• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

This study investigated changes in phenolic contents of different parts of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RV) according to extraction conditions. Bark and xylem parts of RV were extracted at 80, 100, 120, 140, and $160^{\circ}C$ for 1, 3, and 5 h, respectively. Major phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein) of RV were analyzed. The gallic acid, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein contents significantly increased as extraction temperature increased. Protocatechuic acid and fustin contents increased as increasing extraction temperature to $120^{\circ}C$ and decreased afterward. The gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and butein contents of bark were higher than those of xylem extracts. The optimal extraction conditions of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin, sulfuretin, and butein were $160^{\circ}C/3h$ (380.22 mg%), $120^{\circ}C/1h$ (9.25 mg%), $100^{\circ}C/3h$ (206.97 mg%), $140^{\circ}C/5h$ (93.84 mg%), $140^{\circ}C/5h$ (16.07 mg%) and $160^{\circ}C/5h$ (1.49 mg%), respectively. These results suggest that the optimum extraction temperature and time considering RV extraction yield and cost are $140^{\circ}C$ and 3 h, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Efficacy of cosmetics has been mainly evaluated by qualitative and quantitative methods based on visual sense, tactile sense and skin structure until now. In this study, we suggested a novel evaluation method for skin status based on sound; measuring and analyzing the rubbing noise generated by applying cosmetics. First, the rubbing noise was measured at a close range by a high-sensitivity microphone in anechoic environment, and the noises were analyzed by 1/3 octave band analysis in frequency-domain. Three conditions, 1) before washing, 2) after washing and 3) after application of cosmetics, were compared. As a result, sound pressure level (SPL) of rubbing noise after washing was larger than that of before washing, and the SPL of rubbing noise after cosmetic application was the smallest. Furthermore, the energy of rubbing noise after application was higher than that of the before and after washing conditions in a low frequency band (lower than 2 kHz region). Conversely, the energy of rubbing noise after application was much lower than the others in a high-frequency band (upper than 2 kHz region). This change of energy distribution was described as a balloon-skin model. High SPL in the low frequency region after the cosmetic applications was due to the increase of "flexibility index", while SPL in the high frequency region significantly decreased because of the attenuation which is related to "softness index". Therefore, we developed two indices based on the spectrum-energy difference for evaluating skin conditions. This proposed method and indices were verified via skin flexibility and roughness measurement using cutometer and primos respectively. These results suggest that acoustic measurement of skin friction noise may be a new skin status evaluation method.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.496-503
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• 2021

By analyzing the characteristics of atmospheric stability in the southern coastal region of the Korean Peninsula in the summer of 2019, a quantitative threshold of atmospheric instability indices was derived for predicting rainfall events in the Korean Peninsula. For this analysis, we used data from all of the 243 radiosonde intensive observations recorded at the Boseong Standard Weather Observatory (BSWO) in the summer of 2019. To analyze the atmospheric stability of rain events and mesoscale atmospheric phenomena, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and storm relative helicity (SRH) were calculated and compared. In particular, SRH analysis was divided into four levels based on the depth of the atmosphere (0-1, 0-3, 0-6, and 0-10 km). The rain events were categorized into three cases: that of no rain, that of 12 h before the rain, and that of rain. The results showed that SRH was more suitable than CAPE for the prediction of the rainfall events in Boseong during the summer of 2019, and that the rainfall events occurred when the 0-6 km SRH was 150 m² s^-2 or more, which is the same standard as that for a possible weak tornado. In addition, the results of the atmospheric stability analysis during the Changma, which is the rainy period in the Korean Peninsula during the summer and typhoon seasons, showed that the 0-6 km SRH was larger than the mean value of the 0-10 km SRH, whereas SRH generally increased as the depth of the atmosphere increased. Therefore, it can be said that the 0-6 km SRH was more effective in determining the rainfall events caused by typhoons in Boseong in the summer of 2019.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of mesiodens using Cone-beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) and analyze the factors affecting complications and anesthetic methods of extraction. This study evaluated 602 mesiodens of 452 patients who underwent extraction of mesiodens at the department of Pediatric Dentistry in Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 2017 and 2019. The ratio of mesiodens patients over total patient per year was gradually increased over the past 20 years. Mesiodens with labio-palatally horizontal direction while root directing labial were the most common among the mesiodens with horizontal direction. Mesiodens were the most common at the cervical side of the adjacent teeth(37.0%) and mesiodens located in the near-palatal side were observed about 3.83 times higher than the far-palatal side. Most of the mesiodens(82.1%) were in contact with adjacent permanent teeth on all three sides of the CBCT and 46.2% of mesiodens had curved roots. The patient's age, vertical position, presence of complications, and proximity showed a significant difference in the selection of general anesthesia among anesthetic methods. The direction and vertical position of mesiodens had a significant effect on complications. These results provide a better understanding of mesiodens for establishing an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2009

