• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1071-1074
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• 1997

The Effect of $Ca^{++}$, $K^+$ and $Mg^{++}$ on salting of radish was investigated. Up to 0.2 M of $Ca^{++}$ and/or $K^+$, sodium chloride content of radish increased respectively, comparing with no addition of these ions. The salting effect of radish incereased in proportion to the concentration ($0{\sim}0.01\;M$) of $Ca^{++}$ and/or $K^+$ in the salting solution up to 0.2 M, while there was no influence of $Mg^{++}$. When $Mg^{++}$ and $Ca^{++}/Mg^{++}$ and $K^+$ were added to brine solution, $Ca^{++}$ or $K^+$ influenced the salting effect of radish and $Mg^{++}$ did not.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

Castor oil cake is widely used as a raw material for organic fertilizers (OF) in Korea. Compared to other fertilizer raw materials, it is highly dependent on imports. In terms of replacing raw materials, dehydrated food waste powder (FDP) and castor oil cake have similar nutritional content, and if 30% is replaced, about 20% of the raw material cost can be saved. However, few studies on the effects on crop growth and soil properties when organic fertilizer and dry food waste powder are mixed and applied to the soil have been reported. The effects of an organic fertilizer made by mixing the commercial available organic fertilizer with dehydrated food waste (OF + FDP) on soil properties and the growth of two types of leafy vegetables (lettuce and young radish) were evaluated and compared with the performance of OF. The fresh weights of lettuce and young radish were the highest with OF amendment and stood at 114.3 and 119.0 g·plant^-1, respectively. These were followed by OF + FDP amendment, which produced 103.1 and 109.6 g·plant^-1, respectively. Compared to the control, OF and OF + FDP increased the lettuce fresh weights by about 69% and 52%, respectively, while the fresh weights of the radish were increased by about 223% and 207%, respectively. The soil pH, EC, total carbon content, and organic matter content in OF and OF + FDP increased. The mixture of dehydrated food waste powder and organic fertilizers is expected to improve soil quality and facilitate stable production of crops and contribute to the substitution of imported organic fertilizer raw materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Characteristics (salt concentration, weight loss, soluble solid content, moisture content, and textural properties) of radish cube $(2{\times}2{\times}2\;cm)$ were evaluated during salting. Three different summer radish cultivars harvested in high land were immersed into 15% brine solution (radish : brine solution = 1 : 2) at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The time required to reach the optimum salt concentration (3%) was different among cultivars; 3 h for 'Bakbong', 4 h for 'Kwandong' and '92343'. Similar weight loss (about 24-26%) of salted radish cubes was found among cultivars. While the highest value of weight loss of salted radish cubes was observed with '92343', the lowest, 'Bakbong'. Hardness decreased during salting; the highest value of hardness was observer with 'Kwandong', the lowest, 'Bankbong'. The sample of '92343' has the lowest moisture content but has the highest soluble solid content and hardness, while 'Bakbong' has the highest moisture content, but has the lowest soluble solid content and '92343'. In separate experiments, seasonal variations in characteristics of salted radish cubes at optimum salt concentration (3%) were observed: for 'Bakbong', salt concentration, weight loss, soluble solid content, and hardness, and for 'Bakwang', salt concentration, weight loss, and hardness were higher in autumn cultivars than in spring or summer one, while moisture contents of both cultivars were higher in spring or summer cultivars than in autumn one.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate yield of extract, total phenolic compounds content, electron donating activity, nitrite scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase like activity of the radish leaves (Raphanus sativus L.) extracts. Radish leaves extracts were prepared using water extraction, 50% ethanol extraction and 50% methanol extraction. The yield of Kwandong radish leaves extracts without blanching treatment (DRLK) was $26.56{\sim}32.56%$ and the extract yield of Minongdanbaek radish leaves without blanching treatment (DRLM) was $34.34{\sim}36.90%$. On the other hand, the yield of samples with blanching treatment was a lower range value of $18.70{\sim}23.56%$ than samples without blanching treatment. In the total contents of phenolic compound, samples with and without blanching treatment were $49.1{\sim}59.4mg/g\;and\;53.41{\sim}62.08mg/g$, respectively. Minongdanbaek radish leaves extracts (DRLM, BDRLM) showed higher contents value than Kwandong radish leaves extracts (DRLK, BDRLK) in the total phenolic compounds. Samples without blanching treatment showed electron donating activity above 80%, nitrite scavenging activity of $36.63{\sim}51.17%$ and superoxide dismutase like activity of $38.53{\sim}45.38%$. Generally, Kwandong samples showed a little higher activity more than Minongdanbaek samples in the electron donating activity, nitrite scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase like activity. Also, radish leaves extracts without blanching treatment showed high physiological activities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

