• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

The familial environment may also play an important role in the epidemiology of HCV infection through vertical and horizontal transmission by infected household members. However, it is still controversial whether familial clustering of HCV occurs. We experienced a case of familial clustering of hepatitis C virus. A 10-year old girl presented with nausea, vomiting and anorexia for a month was diagnosed as hepatitis C. Her mother, grandmother, a maternal aunt and her daughter had contracted with HCV. Her laboratory findings showed AST/ALT 63/122 IU/L, positive anti-HCV Ab and HCV RNA ($3.54{\times}10^5copies/mL$). Pathologic findings of the liver biopsy revealed chronic hepatitis with minimal lobular activity, mild porto-periportal activity and mild portal fibrosis. After treatment with interferon-${\alpha}$ 2b for 6 months, the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were normalized.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.16-36
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• 2005

Due to the existence of asymmetry of information between doctor and patient, it has been believed that doctor might affect patient's decision making process of purchasing medical care. Based on this notion, doctor's reimbursement method has been suggested as an effective policy device of improving efficiency of patient's medical care use by way of its affecting doctor's practice pattern. By using the Community Tracking Study (CTS) household and physician data set, which includes not only various information on patient's medical care use, but doctor's practice arrangements and sources of practice revenue, this paper investigates the effect of community doctor's characteristics of reimbursement method on community patient's medical care use under the control of patient's socio-demographic characteristics and community doctor's practice type. In the process of estimating econometric model, the endogeneity problem of individual health insurance purchase was corrected by using 2818. And due to the existence of sample selection problem, Heckman's two-step estimation method was used for strengthen the robustness of estimation which was adversely affected by sample selection problem The empirical results show that as the average value of community doctor's portion of practice revenue determined by prospective method out of total revenue increases, the community patient's total out-of-pocket medical cost decreases. This results suggest, as doctor's practice revenues are mainly determined by prospective method, such as capitation, doctors would be more conscious about practice cost, which might affect doctor's practice pattern and by which his/her patient's use of medical care would decrease.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2012

With the burden of chronic diseases mounting among the population as a result of its aging, the importance of health examination is being stressed in order to identify and manage diseases in the early stage. Health examination in Korea is divided largely into periodic health examination provided as a national health screening program and individual physical checkups. The advantages of the former include little economic burden on the examined and those of the latter include the freedom of the individual to select various examination headings depending on the individual's characteristics and preferences. With both examinations now being expanded, empirical analyses from various standpoints are needed. This study proposes to analyze traits of the examined and non-examined as shown in the facts and figures of the 1st and 2nd Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), thereby make the determinant factors clear leading to the acceptance of the examinations, and analyze the effects of the examinations upon maintaining or moving to healthy lifestyle. It was confirmed that demographic features such as gender and age, socioeconomic features such as the level of education, place of residence and household income, physical and mental state of health such as chronic disease and dementia, and daily living habits are significantly related with whether to accept physical examination. It is also confirmed that physical examination leads to non-smoking, regular physical exercises and regular dietary habits. It is suggested that, to enhance effects of health examinations, follow-up management programs making use of results of health examinations be further expanded, and the national health screening program be more actively put into operation for the bracket lying in the blind spot of the program.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1053-1061
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors of community scaling rate using community health survey data. Methods: The data were extracted from 2013 Community Health Survey, Ministry of education, Korea Dental Association, Statistics Korea, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and Ministry of the Interior. The resource factors of independent variables were analysed by Geographical Information System(GIS) using Map Wizard for Excel 17.0. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis(p<0.05). Results: Seocho-gu in Seoul had the highest annual scaling rate(55.5%) and Goheung-gun had the lowest rate(11%) showing 44.5 percent gap. The influencing factors of scaling included the number of dental hygienists(r=0.316), dentists(r=0.332), dental hospitals(r=0.470), high school graduation rate(r=0.757) and equivalence scales household income(r=0.764)(p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that community scaling rate was closely associated with community education level and monthly income(p<0.05). Conclusions: Community scaling rate was closely related to the community education and income level. It is necessary to provide the equal distribution of the oral health service to the community society.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2005

A frictional coefficients of in-vivo skin characteristic is the most important factor of the cutaneous mechanical properties ant the method of evaluating skin care in the fields of cosmetics products. In-vivo skin characteristic varies in many different ways depends on what is applied to the skin, loading condition, shape, surface roughness, and material of the probe. In this research, we designed a system which can be measured frictional coefficients of a human skin on real time. It consists of multi-components load-cell, actuator, linear motor and arm fixator. This measurement system was automatically controlled by computer. We measured frictional coefficients between probe an4 skin using this system ant inquired adjectives for subjective evaluation while rubbing cosmetic product on skin. Lastly, we analyzed correlation between two factors by calculating Pearson Correlation Coefficient. As a result, we could know that frictional coefficients varied from 0.17-1.2 according to cosmetic products, normal forte, materials and surface conditions of probe. We also confirmed sensual feelings of cosmetic products have close correlation with frictional coefficients.

