically significance in the trends of physiologic index in the good lung dependent position and the diseased lung dependent position. From the results, it may be concluded that the good lung dependent position is the most effective position for patients with unilateral lung disease that improve oxygenation. Identification of positioning over time may be need further studies.