• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to examine generational distinctions of housing investment and household wealth for two different age cohorts - 'baby-boomers' and 'eco-boomers'. In so doing, national survey data of two different periods were analyzed and the primary results are summarized as follows; aggregate assets of both generations have risen, and the rising household debt for baby-boomers was related to loans for living expenses while eco-boomer's debt was ascribed to home-buying loans. In the midst of economic slowdown, the age cohorts had conservative asset allocation in preference for risk-averting investment like savings. The main purpose of saving and investment was distinctive across the groups? retirement for baby-boomers and home purchase for eco-boomers. Both groups prioritized reduction of household liabilities and also were cautious on investing in real estate. Still home-buying was considered to be an important driver for asset accumulation. While baby-boomers were unwilling to dispose any form of owned real estate, eco-boomers found it challenging to take on a long-term investment like home-buying, especially in economic uncertainties. Rather the young generation would diversify asset allocation with better-returning investment commodities like stocks, bonds and derivatives.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.53-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the working married women's perception on the effect of work on household economy. The household economy was examined in three aspects; income, assets, and consumption patterns, along with the contribution and the satisfaction of working married women with respect to their income by work Four hundred thirty working married women with the first child of less than middle school were surveyed, with questionnaires from March 25 to April 22 of 2005, and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results were as follows: the reasons of working married women for work were making an affluent living, showing their ability, wanting for work, and making a living in order. The perceived degree of their income contribution to household income was on the average about $42.53\%$. They perceived the spending in time-saving consumption items, child-rearing consumption items, and personal consumption items to be decreased, if they were not working. Their work was helpful in saving, insurance and investment, debt payment, money for old life, money for housing, money for emergency. About $69\%$ of working married women perceived their income contribution to their household income as being high.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

The decrease in the birth rate of the modern changes in population structure changed recovery households and household members. This change was seen in the furniture sector, 2010 population housing total survey data according to the types of households and household members indicate that future changes. Problems can predict the various issues raised, and to ensure that the supply of housing of the population structure and household type is not done properly and home sales take a look at home since 2000, was popular during the 2010 State. Therefore, this study is suggesting workarounds necessary adjustments due to changes in population structure, analyze news coverage of members of households with housing demand and housing as a base quantity change in the future of furniture and home situation changes, including housing demand and supply to purpose. Specify the range of Daegu-City research studies range, national statistical data and related literature, comparative analysis of time trends and derive a conclusion.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the policy demands of the family sector for work-family balance, with a focus on the child care and household labor provisions. For empirical analysis, data were collected from 197 dual-income families with at least one young child under age 10 in the metropolitan area via self-administered questionnaires. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, child care provisions for working mothers and fathers were insufficient and unfair, and the ratio of child care provisions offered by familial child care network was high. The characteristics of child care provisions for working parents were associated with family structure, working conditions, and demographic variables. Second, household labor provisions for working mothers and fathers were also insufficient and unfair, and the ratio of socialization was high. Third, the level of family satisfaction varied by the level of child care and household labor provisions, respectively, controlling family structure, working conditions, and demographic variables. The empirical results of the study provided policy implications for work-family balance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.518-528
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• 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) has been widely used in various applications to generate realistic virtual environments. A sense of immersion can be increased by providing additional stimuli such as tactile sensation to VR contents. However, it is still challenging to provide a realistic feel for the wind blowing over the whole body by smoothly controlling the airflow. To address this issue, we employ a household electric fan as a wind generating device to provide users with wind experience in VR environments. The wind generating device targets the whole body to mimic the wind we feel outside in our daily life. To do so, we present a low-cost method to smoothly control household fan speed using an Arduino microcontroller. Here, we use the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique to generate the sinusoidal voltage required to drive the fan motor. Our experimental results show how Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) is implemented at a low cost using our method for household fan speed control. The results can be applied to various VR applications to enhance the sense of immersion by providing users with realistic wind.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2024

