• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

As the number of small households (1 to 2 persons per household) in Korea gradually increases, so does the importance of housing supply policies for small households. In response to the increase in small households, the government has been continuously supplying urban housing for these households. Since housing for small households is a sales and rental business similar to apartments and general business facilities, it is important for the building owner to calculate the project's estimated construction duration during the planning stage. Review of literature found a model for estimating the duration of construction of large-scale buildings but not for small-scale buildings such as urban housing for small households. Therefore this study aimed to develop and verify a model for estimating construction duration for urban housing at the planning stage based on multiple regression analysis. Independent variables inputted into the estimation model were building site area, building gross floor area, number of below ground floors, number of above ground floors, number of buildings, and location. The modified coefficient of determination (R_a²) of the model was 0.547. The developed model resulted in a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 171.26 days and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 26.53%. The developed estimation model is expected to provide reliable construction duration calculations for small-scale urban residential buildings during the planning stage of a project.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

Europe and North America are paying attention to residential ESS(Energy Storage System) that can manage energy efficiently. The ESS is a system that stores and manages the electric power by charging and discharging the battery. The ESS is generally used in conjunction with photovoltaic systems. The ESS supplies the load of the power generation time and stores the remaining PV power to supply the load at the non-power generation time. However, due to the high price of residential ESS, low electric rates and increasing block rates, there is no market of residential ESS in Korea. This paper reviews the price condition and the capacity for applying PV and residential ESS to household of apartments using HOMER in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.362-369
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• 2019

This descriptive study investigated depression among 4,904 elderly people aged 60 to 90 years using the Korean Retirement and Income Study. The depressive group and non-depressive group were classified by the depression self-diagnostic scale, CES-D. The effects of general characteristics, disability, disability type, IADL, and social support on depression were examined. A t-test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors affecting depression. The average age of the depressive group was 75.10 years, which was higher than the average age of the non-depressive group (73.44 years), indicating that depression increased with age. Elderly who were female, elderly with no spouse, elderly with lower educational attainment and with a lower household income were in the depressed group. The score to perform IADL of disabled persons was higher than that of non-disabled persons, and the social support was lower. Logistic regression analysis performed to determine the risk factors affecting depression revealed that it was affected by disability and type of disability. Although this study has some limitations, the results presented herein can be used as a basis for understanding elderly with disabilities and developing future healthcare programs for them.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objectives: There are few studies which reflects of each generation's own features, of the New Middle Age and the Elderly's hearing status and their quality of life even though the population of old age has been weighted as baby boom generation's entering into old age. This study is to identify the effects of the new middle age and the elderly's hearing status on their quality of life and to prepare the customized health policies for their health promotion and quality of life improvement as well as the base line data for hearing enhancement programs. Methods: This study was analyzed using the data of the 7th term of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the Disease Management headquarters. Out of 8,150 adults over the age of 50 who participated in the hearing test, 3,306 were selected and analyzed. Results: At the result of identifying the correlation of hearing status and the quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly, it was confirmed that hearing loss affects low quality of life. The average of quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly was 0.95 and 0.85 each, resulting in higher quality of life in New Middle Age than in the Elderly. The factors affecting the quality of life of the New Middle Age were the level of the education, household income, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. The factors affecting the quality of life of the Elderly were gender, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. Conclusion: Hearing loss of the New Middle Age and the Elderly affects their low quality of life. Therefore the development and the provision of policy program is needed, so as to maintain and manage hearing through age-specific health education. It is expected that the second half of the New Middle Age's life will be much happier, if not taking the treatment-oriented approach of hearing loss only but strengthening the education needed for the maintenance and the management of healthy hearing at their work place, where 50 and 60 generations' workforce has been increased.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

This research aims at analyzing the changes in residential environment after a residential environment improvement project focusing on the analysis into the physical environment of a residential environment improvement project, and examining in what direction the changes by residents' own efforts occurred after public support, such as infrastructure. The present residence development method has become different from the previous pulling down method and is focused on regeneration. By examining in what direction the target residence is being changed because of the development by residents' own efforts after the government's public investment at this time, this study also aims at investigating the direction to develop a guideline for residential improvement for later improvement of deteriorated residence. As for the contents of the analysis, changes in public support, such as infrastructure, and other areas after the residential environment improvement project were compared and analyzed from the land use, street system, and condition of buildings before the residential environment improvement project through field survey, geographic information system(GIS), registered land and building data and so on. The biggest change since the support from the government was that at the beginning of the project, the application of special provision of building laws and different financial supports led to lots of newly built buildings. Since then, their number has decreased rapidly, and in most cases, there have been some changes in part, such as changes in the use of land or repair of disposal tanks. Most newly built buildings were multi-household houses, and it has caused road capacity and parking lot capacity, etc., to be exceeded, which has worsened the pleasantness of the living environment. In addition, other problems have also appeared, for example, the lack of residence supporting facilities yet with a higher level of residential density. Regarding the changes in the residential environment after the residential environment improvement project, maintenance of houses were conducted in some degree as diverse alleviation policies to improve poor residence, yet the absence of the guideline for the direction of developing the whole district has made the residence environment more dense and deteriorated. To solve these problems, in advance to a residential improvement project, specific management methods based on short-, mid- and long-term plans for the direction of development by residents' own efforts and a sustainable guideline seem to be necessary.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.54
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• pp.261-301
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• 2018