In order to study the inheritance of watermelon seed size, we used six watermelon lines of different seed sizes as parental lines. Six lines include three accessions, 'PI525088' with giant seed (GS), 'Charleston Gray' with big seed (BS), and 'NT' with normal medium size seed (NS), and three near isogenic lines, 'NTss' with small seed (SS), 'NTms' with micro seed (MS) and 'NTts' with tomato seed size (TS) bred by crosses between accession 'NT' of normal seed size and accession 'TDR' of the smallest seed size,. We inspected $F_1$, $F_2$, $BC_1F_1$ (P1), $BC_1F_1$ (P2) populations from the crosses between the adjacent seed size materials like $GS{\times}BS$, $BS{\times}NS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$, and two crosses between parental lines showing relatively big difference in seed size such as $GS{\times}TS$ and $NS{\times}TS$. Partial single dominant inheritance patterns were observed between $GS{\times}BS$, $NS{\times}SS$, and $MS{\times}TS$ and inheritance patterns based on two genes or more than two genes were speculated between $BS{\times}NS$. A very wide segregation range was observed from the population of $GS{\times}TS$ indicating many quantitative genes involved in the seed sizes. Overall, we speculated that more than six genes are involved in between the biggest and smallest seed size watermelon and three major genes between the normal seed size and the smallest seed size watermelon.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

We inspected seed sizes of 353 genetic accessions of watermelon to diversify functional utility related to seed size and classified them into six representative groups based on their seed sizes. Each group was named as giant seed (GS), big seed (BS), medium size (NS), small size (SS), micro seed (MS) and tomato seed (TS) from the biggest. As the seed size was getting smaller, decreased seed length and seed width, increased seed number per fruit, and decreased seed weight per fruit were observed, but seed shape did not change significantly. In order to study the effect of seed size on fruit weight and seed germination, we developed three near isogenic lines (NILs) with three different seed sizes, SS, MS and TS, from crossing between two accessions 'NT' and 'TDR', and one NIL with seed size of TS from crossing between two accessions 'S55' and 'TDR'. In the study on the fruit weight of NILs with various seed sizes, NS, SS, MS, and TS NILs produced an average of 6.4, 6.3, 5.9, and 4.2 kg fruits, respectively. The bigger seed types showed the better germination rate. NS type showed the highest germination percentage, while TS showed very low germination percentage. Fermentation treatment for 48 hrs increased the germination percentage on TS type seed, but still remained at a low level. In NS, SS, and MS material, the ratio of embryo/whole seed weight was over 50%, meanwhile that of TS was only 44.4% of which low embryo percentage would be one of the reason of low germination percentage. From this study, we concluded that watermelon has very wide genetic diversity on seed size which is somehow related to fruit sizes and germination rate.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.519-532
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of galactic plane toward molecular motion and kinematics in the northern filament (NF) of Orion Molecular Clouds Complex (OMC) using $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0) line. Observed data were from three areas including NF1, NF2, and NF3 in far-out order from galactic plane, for a total 270 hours by Seoul National University Radio Astronomy Observatory (SRAO) 6m telescope, with 2arcmin spatial resolution. galactic plane and OMC NF were connected to each other along the magnetic field at a density of 3% for $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1) and 9% for the case of dust. $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0), $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1), and interstellar dusts were distributed uniformly in NF3, but only in certain regions with relatively high density in NF1 and NF2. NF showed a single structure, partial shrinking motion in NF1, and rotational motion at the bottom of NF2, and spiral rotation associated with magnetic field only in NF3. The position-velocity analysis showed that the materials including $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0) could flow toward galactic plane along NF2 and NF3. However, there was no clear cause for the material to flow toward galactic plane in this result. Further detailed observation for rotational motion at the top of NF1 and NF2 might help to confirm it.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.587-609
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• 2019

