• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2010

This study describes a new record of a thelotremoid lichen (Leucodecton desquamescens) from South Korea. The taxon is characterized by thick, bulging thallus with many calcium oxalate crystal inclusions; an immersed, round to irregular ascomata with free exciple, ellipsoid to $\pm$ roundish submuriform, brown ascospores, and lack of secondary metabolites. A detailed taxonomic description and comments are presented for this taxon. The lichen genus Leucodecton is reported for the first time in South Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.193-194
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• 2008

Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon was collected from Baega mountain, Jeonnam Province, Korea in 2008. It is characterized by short and slender podetia with verruculose surface, split along the sides. Apothecia large, pale brown, always growing on the top of the podetia. Primary squamules shell-like, thick, and convex. Fumarprotocetraric acid contained in thallus. This is the first record of this species in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

Endophytic green algae growing in fronds of Grateloupia spp. were examined for infection frequency from their field populations of Jeju, Wando, and Uljin, Korea in August and September 2013. Three endophytes were isolated in laboratory culture from a G. lanceolata thallus collected in Jeju. Unialgal cultures were made from the endophytes, and their morphological characteristics were observed with light microscopy. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast-encoded elongation factor tufA gene sequences was performed to identify the G. lanceolata endophytes. Three filamentous green endophytic species, Ulvella leptochaete, Blastophysa rhizopus, and Bolbocoleon piliferum were reported for the first time in Korea. General biological information for the three endophytes was also described.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2018

The morphology, anatomy and reproduction (tetra/bisporic and male) of Lithothamnion japonicum Foslie was studied, using holotype material and materials collected from Korea. Lithothamnion japonicum is characterized based on the presence of encrusting, warty to fruticose thallus, branched or unbranched short and cylindrical protuberances, conical shaped spermatangial conceptacles, branched (dendroid) spermatangial systems formed on floor, walls, and roof of conceptacle chamber, cylindrical shaped spermatangial conceptacle canal, 9-10 cell layered spermatangial conceptacle roof, raised tetra/bisporangial conceptacles without rims, flattened tetra/bisporangial conceptacle pore plate, 16-50 pores on each pore plate, 6-8 rosette cells surrounded by each pore, pore canal lining filaments composed of tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roof, and buried senescent tetra/bisporangial conceptacles completely infilled with relatively large and irregularly arranged calcified sterile cells. In this study, we report a new record of Lithothamnion japonicum from Korean coasts.

• ALGAE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

Grateloupia filicina (J.V. Lamouroux) C. Agardh (Halymeniaceae, Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyta) is an edible seaweed as well as an important source of carrageenan. In the present study, attempt has been made to develop a suitable protocol for effective regeneration of the seaweed and the rapid multiplication of the desired varieties. The young upright thallus of G. filicina was grown in axenic culture using both solid and liquid media. The various media tested were f/2, Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) and Enriched Seawater (ESW). The effect of glycerol (as a carbon source) and various plant growth regulators i.e. auxin (NAA) and cytokinins (Kinetin and BA) were tested. Although, regeneration of young thalli was observed from the cut ends in all the media, better growth was found in f/2, PES, f/2 (0.5% Glycerol), f/2 (NAA ${10^{-5}}_M)\;and\;f/2\;(BA\;{10^{-6}}_M$). On the other hand callusing was observed only in solid media supplemented with low concentration of Glycerol (0.5%) in f/2, NAA ${10^{-5}}_M\;in\;f/2,\;PES\;and\;BA\;{10^{-5}}_M$ in f/2. Young thalli were developed from the callus sub culture after 40 days of inoculation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2003

Growth and pigment responses to different levels of solar radiation with or without ultraviolet (UV)-B component $({\lambda}=280-315nm)$ were investigated in Antarctic rhodophytes, Kallymenia antarctica and Palmaria decipiens, collected around King George Island during the summer of 2000. In K. antarctica specific growth rate, based on thallus area or fresh weight, decreased with increasing solar irradiances while P. decipiens were relatively insensitive to the effects of light. It is noticeable that the presence or absence of UV-B had no significant effect on growth for either species. However, K. antarctica showed a more pronounced reduction in chlorophyll (Chl a) concentrations at higher irradiances in the presence of UV-B. In P. decipiens, Chl a concentrations did not differ despite radiation level fluctuations being lower albeit than initial measurements. Thallus thickness was greater in K. antarctica than in P. decipiens. There were higher relative amounts of UV-absorbing pigments (UVAPs) in P. decipiens than in K, antarctica. The single absorbance peak obtained from the methanol extracts was resolved into three (316,332 and 346nm) in K. antarctica and four peaks (315,326,333 and 349 nm) in Palmaria as a result of the fourth-derivative. After 7 days exposure to solar radiation, the amount of UVAPs in K. antarctica was significantly reduced to a similar degree at all light levels, whereas that of P. decipiens remained unchanged except at 5% of surface irradiance. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of purified extracts indicated that P. decipiens possesses porphyra-334 in addition to three other mycosporine-like anlino acids (MAAs; asterina-330, palythine, shinorine), which are commonly present in K. antarctica. Significantly lower tolerance of K. antarctica to high levels of solar radiation may be connected with its usual absence in the eulittoral, while the active growth and elastic pigment responses of P. decipiens over a wide range of solar irradiance levels up to full sunlight seems to correspond well with its wide vertical distribution from rock pools down to 25-30m.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.359-364
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• 2003