In South Korea, the number of households that rear companion animal has been gradually increasing. With the rise of household dogs, the frequency of humans that are being bitten by another's dog has also increased. This type of accident, which is known as a dog bite accident throughout the United States. It can cause significant physical and emotional damage to the victims and may result in grave injuries or death. Dog bite accidents are serious public health problems and can cause immeasurable hidden costs to the community. South Korea has enacted several laws to address dog bite accidents, which include the Animal Protection Act, the Civil Act, and the Criminal Act. On March 20, 2018, the Animal Protection Act was amended to reinforce the current legislation. These amendments addressed the duty of care owed by a companion dog owner to society members and the punishment that an owner of a fierce dog would face in the event of a dog bite accident. Conversely, several states in the United States have enacted a single law that regulates the details regarding dog bite accidents, such as the type of dog or animal, the type of damage, the scope of compensation for damages, and the scope of recognition of liabilities. This paper is intended to review the present situation of dog bite legislation in several states in the United States, which have a variety of laws that address dog bite accidents, and compare them with current South Korean dog bite legislation. Through this research, this paper will discuss what issues may exist in South Korean's current dog bite laws, analyze the responsibility of companion dog owners, and provide solutions to any issues that are discovered.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

With the development of machine learning techniques, various types of data such as vibration, temperature, and flow rate can be used to detect and diagnose abnormalities in machine conditions. In particular, in the field of the state monitoring of rotating machines, the fault diagnosis of machines using vibration data has long been carried out, and the methods are also very diverse. In this study, an experiment was conducted to collect vibration data from normal and abnormal compressors by installing accelerometers directly on rotary compressors used in household air conditioners. Data segmentation was performed to solve the data shortage problem, and the main features for the fault classification model were extracted through the chi-square test after statistical and physical features were extracted from the vibration data in the time domain. The support vector machine (SVM) model was developed to classify the normal or abnormal conditions of compressors and improve the classification accuracy through the hyperparameter optimization of the SVM.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2021

Background: E-cigarettes are steadily gaining popularity in Korea. However, the characteristics of e-cigarette smokers, especially nicotine dependence and stress susceptibility, have not been evaluated in comparison to those of nonsmokers or combustible cigarette smokers in Korea. Methods: In this study, 28,059 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017) were classified into the following three groups: non-smokers, smokers (current smokers and ex-smokers of combustible cigarettes only), and e-smokers (current smokers and ex-smokers of e-cigarettes regardless of combustible cigarette use). Results: Among the participants, 16,980 (60.5%), 9,247 (33.0%), and 1,832 (6.4%) subjects were non-smokers, smokers, and e-smokers, respectively. E-smokers were younger, more educated, and had a higher household income than non-smokers or smokers. The number of e-smokers who smoked within 5 minutes of waking up (31.5% vs. 19.8%, p<0.001) and who planned to quit smoking within 6 months (39.1% vs. 35.7%, p<0.05) was greater than that of smokers. E-smokers perceived stress as "very much" (7.0% vs. 4.4%, p<0.001) and "a lot" (29.1% vs. 20.5%, p<0.001) compared to non-smokers. Suicidal ideation (6.5% vs. 4.7%, p<0.001), plans (2.4% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001), and attempts (1.1% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) were higher in e-smokers than in non-smokers. Depressive episodes in 1 year (14.2% vs. 11.4%, p<0.05) and suicidal plans (2.4% vs. 1.8%, p<0.05) were more frequent among e-smokers than among smokers. Conclusion: E-smokers were younger, more educated, and had a higher income, but they were more dependent on nicotine and susceptible to stress than non-smokers and smokers. Smoking cessation counseling should be tailored according to the characteristics of e-smokers.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.459-475
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• 2020

This study examined the moderating effect self-rated health has on the association between grandparenting and depressive symptoms. The fourth wave (in 2012) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) was used for the analyses (N=650). The Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) method was applied in order to ensure randomness in the selection of grandparents who participated in grandparenting and those who did not. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms, the independent variable was grandparenting, and the moderating variable was self-rated health. Control variables were education level, age, household income, gender, marital status and life satisfaction. After matching data by CEM, weighted multiple regression was applied with STATA 13.0. Also, simple slope analysis and region of significance were performed to interpret the interaction terms. The results showed that self-rated health had a significant moderating effect. Specifically, for grandparents with high self-rated health, grandparenting was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms. On the contrary, for grandparents with low self-rated health, there was no difference depending on whether they participated in raising grandchildren. Based on these results, we discussed the need for consideration of self-rated health for grandparents who participated in grandparenting.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.437-463
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• 2013

As polarization and class reproduction between generations are considered to be serious problems in Korean society, increasing number of assortative mating, which means marrying between homogeneous family background, income class, and educational background, is on the spotlight socially. Some worry that the increase of assortative mating can reinforce closure of social mobility so it deepens inequality and limits class mobility between generations. This research analyzes the effects of accomplishment characteristics of husbands and wives and ascriptive characteristics of parents which consist the concept of assortative mating, on income, consumption, and assets those represent economic status of a family. The purpose of this research is to suggest empirical understanding on the role of assortative mating that affect on inequality within generations and income mobility between generations in Korean society. In the result of multiple regression analysis on the effect of assortative mating on income, consumption, and assets, high educational background was the factor that increase income and consumption level as accomplishment characteristics of assortative mating. As ascriptive characteristics of assortative mating, educational homogeneous of fathers was the factor that increased asset level. While accomplishment characteristics affect income and consumption, ascriptive characteristics of homogeneous had significant effect on assets. Thus, it was found that transfer between generations had effects around asset rather than income. In particular, ascriptive characteristics in young husbands and wives aged 20s or 30s had significant effect only on the assets.