Short-and long-term stabilities of bentonite, favored material as buffer in geological repositories for high-level waste were reviewed in this paper in addition to alternative design concepts of buffer to mitigate the thermal load from decay heat of SF (Spent Fuel) and further increase the disposal efficiency. It is generally reported that the irreversible changes in structure, hydraulic behavior, and swelling capacity are produced due to temperature increase and vapor flow between $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$. Provided that the maximum temperature of bentonite is less than $150^{\circ}C$, however, the effects of temperature on the material, structural, and mineralogical stability seems to be minor. The maximum temperature in disposal system will constrain and determine the amount of waste to be disposed per unit area and be regarded as an important design parameter influencing the availability of disposal site. Thus, it is necessary to identify the effects of high temperature on the performance of buffer and allow for the thermal constraint greater than $100^{\circ}C$. In addition, the development of high-performance EBS (Engineered Barrier System) such as composite bentonite buffer mixed with graphite or silica and multi-layered buffer (i.e., highly thermal-conductive layer or insulating layer) should be taken into account to enhance the disposal efficiency in parallel with the development of multilayer repository. This will contribute to increase of reliability and securing the acceptance of the people with regard to a high-level waste disposal.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the simultaneous dual isotope (SDI) myocardial perfusion scan that can be performed in a short time using a semiconductor gamma camera. Materials and Methods Of the 86 patients who underwent Rest/Stress $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI 1-day myocardial perfusion scan and Rest $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI/Stress $^{201}Tl$ simultaneous dual isotope myocardial perfusion scan using a heart-only gamma camera, the test results were the same, 36 patients who did not show any change in the clinical outcome. Quantitative values were statistically analyzed using a QPS program to confirm the correlation between the images of the two examinations. Results Rest/Stress $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI simultaneous dual myocardial perfusion scans and $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI/Stress $^{201}Tl$ double-isotope myocardial perfusion scans were analyzed for Summed score. The $R^2$ value of the Rest summed score (RSS) was 0.91 and the $R^2$ value of the stress summed score (SSS) was 0.71. Conclusion The $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI/Stress $^{201}Tl$ simultaneous dual isotope scan confirmed its correlation with the previous day's test. The $^{99m}TC$-sestaMIBI/Stress $^{201}Tl$ simultaneous dual isotope scan can be completed in approximately 30minutes. It maybe clinically useful for patients who need short examination time such as emergency patients or elderly patients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.120-129
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• 2021

Securing a range of wheat resources is of particular importance with respect to wheat breeding, as it provides a broad genetic foundation. Although wheat breeders have used different wheat germplasms as material resources in current breeding systems, the traits of most germplasms collected from foreign countries differ from the unique traits that have evolved in the Korean environment. In this study, conducted over a 2-year period (2018 and 2019), we therefore evaluated the agricultural traits 1,967 wheat germplasms collected not only in Korea but also worldwide. During the period from sowing to February, the average temperature in 2019 was greater than 1℃, whereas from March to June, the average temperature was approximately 0.9℃ higher in 2018. Compared with the growth recorded in 2018, the stem length in 2019 increased by approximately 20 cm in 2019, and there were notable differences heading date and maturation between 2018 and 2019. In 2019, the heading dates of 973 and 713 wheat resources were earlier and later than those in 2018, respectively. Moreover, stem length was found to be highly correlated with the heading date and maturation. In Korea, where the rainy season and tine of rice transplantation overlap with the time of wheat harvest, early flowering time with high grain yield has been the most important selection target with respect to wheat breeding. We anticipate that the findings of this study will provide would use a foundation for the selection of elite materials and the development of resource core-sets for Korean wheat breeding programs.