Objectives: This study used secondary data from the 2021 Community Health Survey to identify the impact of dysphagia on mental health-related characteristics among older adults, selecting 73,970 individuals aged 65 years and older. Methods: Frequency analysis, χ²-test, and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify risk factors affecting mental health-related characteristics among older adults. Results: Dysphagia was most common among individuals with the following demographic characteristics: female, aged 85 years and older, three-generation household and household income in the 1st quintile. Chewing discomfort according to mental health-related characteristics was higher in older adults with cognitive impairment and depression. Sex, age, education level, household income, and chewing discomfort were significant for cognitive impairment, whereas sex, age, household type, education level, household income, and chewing discomfort were significant for depression. Conclusions: The above results confirmed that chewing discomfort contributes to mental health issues such as cognitive impairment and depression. It is therefore necessary to recognize chewing discomfort as an important health problem affecting the mental health of older adults, and to develop a multifaceted dental hygiene approach to target community-dwelling older adults who suffer from chewing discomfort.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The number of household living alone including young single adults has gradually increased. The purpose of this study is to examine the demand on housing options, additional space, shared space, community facilities, housing service for young adults living alone including college students. A total of 180 questionnaire were collected and analyzed. For housing location, commuting distance is the most important feature and amenities are the second important feature. For additional space, there is a significant difference between male and female single residents. Female residents want to install dress room most while male adults want to have a study room. For the shared house option, single adults concerns housing fee and living cost most. However, female adults concern safety and security issues much more than male ones do. The degree of preference to community facilities varies between male and female single residents. The findings suggest more differentiated approaches are needed for alternative housing options for male and female residents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.121-140
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand how the economic conditions and needs of single-parent families are different between single-mother and single-father families, and also how they are dependent on household composition. The data for this study were drawn from the 1st Korea Welfare Panel Study and analyzed by frequencies, means, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, F-test, and logistic regression with the STATA 9.1 program. The major findings are as follows: (1) Single-parent families are more likely to live in a three-generation household than married couple families. (2) The composition of a three-generation household of single-parent families is affected by sex, age, education, type of marital disruption, the type of employment of single parents and the age of the last-born child. (3) The income-to-needs ratio is not significantly different depending on the sex of the single parents and their household composition. However, material hardship is significantly low in three-generation household single-parent families. (4) There are differences between three-generation single-parent families and independent single-parent families in income sources: The ratio of public transfer to total incomes is higher in three-generation households than independent households, while the ratio of private transfer to total incomes is higher in independent households.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.411-419
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• 2016

This study tried to find the relationship between household income level and medical expense to household income ratio. For data analysis, it used 2010 and 2011 yearly data beta version of Korea Health Panel, co-managed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Corporation. To find out how the effect of independent variable changes in 2010 and 2011, the interaction effect between year and independent variable was examined, and separating the factors that showed interaction effect into each year, linear regression analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations method. As a result of reviewing the factors that were related to medical expense to household income ratio among the people who used medical services, it was found that the higher the household income level, the lower the medical expense. It indicates that policy measures are needed to lessen the medical burden of low-income families.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1199-1212
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine how the mother's educational aspirations and household's characteristics have an effect on the likelihood of private educational expenditures and the amount of private educational expenditures. Factor analysis, probit and tobit analyses were used. The main findings can be summarized as the following: The mother's educational aspirations for intrinsic values is higher than for extrinsic values. The mother's educational aspirations for extrinsic values, household's assets, and residing in Seoul rather than residing in Incheon had significant positive effects on the likelihood of private educational expenditures. However, the child's birth order had a significant negative effect on the likelihood of private educational expenditures. The mother's educational aspirations for extrinsic values, the mother's education level, household's income, household's assets, and residing in Seoul rather than residing in Incheon had significant positive effects on the amount of private educational expenditures. However, the child's birth order had a significant negative effect on the amount of private educational expenditures. Findings from this study offer several implications. First, the mother's educational aspirations for extrinsic values rather than for intrinsic values has an effect on private educational expenditures. Unless the mother's educational aspirations have been changed to pursuing intrinsic values, the private educational expenditures cannot be reduced. Second, the polarization of the household's income and assets could bring about the polarization of private educational expenditures, which can lead to the intergenerational income polarization.