An endophytic bacterial strain, Arthrobacter humicola YC6002, was isolated from a surface sterilized root of Korean turf grass (Zoysia japonica) collected from Jinju, Korea. This strain showed inhibitory effect on germination and shoot growth of radish. The inhibition of germination and shoot growth of radish seeds varied depending on the age of culture and the temperature at which it was incubated. The culture filtrate of 1/10-strength Tryptic Soy Broth medium, incubated for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$, showed the highest inhibitory effect on radish seed germination and shoot growth (92% inhibition as compared to control). The active compound with seed germination and shoot growth inhibition was purified and identified as 3-phenylpropionic acid. The purified compound had 53% and 93% inhibitory effect on seed germination and shoot growth of radish for 500 and 1000 ppm solutions, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 1996

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ni on germination, cell elongation, ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, contents of chlorophyll and protein in radish were determined in the water culture. As the concentration of Ni was increased in the water culture, germination of radish was 55% by Ni 10 mg/kg and 30% by Ni 20 mg/kg. The ratio of cell elongation injury was 50%, by two days after Ni 20 mg/kg treatment. The injury ratio of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity was 45% in the same condition and as the time goes on, inhibition of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity were slightly decreased. Contents of chlorophyll a and b were decreased two days after treatment and chlorophyll a was more inhibited than chlorophyll b. Also changes of the protein contents was slightly decreased. Activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was decreased at germination stage, contents of chlorophyll a and b were decreased at growing stage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2005

To reduce effectively cadmium (Cd) phytoavailability by phosphate in mine tailing affected soil, fused and super phosphate (FSP), a main phosphate fertilizer in South Korea, was selected as phosphate source and then applied at the rates of 0, 78, 390, and 780 $P_2O_5kg\;ha^{-1}$. FSP did not decrease Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake, but increased significantly. The effect of Cd supplement and soil negativity increase through FSP application was not significant. Soil pH decreased markedly with increasing FSP application, which increased significantly soil Cd extractability and radish Cd uptake. As a result, phosphate fertilizer for reducing Cd phtyoavailability in heavy metals contaminated soil should be carefully selected as alkaline type.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.393-406
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• 2019

In August 2017, anthracnose symptoms were observed on the petioles and leaf veins of Korean radish (Rhaphanus sativus) in Hongcheon, Jeongseon, and Pyeongchang of the Gangwon province, Korea. Many grayish to dark-brown spots of 1-2 mm in diameter, appeared on the lower surface and leaf veins of the radish leaves. The spots gradually enlarged and coalesced to form dark-brown irregular lesions. Ten Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from the affected tissues of the Korean radish. Out of them, eight isolates were identified as C. higginsianum and two isolates were identified as C. truncatum based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S rDNA (ITS), partial beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), partial actin gene (ACT), and partial chitin synthase-1 gene (CHS1). The pathogenicity test was carried out on wounded and unwounded Korean radish (cv. Siraegimu and Osarimu), and Chinese cabbage (cv. Chuno and Smart) by inoculating with a spore suspension. All isolates except one C. truncatum isolate developed typical symptoms on both wounded and unwounded Korean radish. In Chinese cabbage, only the plants inoculated with C. higginsianum isolates developed symptoms regardless of the wound. This is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. truncatum on Korean radish in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1394-1399
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• 2014

Quality characteristics of radish treated with red clay-processed materials (RCPM) were investigated. Two different types of treatments using RCPM including a control were farm-raised in identical environments. General components, texture, nutrients, and antioxidant activities were performed. For general components analysis, total amounts of crude fat and ash were higher in radish treated with RCPM than in control. RCPM-treated radish showed higher contents of minerals (P, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, and Na) and vitamins (vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin) than those of control. RCPM-treated radish exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activities and total polyphenol contents than those of control, indicating higher antioxidant activities of radish raised by RCPM. In the textural analysis following refrigeration for 4 weeks, RCPM-treated samples showed a more stable texture and higher hardness values than those of control. Therefore, these results indicate that RCPM can be used to produce high-value radish of premium quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.780-785
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• 2006

The composition analysis of various radish (Rapharnus sativus L.) leaves and the effects of drying condition on the quality characteristics of hot-air dried radish leaves were carried out by a response surface methodology. Independent variables put in drying temperature $(X_1)$ and drying time $(X_2)$, dependent variables put in color, calcium, iron, vitamin, etc. In the proximate composition of radish leaves by varieties, there were no significant differences in the ash, protein, lipid, calcium and iron content of samples, but there were significant differences in the vitamins, chlorophyll and color value of samples. The quality characteristics on dried radish leaves by central composite design, it was significant value on the moisture content, chlorophyll and color value according to drying temperature and drying times. But there were no significant differences in the contents of calcium $(31.41{\sim}35.80\;mg/g,\;dry\;base)$ and iron $(0.21{\sim}0.29\;mg/g\;dry\;base)$. The multiplex regression coefficients analysis were calculated with independent variables $(X_1,\;X_2)$ and dependent variables (moisture, chlorophyll, color value). The calculated coefficient correlations for the each samples were $R^2>0.97$. The effects of drying temperature were greater than drying time in the total chlorophyll content changes of radish leaves. Based on the present study, the optimum drying condition for the lowest color changes and effective reduction of moisture of radish leaves were expected to be $5{\sim}6$ hours at $70^{\circ}C$.