• School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.441-463
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to investigate how elementary school students execute sampling with what designs in order to gather information under a situation that requires collecting data and information about their household and everyday life, and to examine how they use tools, including table or graph, etc., in order to perform efficient analysis of data and information they surveyed, also what results they acquire. To test this, the researcher set up a situation in advance that requires collecting data, and, under this circumstance, the researcher instructed and guided school students to look for methods how to design and survey in order to gather data by having them discuss tasks, involving small groups or entire class, and seek its solutions by themselves through trial and errors. The results from surveys revealed that a lesson, which will have students do sampling and arrange statistical data and analyze the results, was possible to carry out in the class of 6th grade of elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the household characteristics, the actual residential environment of the elderly living with their offsprings together in Gwangju. We also evaluated their satisfaction with the needs for remodeling of their houses and the different opinions about those things between the elderly and their off springs. We used comparative and descriptive T-test in statistical analysis. The results were as follows. There were more families living in the detached houses than those living in the apartments. The average size of the houses was 100.8 square meters. The mean residence period was 13.5 years. The sons were usually the legal householders. The residents who experienced remodeling before reassigned the furniture and installed the bathtub, which was designed to be sat on comfortably in a common. A few residents installed safety system such as alarms for incident fire or gas, convenient knobs for handling and faucets for running hot or cold water separately. After the installation of alarms, convenient knobs of windows or door, Customer satisfaction for those things were quite high. But that for the installation of safety bar were the lowest in contrast. The most things the old wanted to change were to rearrange bedrooms and bathrooms on the first floor and to decorate them in westernized styles. They didn't need to set up safety bars or shower instrument for modulating heights. The second generation wanted to install the blinds or curtains more than the third generations.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between health status, health-promoting behavior, self-esteem and suicidal ideation among the elderly. Method: Subjects consisted of 115 elderly persons. Data were collected from January to March 2013, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The mean scores for health status ($2.41{\pm}.68$), health-promoting behavior ($2.38{\pm}.43$), and self-esteem ($2.87{\pm}.69$) among the elderly fell in the average range, whereas scores for suicidal ideation ($.48{\pm}.36$) among the elderly fell in the below average range. Health status differed significantly according to age, educational level and economic status. Health-promoting behavior did not differ significantly based on these general characteristics. Self-esteem differed significantly according to age, job, and number of people living in the household. Suicidal ideation differed significantly based on age, educational level, and economic status. Significant correlations were found between health status, health-promoting behavior, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These findings indicate that perceived health status, health-promoting behavior, and self-esteem may be factors that need to be considered in order to decrease the prevalence of suicidal ideation among the elderly. These results can be used to develop a suicide prevention program for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.119-141
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• 2006

This study aims to explore the status and characteristics of the working poor and to identify the major determinants of their statistic status. For this, longitudinal panel data (from 2nd wave(1999) data to 7th wave(2004) data) from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), is used. The data is analyzed by adopting Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model (HGLM), which is known as an app.opriate data analysis method for the hierarchically structured data, to look at the factors that affect on the poverty status of the working people. The results show that 1) it is estimated that about 1 out of 10 working people (about 10.0%) are poor, and 2) sex, education level, marital status, region where they lives, employment status, occupation type, and industry type that they are working at are significant predictors in determining their poverty status. Unlike the results of the previous studies, however, the number of the household member, age are not influenced on their poverty status. Based on these results, several policy implications are presented at the end of this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.42-48
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• 2005

A DC-DC converter is being widely used for various household appliances and for industry applications. The DC-CC converter is powered from single battery, and the voltage is varied according to the purpose. In the vehicle, various accessories whose electric power is different are being un4 Thus, plural number of DC-DC converter should be provided, so these situations bring complicated circuits, and accordingly, higher cost. Under such backgrounds, in this paper, we propose a novel buck-boost chopper circuit with simply configuration which can supply to two or more different output loads. The propose chewer circuit can control output voltages by controlling duty ratio by using typically two switching devices, which is composed by single boost-switch and single buck-switch. The output voltage can be controlled widely. A few modified circuits developed from the fundamental circuit are represented including the general multi-load circuit. And all this merits and appropriateness was proved by computer simulation and experience.