The seaweed Porphyra pseudolinearis as a dominant species grows at upper of the intertidal zone of the East Sea from October to March. Vegetative cells have not matured during October when observed with naked eye and microscope. In the middle of November, although it didn't distingush between female and male gametophytes by eye, it showed antheridium and carpogonium when observed vertical section under microscope. From early December, It could be distinguished female and male gametophytes clearly. From Feburary it showed shorted length of thalli by release of spermatangia and carposporangia as maturation. At early March, the colar has been decaeded and side of thalli has been melted, completed of release of spermatia. At the end of December, the average length and width of female thalli were 149.9$\pm$5.6mm and 22.2$\pm$2.3mm, respectively. The length and width of male thalli were 149.9$\pm$9.4mm and 20.7$\pm$1.8mm. At the end of January, the average length and width of female thalli were 94.6$\pm$6.4mm and 29.1mm$\pm$5.1, respcetively. The length and width of male thalli were 107.8$\pm$7.3mm and 25.9$\pm$0.9mm. From this period lengths of female and male thalli have already been shortned by the release of spermatia and carpogonia.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

Sargassum filicinum Harvey, a brown alga (Phaeophyceae) native to Northeastern Asia, has been recently reported from the coast of Southern California (USA). Here we report the occurrence and range extension of this introduced species, as we found the alga at La Jolla and Rancho Packard in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. The first collections of S. filicinum correspond to several immature plants, found on September 8, 2005, drifting in the intertidal zone at La Jolla. Later on November 9, 2006, we found a well-established population in Rancho Packard in the middle intertidal zone to 2 m depth. Since S. filicinum is an annual monoecious species with air bladders, the risk there is a high risk of spreading rapidly along the Pacific, as in the case for S. muticum. The population in Rancho Packard extends 500 m along the coast, consisting mainly of young plants with an average length of 30 cm and a density of 5 thallus/m2. This is the first record of this invasive species for the Mexican Pacific coast, and it represents the southern limit along the Pacific coast of North America. This finding suggests that this invasive species has successfully colonized the Pacific coast of North America and its distributional range is still expanding.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

The three endophytes, Blastophysa rhizopus, Bolbocoleon piliferum, Ulvella leptochaete, were isolated in a laboratory culture from a Grateloupia lanceolata thallus collected in Jeju. Effects of temperature and irradiance on growth and infection of the three species, were examined. Based on the unialgal cultures, their growth was examined under six temperatures (9, 13, 17, 21, 25, $29^{\circ}C$) and two irradiance levels (60, $100{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Also, infection experiments to the five hosts (Ulva intestinalis, Scytosiphon lomentaria, Gracilaria verimiculophylla, Chondrus ocellatus, and Grateloupia elliptica) with three endophytes were carried out under four temperatures (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and two irradiance levels (60, $100{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). In culture of the endophytes, optimum growth was found in $100{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ in combination with $21^{\circ}C$. At the end of infection experiment, endophytes were observed at all the hosts. Among three endophytes, U. leptochaete was the most common at the five hosts. However, we did not observe any endophytes at all hosts tested under $10^{\circ}C$ condition. Based on this result, it appears that temperature acts as a limiting factor to infection of the three species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.148-150
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• 2006

Karoowia saxeti was recorded during the lichen field expedition in southern part of Korea in 2006. The lichen was found on the rock surface along coastal line. This species was easily recognized by chemistry (K+ yellow) and the presence of isidia. Thallus was saxicolous, subcrustose, more or less lobate at the center with clearly lobed margins, $2{\sim}6\;cm$ broad and pale yellowish green. Thalli lobes were irregular, variable, up to 1.0mm wide, not branched, flat to more or less convex and contiguous to subimbricate. Upper surface of the thalli was continuous, emaculate, moderately isidiate. The isidia was subglobose to cynlindrical, darkening at the tips and unbranched. Low surface of the thalii was black with a spongy rhizoidal and lamellar layer. HPLC analysis proved the presence of stictic acid (K+ yellow), norstictic acid and usnic acid. This is the first record of the species in South Korea.